LAB EXAM:1
390 cm
3.9 meters x 100 cm/1 m= ...... cm
10,000
DNA replication is a highly accurate process, with only 1 in ______ base pairs being incorrect.
acid
H2SO4 is considered a base or acid?
acid
H3PO4 is considered a base or acid?
base
KOH is considered a base or acid?
base
Mg(OH)2 is considered a base or acid?
false
T or F: kilo- means billionth
false
T or F: steroids composed of proteins
true
T or F: the scientific community communicates numerical info in metric, no matter what country you're from
thousand
The metric prefix "kilo" means __________.
organs
_______ consist of tissues organized to perform specific functions.
cells
_________ are the smallest unit of biological organization that can undergo the activities associated with life, like metabolism, response, and reproduction
volume
____________ is a measure of the space occupied by an object
polar... non polar
a ______ substance will not mix with a ________ substance
molecule
a ________ results from the chemical union of two or more atoms
nitrogenous base
a nucleic acts consists of a pentose sugar, phosphate group, and a _____________.
100
a polypeptide is composed of more than _____ amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
100
a solution with a pH of 4 has _____ times more H+ than a solution with a pH of 6.
7
a solution with a pH of _____ is considered neutral.
glycerol
a triglyceride consists of a __________ molecule attached to three fatty acids.
element
a(n) ________ is a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means.
other cells
according to the cell theory, cells can only come from __________.
acetic acid
acetic acid is NOT considered a(n)...?
mitochondrion
aerobic respiration in the cell takes place in the ______.
non polar R groups
alanine, glycine, and leucine are all amino acids, what do they have in common?
hydrogen (H+)
an acid is a substance that yields (donates) a ________ ion when dissolved in water.
bacillus
another name for a rod-shaped bacteria is
protons, electrons, and neutrons
atoms are composed of....
blue
bases turn litmus (pH paper) what color
blue
bases turn litmus paper (pH paper) ______.
tolerant
because the cells of multicellular organisms are highly ____________, they can perform many specialized functions.
triglycerides
fats are stored in the body as ________.
lipids
fats, waxes, and phospholipids are considered what type of organic compound?
3
for the biuret test, how many drops of biuret reagent do you need to add to each test tube?
iodine
for what test do you need to fill 11 test tubes with 2.5 mL to test for starch?
biuret
for what test do you need to fill 9 test tubes with 5 mL to test for proteins?
when two monosaccharides link together
how do polysaccharides form?
turn blue
if you dip a piece of litmus paper (pH paper) in a solution of NaOH, it will _______.
colorless
if you keep adding HCl to a solution with a pH of 8 that has phenophathalein added as an indicator, the solution would eventually become ______.
450x
if you're using a microscope with an ocular lens that magnifies at 10x (10 times somethings original size) and an objective lens with a magnification of 45x, what's the total magnification when viewing the specimen?
guanine
in DNA and RNA, cytosine always pairs with ________.
phospholipid bilayer
in order for a substance to enter an animal cell, it must first pass through the ________.
meter
in the metric system, the basic unit of linear measurement is the _____.
mRNA associates with a small ribosomal subunit
initiation of translation begins when ________.
starch
iodine is used to test for the presence of
disaccharide
maltose is a ___________.
plasmids
some bacteria have small circular fragments of DNA called __________.
valine
the 9 essential amino acids include:histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and ____________.
meter
the basic unit of measurement for length in the metric system is the
important source of cellular fuel
the characteristics of glucose include which of the following?
volume
the cubic centimeter is a unit used to express ______.
stage
the microscope platform upon which specimen slides are placed is called the ________.
bound by membranes
the nucleus and all of the organelles in a eukaryotic cell are _________.
false
the oil immersion lens, no matter what brand of microscope, always has a magnification of 100x
electronic balance
the scale we use to measure mass in a lab is called a(n)
the surface features of specimens
the scanning electron microscope (SEM) is useful for studying which of the following?
mass
the terms MASS and WEIGHT are sometimes used interchangeably but they are not the same. which is not affected by gravity?
iris diaphragm
to change the amount of light entering the objective lens, you would adjust the ________.
2 spaces to the right
to convert 1.0 micrometers to millimeters you would move the decimal point ________.
membrane-bound nucleus
unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells lack a ________.
perform higher functions
unlike unicellular organisms, multicellular organisms can __________.
alkaline
what are bases also known as?
lactobacillus acidophilus
what bacteria would you use to make yogurt
electron microscope
what do electron microscopes use to magnify a specimen?
to set the balance to zero
what does "taring" the balance mean?
it causes the DNA to precipitate out of the solution
what does alcohol do to the DNA in a strawberry?
the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things
what does the cell theory state?
increases
what happens to the field of view if you switch from the high-power objective to the low-power objective?
the NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl-
what happens when you dissolve NaCl in water?
pure water
what has a neutral pH?
hydrogen bonds
what holds the DNA together in complementary base pairs?
0ºC
what is 32ºF as celsius?
green alga volvox
what is an example of a colonial organism?
monosaccharide
what is glycogen classified as?
10x
what is the approximate magnification of the low-power objective?
A-U-C-G-U-A
what is the complementary mRNA sequence for the following portion of DNA: T-A-G-C-A-T?
200-1,000,000×
what is the magnification of the transmission electron microscope (TEM)?
nucleotide
what is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
distance between the objective lens and the specimen
what is working distance?
the information in DNA is encoded into RNA
what occurs during transcription?
nosepiece
what part of the microscope do you hold and turn to change the objective lens?
turn the nosepiece
what should you do if you want to change the objective?
peroxisome
what structure within eukaryotic cells contains enzymes that help in breaking down fatty acids and neutralizing hydrogen peroxide?
escherichia coli
what type of bacteria are you most likely to find in your cat's litter box?
graduated cylinder
what would be the most accurate way of measuring the correct amount of extraction solution?
light microscope
what's the most commonly used type of microscope in a biology lab?
0-14
what's the range of the pH scale?
polar covalent
when Na+ and HCO3- combine, they form a __________ bond.
ionic
when Na+ and HCO3- combine, they form a(n) __________ bond.
bright field
when looking through the __________ microscope, the specimen appears as a dark object against a light background.
bottom
when reading a graduated cylinder, you should read the meniscus, which is the ________ of the curve.
high-power
when using the _____ objective, you would use the coarse-adjustment knob to bring the specimen into focus.
decreases; more
when using the high-power and oil-immersion objectives, the working distance _______, so ______ light is needed.
to prevent formation of air bubbles
when you make a wet mount slide in lab, why do you hold the coverslip at a 45º before lowering onto the slide?
coarse-adjustment knob
which adjustment knob should be used with the high-power objective?
benedicts
which chemical test needs to be heated to a boil to test for reduced sugars?
benedict's test
which chemical test will we use to test for the presence of reducing sugars?
carbohydrates
which group of organic compounds contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio?
high-power
which objective would you use to search for a specimen?
AUG
which of the following codons is recognized by tRNA as the start site for translation?
condenser
which of the following components of the compound microscope is used to focus light on the specimen?
steroids
which of the following is NOT composed of proteins?
contain only single bonds between carbon atoms
which of the following is a characteristic of saturated fats?
chromatin
which of the following is contained in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
molecule, heart cell, heart tissue, heart
which of the following is the correct order of the biological levels of organization?
RNA polymerase begins unwinding the DNA at the promoter
which of the following occurs during transcription?
scanning objective
which part of the microscope is used for viewing larger specimens or searching for a specimen?
arm
which part of the microscope serves as a handle?
to the left
while looking at a specimen under a microscope, you move the slide to the right. in which direction does the image move?
the soap helps dissolve the cell membranes
why did we add 1.5 mL of dishwashing detergent to extract DNA from strawberries?
DNA repair enzymes
xeroderma pigmentosum is an example of a genetic disorder that involves ________.
absorbing excess H+
you have "heartburn," so you take an over-the-counter antacid that relieves your symptoms by _________.
7,000 micrometers
you place a translucent ruler under your microscope at low power, and the field of view measures 7 millimeters. what is the diameter of the field of view for the low-power objective?
