Lacks Test
a second sample of cells taken from henrietta survived in culture just like the first despite her body being contaminated with toxins normally removed in urine
false
according to laure aurealian, george gey never actually met henrietta lacks
false
cervical cancer cells normally grow from erythrocyte cells
false
george gey was diagnosed with liver cancer
false
george gey's cancer cells were cultured to become the GeGe cell line
false
henrietta's cells are useful for the study of viruses because they reproduced slow enough to watch the process in real time
false
henrietta's name became public knowledge after her family sued hopkins for taking her cells without them knowing
false
hopkins built his hospital to serve the poor, but never intended for blacks and other minorities to receive free services
false
somatic cell fusion happens when one cell eats and digests another one
false
stanley gartler discovered there was no contamination of henrietta's cells in any of the 18 most commonly used cell cultures
false
the hela cells mary cultured all died
false
the lackses trusted the doctors at Hopkins
false
the pap smear did not improve the survival rate of women diagnosed with cancer
false
the term informed consent first appeared in court documents in 1989
false
the tuskegee institute became involved in the mass production of HeLa cells to use in the syphillis study
false
what info about her mother was deborah unwilling to share with skloot?
Her medical records. It took her so long to get courage to get them and wants to protect them. They're purest evidence of what happened
in baltimore county, when is henrietta lacks day?
february 1
according to sadie, describe henrietta's decline.
her body or looks didn't fade and you could see she was sick in her eyes. she didn't say that she became bitter
why did henrietta end up being raised by her grandfather?
her father took her there after her mother died in childbirth
how did deb discover the truth about Keenan Kester cofield
hopkins medical records staff contacted richard kidwell, one of hopkins's attourneys
who was used for test subjects for southam's experiments?
people with cancer, prisoners, people with lukemia. not people with polio
what did henrietta's cells allow scientists to do for the first time?
perform experiments that would have been impossible with a living human
how was gartler able to link contamination of cell lines to henrietta's cells
the presence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-a
it was first and incorrectly reported that the HeLa cell line came from Helen Lane and the cells were cultured after she had died
true
jones realized that henrietta had been misdiagnsosed on her type of cancer when he reviewed her medical recoreds
true
neutralization test is used to determine a vaccine's efficacy by mixing blood serum from newly vaccinated children's with live polio virus and cells in culture
true
scientists fused human and animal cells to study what genes do and how they work
true
sonny lacks believed his mother's cells will be used to help others because she was always taking care of others when she was alive
true
the american type culture collection was created to create pure, uncontaminated cell cultures
true
the first time rebecca spoke with day he told her to let his old lady cells talk to her and leave him alone
true
the pap smear allows for detection of precancerous cells
true
viruses reproduce by injecting bits of their genetic material into a living cell and reprogram it to produce the virus
true
in outer space, henrietta's cells grew more powerful an divided faster
true
What reason does Deborah give for not wanting Skloot to type out Henrietta's records word-for-word?
"Everybody in the world got her cells, only thing we got of our mother is just them records and her Bible. ... I want people in our family to be the only ones who have all them records."
how are different types of cancer cells categorized?
based on the type of cells they start from
who were the common ancestors of the white and black lackses?
benjamin lacks, albert lacks
what made day change his mind and allow the autopsy to occur?
doctors told him it would possibly help his kids
what stage of cancer was henrietta's when she received her biopsy results?
1
what advice did pattillo give skloot about dealing with deborah?
don't be aggressive, do be compassionate, don't be clinical, don't talk down to her
how old was henrietta when she had her first child with day?
14
how old was lawrence when henrietta died
16
clover's population in 1998 was what?
198
how was cootie related to henrietta?
1st cousin
what percentage of women initially diagnosed with carcinoma in situ later developed invasive carcinoma?
62 percent
Explain the significance of the gift that Skloot delivered to Deborah at their first meeting?
A FISH chromosome picture of her mom's chromsomes made by a young Hopkins researcher, Christoph Lengauer, who felt bad. It shows that though he might not have been directly involved, he felt sorry for the family.
what did cofield do when he realized that the lacks family had blocked his access to their family records?
Filed a lawsuit against D, L, Courney Speed, HeLa health history museum foundation, Hopkins: president, medical records admin, archivist, Richard kidwell, grover hutchins. Acused D, S, and the foundation for breach of contract for not letting him access the docs anymore. Deb can't legally prohibit him from doing research for HeLa museum bc he'snot a member of its board of directors or officially involved with the foundation in any way. Claimed he was harassed by negro security of JH and staff at the archinves. *they had no right to any info about HeLa bc she was born Loretta Pleasant.
How are Gladys and Gary related to Deborah?
GLADYS: aunt GARY: cousin
how does HPV cause cervical cancer?
HPV inserts its DNA into the DNA of the host cell, where it produces proteins that lead to cancer. They also found that when they blocked the HPV DNA, cervical cancer cells stopped being cancerous. These discoveries would help lead to an HPV vaccine and eventually earn zur Hausen a Nobel Prize
What important misunderstanding about HeLa does Lengauer clarify for Deborah?
He clears up a few, and I don't know which ones are most important. All the cells are cancerous The difference between DNA and cell She can't inherit the cancer
Explain how Davon's heroic actions saved Deborah's life.
He slapped her face when she was fading in and out of consciousness on the way out of church
What is Gary's spiritual explanation for why Henrietta's cells lived on after her death?
It's her spiritual body referenced throughout the Bible
How did Deborah's death change the lives of her brothers?
Lawrence was $6000 in debt because of the funeral. Sonny saved up to buy a tombstone. Z stopped drinking, spends time with his family, and is positive. They don't focus on suing JH, but they still think they should get a cut of the HeLa profits.
explain the contribution that HeLa has made to research on the HIV virus and the AIDS epidemic
Molecular biologist Richard Axel infected HeLA cells with HIV. this llowed scientists to understand what was required for HIV to infect a cell, an important step to understanding and stopping the viruses
What can you infer about Elsie's treatment based on the description Skloot gives of the photograph of her?
No one took care of her or worried about her appearance (hair) Abused (eyes bruised and swollen) Sick (nose nasty)
What causes the confrontation between Deborah and Skloot?
Skloot suggests photocopying Henrietta's medial records
How does Deborah respond after Gary's prayer?
Thank you cousin I feel so light!
What is the lacks position on suing over the use of HeLa?
They don't want to impede the progress of science by stopping the research
what does zack believe about his birth?
Thinks it was a miracle; thinks she waited to go to the doctor till after she was born bc she wanted him. God didn't let him catch the tumors
Why did Deborah and Skloot travel to Crownsville?
To get Elsie's medical records. How did she die?
why did franklin salisbury jr. contact deb
Wanted to hold the National Foundation for Cancer Research's 2001 conference in Henrietta's honor. Wanted her to speak and accept a plaque
Why did Deborah decide to go back to school?
Wants to understand science so she wouldn't be scared
what motivated Pattillo to organize the HeLa cancer control symposium
When he learne d about Henrietta as a postdoctoral fellow in gey's lab, he felt immediately connected to her and wanted to honor her contributions to sciencce
what is a basic rule about biology with regards to cells?
a normal cell can only divide a finite number of times before dying
what was the biggest problem of cell cultures?
bacteria and other microorganisms could contaminate the cultures
what did henrietta's doctor first assume the source of the lump of henrietta's cervix was?
a syphilis sore
what std did henrietta contract while receiving radiation treatments?
acute gonorrhea
why did deborah choose not to request a copy of her mother's medical records?
afraid of what she might find or how it might affect her
what obstacle almsot kept deb from going to see her mom's cells?
alfred got arrested for robbing at gunpoint
the lawsuit that set a legal precedent for patenting biological products such as the cell lines was
ananda mohan chakrabarty
why wasn't skloot excited about meeting zack?
angriest and looking for revenge
Why were the hospital records from the 1950s and earlier disposed of?
asbestos
when was henrietta born?
august 1st 1920
an immortal cell line is capable of doing what?
constantly replenishing, continuously dividing to originate from one cell, never dying. not prolonging the life of a human
how does skloot finance the research for the book?
credit cards and student loans
how did deborah react after reading about her mom's death?
cried, didn't sleep, pictured her mom, angry, wondered who gave records to the reporter
why did doctors stop giving henrietta blood transfusions
deficit at the blood bank
according to State Attourney General Louis Lefkowitz, what do people have an inalienable right to?
determine what shall be done with his or her own body
how did rogers discover henrietta's real name?
from walter nelson-rees
what is informed consent?
full disclosure of facts regarding procedures
how did bobette find out about HeLa
gardenia's brother in law
who developed the pap smear/
george papanicolauo
what specific things did deborah ask skloot to promise she would do?
get her name right, 5 kids, what happened to mom and sisters, learn good and bad about her brothers
what was the purpose of the nuremberg code?
govern all human experimentation worldwide
what does cootie think about the reason the HeLa cells were used to develop a polio vaccine?
he had polio and henrietta wanted to take care of him when she was alive, but couldn't
what motivated rogers to find the lacks family?
he thought the contamination problem would make a good story
what supports the assertion that gey never personally profited from the development of HeLa?
he turned down a request to create and run the first commercial cell-culture lab. he lived in a modest home he purchased from a friend for one dollar down payment and fixed it up throughout the years
what specifically did the jewish doctors at the jewish chronic disease hospital object to southam's cancer study?
he wanted it done without consent, they knew of what the Nazis had done to jewish prisoners, and they knew about the nuremberg trials. they did not want to work with the scientists at tuskegee instead
what was cootie's real name?
hector henry
who was lillian?
henrietta's youngest sister
how was day related to henrietta?
husband and first cousin
what was chester southam concerned that henrietta's cells might do?
infect the people working with them
what does howard jones' findings about henrietta's medical records suggest about her cancer?
it had grown at a terrifying rate
what did henrietta's doctor need to ask for permission from her family to remove tissue sample after death
it was illegal to do so without consent on a corpse
what did howard jones note about henrietta's lump?
it was purple and shiny like jello. it was unlike any other he'd seen. it blend at the slightest touch.
why did david lacks take henrietta to the public wards at Hopkins instead of a closer hospital?
it was the only major hospital for miles that treated black patients
what is associated with the town of clover?
it's across the tracks from lacks town, it's on the banks of the river of death, it's just past difficult creek. it's not on in northern virginia
which of henrietta's kids did ethel beat most
joe
which is not an effect of radium? killing bacteria, causing mutations that lead to cancer, destroying any cell it encounters, burning off skin in high doses
killing bacteria
how did henrietta tell margaret and sadie she was feeling towards the end of her radiation treatments?
like the blackness was spreading inside of her
what was henrietta's birth name?
loretta pleasant
as henrietta's cancer progressed, tumors could be found where?
lungs, diaphragm, bladder. not brain
what was henrietta's final request?
make sure her children were taken care of?
who discovered radium and its ability to kill cancer cells?
marie and pierre curie
what does zack blame on henrietta's cells?
meanness. thinks it was ethel
Give three descriptors to demonstrate why it would be easy to believe the Marvel super villain, Hela, Goddess of Death, was based on Henrietta Lacks.
mixed race, part dead part living, immune to aging
What obstacle kept Deborah from realizing her dream of returning to school?
money
how long did henrietta wait between first telling her girlfriends that "something didnt feel right" and going to the doctor?
more than a year
what crime did joe commit?
murder
how did prison change joe?
muslim and less angry
when did george gey die?
november 8 1970
when did henrietta die?
october 4 1951
why are HeLa cells able to live beyond the hayflick limit?
only cells that have been transformed by a virus or a genetic mutation had the potential to become immortal. telomerase constantly rewound the ticking clock at the end of henrietta's chromosomes so they never grew old and never died. it was this immortality, and the strength with which her cells grew, that made it possible for HeLa to take over o many other culures. They simply outlived and outgrew any other cells they encountered.
what did lillian convert to?
puerto rican
what did deborah do to cheetah because he was abusive?
push him down stairs, cut him in the chest with a knife, leave him. she didn't kill him
how was invasive carcinoma treated?
radium
where was henrietta born?
roanoke, VA
how did bobette respond to deborah's pregnancy?
she cried
what does pattillo tell skloot about elsei lacks?
she died at age 15 and had epilepsy
what did jones find interesting about henrietta's medical history?
she had a term baby and 6-week check-up at the hospital but there was no mention of any abnormality of the cervix
Give two reasons you can tell that Elsie's photograph and autopsy are deeply troubling to Deborah?
she stares at it all night occasionally says sad things about her observations
what did mary, gey's assistant, realize when she saw henrietta's painted toenails
she was a real person
what happened when the family started to bury henrietta?
sky turned black, metal roof from the barn flew across the gate, and her cousin was thrown from his house and killed when it landed on top of him in the storm. there wasn't an earthquake
according to henrietta's cousin cliff, what is beautiful about the idea of slaveowning white lackses being buried under their black kin?
spending eternity in the same place
where does cootie think henrietta's cancer could have come from?
spirit-made, voodoo, man-made. not having multiple STDs
explain the hayflick limit
the number of times cells can divide. he published a paper in 1961 showing that normal cells reach their limit when they're divided about 50 times
what did cootie say as henrietta's body passed by
sweet jesus, let the poor woman rest. she's had enough
where did gey send henrietta's cells?
texas, amsterdam, and india. not tuskegee
After witnessing the amount o physical and emotional anguish that Deborah is in, Gary begins to preach and lay hands on Deborah. a. What burdens does he ask to be lifted from Deborah? b. Where does he ask the burden to be placed?
the cells' burden (the stress they cause) Rebecca
Why was Deborah unable to attend the National Foundation for Cancer Research's Henrietta Lacks conference in New York?
the terror attacks on 9/11/01
what unique qualities did henrietta's cells have that allowed it to contaminate cultures without researchers being aware?
they could float on dust particles, they could travel through the ventilation system, they could travel on unwashed hands and testubes
what are characteristics of henrietta's cells that made them ideal for use in the polio vaccine?
they don't need a glass surface to grow on, they are more susceptible to the virus than any cell ever cultured before, and they lack anchorage dependency. they did not lack a nucleus
henrietta's cells are like normal cells how?
they produce proteins, they communicate with one another, and they are susceptible to infections. they don't obey checkpoints
henrietta's doctor failed to tell her that cancer treatments would leave her infertile
true
henry harris and john watkins discovered internal signals that regulated genes of cells in 1965 by using cell fusion
true
what is true of the supreme court of California's decision regarding the moore lawsuit?
tissues left in a doctor's office or lab is abandoned as waste and researchers should disclose financial interest in patient tissues though no law requires it. it was NOT moore's duty to dispose of his waste or it became the property of the hospital or lab
why did Ted Slavin start essential biologicals
to allow people with valuable blood to profit from the research done
how did doctors justify using patients in public hospital wards as medical research subjects without obtaining their consent or offering them financial compensation?
to compensate for being treated for free
why did zack decide to participate in research studies at hopkins?
to get a place to stay and money
why did researchers want DNA samples from henrietta's family
to test for genetic markers to positively identify HeLa cells
why did the lacks family think the doctors were taking their blood?
to test for the cancer gene
cervical carcinomas are either invasive or noninvasive
true
dr telinde believed carcinoma in situ was an early stage of invasive carcinoma
true
what was the official cause of henrietta's death?
uremia
where does skloot realize she needs to go after watching the bbc documentary?
visit henrietta's cousins in clover
what is benevolent deception?
when doctors withhold fundamental info from their parents
Why do you think Deborah tells Skloot that she "just witnessed a miracle?"
zack was polite and thankful
