LAB 9 - Blood

Which blood test(s) would e used to test for the allergies?

Differential white blood cell count

Which blood test(s) would be used to determine the presence of a parasitic infection?

Differential white blood cell count.

What is the purpose of the hemolysis applicator?

It breaks down red blood cells and releases hemoglobin to the solution.

Monocyte

Large cell twice as big as a red blood cell. Nucleus is "bran" or "C" shaped.

Lymphocyte

Large round nucleus takes most of the space in the cell; small cytoplasm ring around nucleus.

Neutrophil

Polymorphonuclear (=nucleus twisted and segmented); slightly pinkish granular cytoplasm.

The blood cells essential for the transport of oxygen in our body are called __.

RBCs

What statement best described what you would expect to happen in a packed cell transfusion if the recipient had blood type A and the donor had blood type O

There would be no transfusion.

What is the function of platelets?

They mediate blood-clotting.

Tim has an accident and needs a fast blood transfusion. His blood type is B. The hospital ran out of B blood, but they have AB type, A type, and O type blood. Which type would Tim received as it will provide the least issues for him?

Type O - this blood is universal donor blood because the red blood cells have no antigens on their surface and thus cannot coagulate with the recipients blood.

The formed elements involved in the immune-defense of the body are called

WBCs

What will happen if the Wright's stain reacts with the slide for less than a minute?

Weak staining and poor contrast

A male athlete has a hematocrit of 55% prior to a competition. That indicates ____

an endurance trained male in the norm range.

A woman with a hemoglobin content of 10g/100ml would be considered __ in regards to her saturation

anemic (Note - normal range for female = 12-16 g/100ml

A individual's blood type is genetically determined by the ____.

antigens on the red blood cells.

If someone who does not have type O blood receives a type O transfusion, they can only receive the ___, not the ___.

cells plasma

Formed elements in blood include

cells and cell fragments

When handling someone else's blood, you should always wear

disposable gloves.

Where would antibodies be found in the blood?

dissolved in plasma

Platelets

enable self-sealing of wounds (clotting)

Where are the A, B, and Rh antigens located?

erythrocyte

What problem is most likely the case when a person has a high count of lymphocytes?

infection

We need as much Wrights stain as ____

is necessary to cover all the blood smear

A patient's hemoglobin content is determined to be 13 g/100ml. That is ____

low for a man, but normal for a woman. (Note: norm range men: 14-18 g/100ml; women 12-16 g/100 ml

When you move the slide in the hemoglobinometer, your goal is to ____ the two colors.

match

A patient's hematocrit is determined to be 45%. That is

normal for both a man and a woman.

The capillary tube should be sealed

on one side after we put blood in so that the blood will not be pushed out in the centrifuge.

The liquid portion of blood is called?

plasma

The formed elements that allow blood to clot are called ___ and they look like ___.

platelets - very small, roundish spots.

White blood cells (leukocytes)

provide immune surveillance and defense.

The most abundant of the formed elements in blood are what?

red blood cells

With the hematocrit test, we determine one of two important factors that determine ____

the oxygen transport capacity of a person's blood.

With the hemoglobin test, we determine one of two important factors that determine ___.

the oxygen transport capacity of a person's blood.

What does one count in a differential white blood cell count?

the percentages of different types of white blood cells as a fraction of white blood cells.

Why do you need to hold the slide at a 45 degree angle?

to ensure the proper thicknesses of the smear.

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

transport of respiratory gases

Plasma

transports nutrients, proteins, hormones and distribute body heat.

You need to stir the blood with the hemolysis applicator ____

until it appears clear, not cloudy.

Match the percentages to the correct type of leukocyte as we would see it in a healthy individual.

1. 50% - 70% - Neutrophils 2. 25% - 35% - Lymphocytes 3. 4% - 6% - Monocytes 4. 1% - 3% - Eosinophilis 5. 0.4%-1% - Basophils

When donor and recipient have the exact same blood type, like B+ for example, their blood will obviously match. What if the recipient type does not match the donor type?

1. Any recipient can receive type O red blood cells (packed cells but not the type O plasma) 2. A Rhesus positive recipient can always receive Rhesus negative blood of the same type. (A+ can received A- blood for example). 3. Recipients with type AB+ can receive any type of donor blood cells (packed cells), but not any type of plasma.

Blood doping can occur by taking erythropoietin (EPO). EPO will stimulate the production of red blood cells. Which blood test(s) might be conducted to test for blood doping?

1. Hemoglobin content 2. Hematocrit value

Which blood test(s) would be used to test for anemia?

1. Hemoglobin content 2. Hematocrit value

What will happen if the Wright's stain reacts with the smear for too long?

1. The slide will be too dark 2. The slide will be too grainy

What blood fusion transactions can kill a person?

1. Type B recipient and type A donor (a classical mismatch. Type A donated blood has anti-B antibodies which would clump the B blood cells of the recipient. Additionally, the donated type A blood cells would be clumped by the recipients anti-A antibodies. 2. Type O recipient and type AB donor. (A classical mismatch. The donated Type AB blood cells would be clumped by the recipients anti-A and anti-B antibodies).

Match the blood type and antibodies that would normally be present in a person's plasma.

1. Type O blood - Anti-A and anti-B antibodies in plasma. 2. Type A blood - Anti-B antibodies in plasma 3. Type B blood - Anti-A antibodies in plasma 4. Type AB blood - No antibodies in plasma

When sampling human blood ___

1. all material containing or having contact with blood should be disposed of in a biohazard waste bin. 2. use lancets only after disinfecting the finder tip with an alcohol swab.

A person with blood type O has ___ in their blood plasma.

1. anti-A antibodies 2. anti-B antibodies

Which blood test(s) would be used to determine if a donor's blood is compatible with the blood of a recipient?

1. blood typing

White blood cell subgroups are based on:

1. color of stained granules 2. shape and size of nucleus

Steps necessary to prepare a blood smear.

1. obtain a drop of blood and place it away from the center onto a slide. 2. take a clean slide and slide it at a 45 degree angle across the first slide to distribute the drop of blood evenly on the first slide. Let the blood dry. 3. Put a few drops of Wright's stain onto the slide. Leave the slide to dry for about 2 mins. 4. Add as much deionized water as Wright's stain onto the slide. Let the slide stand for 2-4 mins. 5. Rinse the slide with water.

What problem is most likely the case when a person has a high count of eosinophils?

1. parasitic infection 2. allergic reaction

If a sample of blood reacts with anti-A antibody and clumps, but not with anti-B antibody, this blood must be of type ____.

A

What best described what you would expect to happen if a transfusion recipient had blood type O and a donor had blood type AB?

Agglutination would occur as the recipient's antibodies bind to the donor's antigens.

How is the differential white blood cell count determined?

By counting a set number of white blood cells and noting the percentages of different types of cells.

Eosinophil

Cell full of red-pink staining granules; nucleus is bilobed (=two lobes).

Basophil

Cell is full of dark-purple staining granules; nucleus is bilobed (=two lobes).