LAB EXAM:1

390 cm

3.9 meters x 100 cm/1 m= ...... cm

10,000

DNA replication is a highly accurate process, with only 1 in ______ base pairs being incorrect.

acid

H2SO4 is considered a base or acid?

acid

H3PO4 is considered a base or acid?

base

KOH is considered a base or acid?

base

Mg(OH)2 is considered a base or acid?

false

T or F: kilo- means billionth

false

T or F: steroids composed of proteins

true

T or F: the scientific community communicates numerical info in metric, no matter what country you're from

thousand

The metric prefix "kilo" means __________.

organs

_______ consist of tissues organized to perform specific functions.

cells

_________ are the smallest unit of biological organization that can undergo the activities associated with life, like metabolism, response, and reproduction

volume

____________ is a measure of the space occupied by an object

polar... non polar

a ______ substance will not mix with a ________ substance

molecule

a ________ results from the chemical union of two or more atoms

nitrogenous base

a nucleic acts consists of a pentose sugar, phosphate group, and a _____________.

100

a polypeptide is composed of more than _____ amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

100

a solution with a pH of 4 has _____ times more H+ than a solution with a pH of 6.

7

a solution with a pH of _____ is considered neutral.

glycerol

a triglyceride consists of a __________ molecule attached to three fatty acids.

element

a(n) ________ is a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means.

other cells

according to the cell theory, cells can only come from __________.

acetic acid

acetic acid is NOT considered a(n)...?

mitochondrion

aerobic respiration in the cell takes place in the ______.

non polar R groups

alanine, glycine, and leucine are all amino acids, what do they have in common?

hydrogen (H+)

an acid is a substance that yields (donates) a ________ ion when dissolved in water.

bacillus

another name for a rod-shaped bacteria is

protons, electrons, and neutrons

atoms are composed of....

blue

bases turn litmus (pH paper) what color

blue

bases turn litmus paper (pH paper) ______.

tolerant

because the cells of multicellular organisms are highly ____________, they can perform many specialized functions.

triglycerides

fats are stored in the body as ________.

lipids

fats, waxes, and phospholipids are considered what type of organic compound?

3

for the biuret test, how many drops of biuret reagent do you need to add to each test tube?

iodine

for what test do you need to fill 11 test tubes with 2.5 mL to test for starch?

biuret

for what test do you need to fill 9 test tubes with 5 mL to test for proteins?

when two monosaccharides link together

how do polysaccharides form?

turn blue

if you dip a piece of litmus paper (pH paper) in a solution of NaOH, it will _______.

colorless

if you keep adding HCl to a solution with a pH of 8 that has phenophathalein added as an indicator, the solution would eventually become ______.

450x

if you're using a microscope with an ocular lens that magnifies at 10x (10 times somethings original size) and an objective lens with a magnification of 45x, what's the total magnification when viewing the specimen?

guanine

in DNA and RNA, cytosine always pairs with ________.

phospholipid bilayer

in order for a substance to enter an animal cell, it must first pass through the ________.

meter

in the metric system, the basic unit of linear measurement is the _____.

mRNA associates with a small ribosomal subunit

initiation of translation begins when ________.

starch

iodine is used to test for the presence of

disaccharide

maltose is a ___________.

plasmids

some bacteria have small circular fragments of DNA called __________.

valine

the 9 essential amino acids include:histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and ____________.

meter

the basic unit of measurement for length in the metric system is the

important source of cellular fuel

the characteristics of glucose include which of the following?

volume

the cubic centimeter is a unit used to express ______.

stage

the microscope platform upon which specimen slides are placed is called the ________.

bound by membranes

the nucleus and all of the organelles in a eukaryotic cell are _________.

false

the oil immersion lens, no matter what brand of microscope, always has a magnification of 100x

electronic balance

the scale we use to measure mass in a lab is called a(n)

the surface features of specimens

the scanning electron microscope (SEM) is useful for studying which of the following?

mass

the terms MASS and WEIGHT are sometimes used interchangeably but they are not the same. which is not affected by gravity?

iris diaphragm

to change the amount of light entering the objective lens, you would adjust the ________.

2 spaces to the right

to convert 1.0 micrometers to millimeters you would move the decimal point ________.

membrane-bound nucleus

unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells lack a ________.

perform higher functions

unlike unicellular organisms, multicellular organisms can __________.

alkaline

what are bases also known as?

lactobacillus acidophilus

what bacteria would you use to make yogurt

electron microscope

what do electron microscopes use to magnify a specimen?

to set the balance to zero

what does "taring" the balance mean?

it causes the DNA to precipitate out of the solution

what does alcohol do to the DNA in a strawberry?

the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things

what does the cell theory state?

increases

what happens to the field of view if you switch from the high-power objective to the low-power objective?

the NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl-

what happens when you dissolve NaCl in water?

pure water

what has a neutral pH?

hydrogen bonds

what holds the DNA together in complementary base pairs?

0ºC

what is 32ºF as celsius?

green alga volvox

what is an example of a colonial organism?

monosaccharide

what is glycogen classified as?

10x

what is the approximate magnification of the low-power objective?

A-U-C-G-U-A

what is the complementary mRNA sequence for the following portion of DNA: T-A-G-C-A-T?

200-1,000,000×

what is the magnification of the transmission electron microscope (TEM)?

nucleotide

what is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

distance between the objective lens and the specimen

what is working distance?

the information in DNA is encoded into RNA

what occurs during transcription?

nosepiece

what part of the microscope do you hold and turn to change the objective lens?

turn the nosepiece

what should you do if you want to change the objective?

peroxisome

what structure within eukaryotic cells contains enzymes that help in breaking down fatty acids and neutralizing hydrogen peroxide?

escherichia coli

what type of bacteria are you most likely to find in your cat's litter box?

graduated cylinder

what would be the most accurate way of measuring the correct amount of extraction solution?

light microscope

what's the most commonly used type of microscope in a biology lab?

0-14

what's the range of the pH scale?

polar covalent

when Na+ and HCO3- combine, they form a __________ bond.

ionic

when Na+ and HCO3- combine, they form a(n) __________ bond.

bright field

when looking through the __________ microscope, the specimen appears as a dark object against a light background.

bottom

when reading a graduated cylinder, you should read the meniscus, which is the ________ of the curve.

high-power

when using the _____ objective, you would use the coarse-adjustment knob to bring the specimen into focus.

decreases; more

when using the high-power and oil-immersion objectives, the working distance _______, so ______ light is needed.

to prevent formation of air bubbles

when you make a wet mount slide in lab, why do you hold the coverslip at a 45º before lowering onto the slide?

coarse-adjustment knob

which adjustment knob should be used with the high-power objective?

benedicts

which chemical test needs to be heated to a boil to test for reduced sugars?

benedict's test

which chemical test will we use to test for the presence of reducing sugars?

carbohydrates

which group of organic compounds contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio?

high-power

which objective would you use to search for a specimen?

AUG

which of the following codons is recognized by tRNA as the start site for translation?

condenser

which of the following components of the compound microscope is used to focus light on the specimen?

steroids

which of the following is NOT composed of proteins?

contain only single bonds between carbon atoms

which of the following is a characteristic of saturated fats?

chromatin

which of the following is contained in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

molecule, heart cell, heart tissue, heart

which of the following is the correct order of the biological levels of organization?

RNA polymerase begins unwinding the DNA at the promoter

which of the following occurs during transcription?

scanning objective

which part of the microscope is used for viewing larger specimens or searching for a specimen?

arm

which part of the microscope serves as a handle?

to the left

while looking at a specimen under a microscope, you move the slide to the right. in which direction does the image move?

the soap helps dissolve the cell membranes

why did we add 1.5 mL of dishwashing detergent to extract DNA from strawberries?

DNA repair enzymes

xeroderma pigmentosum is an example of a genetic disorder that involves ________.

absorbing excess H+

you have "heartburn," so you take an over-the-counter antacid that relieves your symptoms by _________.

7,000 micrometers

you place a translucent ruler under your microscope at low power, and the field of view measures 7 millimeters. what is the diameter of the field of view for the low-power objective?