LabstIonic and Covalent Bonding
What's the charge of the K ion?
+1
When K+ and Cl- form an ionic bond...
... they are held together by electrostatic forces
What is the total number of valence electrons in CO2?
16
How many electrons does a Cl atom have?
17
How many electrons are shared between two Cl2 atoms?
2
How many valence electrons does C have?
4
How many valence electrons does an atom try to acquire?
8
What happens when ionic compounds dissolve in water?
Cations and anions are released into the solution.
Which of the following is insoluble in water?
Copper wire
What type of compound do you think caffeine is?
Covalent
What do connecting lines stand for in the Lewis structure?
An electron pair
Why can we measure the electric conductivity in our experiment for KCl and Substance 2?
Because charged particles are present in the solution
Why are the melting points of ionic compounds higher than covalent compounds?
Because ions are tightly packed as a crystal lattice
What's the net charge of an anion?
Negative
What type of compound is Substance 2?
Ionic
Looking at the table, which rule concerning melting behavior can you formulate?
Ionic compounds typically have a higher melting point than covalent compounds
How could you change the current state of matter of the samples?
Let's heat the samples
Looking at the periodic table, to which element classes do potassium and chlorine belong to?
Metals and non-metals
Our control KCl showed highly solubility in water. What does KCl actually stand for?
Potassium chloride
Knowing about the solubility and difference in conductivity of the two mysterious substances, which hypothesis would you formulate?
Substance 1 is a covalent compound and Substance 2 is an ionic compound.
Which of the three chemicals (Substance 1, Substance 2, and KCl) are conductive in water?
Substance 2 and KCl
Based on the melting points of both substances, in comparison with the table, what's your guess?
The mysterious substances are sodium chloride and glucose.
What information will help you chemically analyze the two mysterious substances?
They are solid and white
Why does the correct Lewis structure of Co2 involve a double bond between each of the oxygen atoms and the carbon atom?
To complete the octet for carbon