L&B FINAL Ch. 3
103. In a standard CER procedure, the CR is a. lever pressing. b. a flexion response. c. a fixed action pattern. d. the covert response of fear.
D
110. If we wanted to associate a tone with an electric shock, we would first present the tone, and then, while it is still on, present a brief shock. This type of conditioning procedure is called _____ conditioning. a. backward b. trace c. simultaneous d. delayed
D
116. The offset of the US precedes the offset of the CS with no overlap. This statement describes a(n)_____ conditioning procedure. a. trace b. delayed c. Both a and b are correct. d. Neither a nor b is correct.
D
117. In which of the following conditioning procedures would a memory impairment be most problematic? a. Delayed conditioning b. Inhibitory conditioning c. Simultaneous conditioning d. Trace conditioning
D
119. The onset of one stimulus occurs at the same moment as the onset of another. This describes a _____ conditioning procedure. a. backward b. delayed c. trace d. simultaneous
D
12. Many of the simpler reflexes are activated through a(n) a. engram. b. neural circuit in the hippocampus. c. neural circuit in the cerebellum. d. reflex arc.
D
124. Which of the following can sometimes result in inhibitory conditioning? a. A tone followed by a shock b. A shock followed by a tone followed by a shock c. A tone followed by a shock followed by a tone d. A shock followed by a tone
D
127. In which type of conditioning procedure is the US presented first and the NS presented later? a. Simultaneous conditioning b. Trace conditioning c. Delayed conditioning d. Backward conditioning
D
2. Behaviors that are automatically drawn out by the stimuli that precede them are called _____ behaviors. a. smart b. operant c. conditioned d. elicited
D
23. A _____ is a specific stimulus that elicits a fixed action pattern. a. releaser b. sign stimulus c. conditioned stimulus d. Both a and b are correct.
D
37. Wesley finds that the creaking sound of chalk on a blackboard sends shivers down his spine. Moreover, the longer the sound persists, the more aversive it becomes. This scenario is as an example of a. dishabituation. b. disinhibition. c. habituation. d. sensitization.
D
42. The process of _____ tends to _____. a. habituation; be more stimulus specific b. sensitization; generalize to other stimuli c. habituation; generalize to other stimuli d. Both a and b are correct.
D
47. The reappearance of a habituated response to a stimulus following the presentation of a seemingly irrelevant novel stimulus is called a. disinhibition. b. sensitization. c. delayed sensitization. d. dishabituation.
D
49. Which of the following low-intensity stimuli would be most difficult to habituate to, and why? a. The sight of a mosquito due to common bug phobias (that you do not have) b. The humming of an air-conditioner because it is not a natural sound c. The sound of running water because it is a natural sound d. A buzzing mosquito because it is a natural threat
D
51. From an evolutionary perspective, what function does habituation serve? a. Habituation allows us to focus on currently relevant stimuli. b. Habituation allows us to ignore irrelevant stimuli. c. Habituation enhances our fight-or-flight responses. d. Both a and b are correct.
D
55. According to the opponent-process theory of emotion, the _____ is elicited by the _____. a. a-process; emotional event b. a-process; b-process c. b-process; a-process d. Both a and c are correct.
D
57. If the a-process tends to decrease body temperature, then the b-process will attempt to a. again decrease body temperature. b. first increase and then decrease body temperature. c. first decrease and then increase body temperature. d. increase body temperature.
D
59. According to the opponent-process theory, a. the b-process is quick to increase and slow to decrease. b. the a-process is slow to increase and slow to decrease. c. the b-process is quick to increase and quick to decrease. d. the b-process is slow to increase and slow to decrease.
D
65. According to the opponent-process theory, in an abusive relationship, the "honeymoon phase" that often follows an abusive episode a. is representative of the a-process. b. is representative of the b-process. c. will grow stronger with repeated instances of abuse. d. Both b and c are correct.
D
68. Classical conditioning is also known as a. Pavlovian conditioning. b. respondent conditioning. c. operant conditioning. d. Both a and b are correct.
D
70. Conditioning a rat to display a flexion response to a flash of light is an example of a. operant conditioning. b. respondent conditioning. c. classical conditioning. d. Both b and c are correct.
D
71. At about the same time that Pavlov began investigating classical conditioning in Russia, an American named _____ was also investigating it. a. William James b. John B. Watson c. D. L. Humstead d. E. B. Twitmyer
D
75. In his early investigations, Pavlov noted that a dry, inedible substance placed in a dog's mouth elicited a a. small amount of slimy saliva. b. large amount of slimy saliva. c. small amount of watery saliva. d. large amount of watery saliva.
D
76. Pavlov noted that sand in a dog's mouth tended to elicit a a. small amount of slimy saliva. b. large amount of slimy saliva. c. small amount of watery saliva. d. large amount of watery saliva.
D
78. In Pavlov's basic classical conditioning procedure, the sound of a metronome was originally a(n) _____ since it did not elicit salivation. a. unconditioned stimulus b. neutral response c. conditioned stimulus d. neutral stimulus
D
81. In Pavlov's basic classical conditioning procedure, salivating in response to the sound of a metronome is a(n) a. unconditioned stimulus. b. unconditioned response. c. conditioned stimulus. d. conditioned response.
D
82. Seema once received a shock while plugging in her toaster and is now quite fearful each time she uses it. In this example, the toaster was originally a(n) _____ stimulus with respect to fear. a. prepared b. unconditioned c. conditioned d. neutral
D
95. In _____ conditioning, the _____ is an event that is usually considered pleasant or satisfying. a. excitatory; conditioned stimulus b. excitatory; unconditioned stimulus c. appetitive; conditioned stimulus d. appetitive; unconditioned stimulus
D
99. The suppression ratio consists of the number of _____ divided by the number of _____. a. CS responses; US responses b. CS responses; pre-CS responses c. pre-CS responses; CS responses plus pre-CS responses d. CS responses; CS responses plus pre-CS responses
D
91. The flexion response that happens when you step on a tack is a(n) ______ while the experience of the tack piercing your foot is a(n) ______. a. unconditioned response; unconditioned stimulus b. conditional response; conditioned stimulus c. unconditioned stimulus; conditional response d. conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
A
16. A reflex arc consists of the activation of a(n) _____ (in that order). a. sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron b. motor neuron, interneuron, and sensory neuron c. sensory neuron, motor neuron, and interneuron d. interneuron, sensory neuron, and motor neuron
A
1.The word elicited refers to behaviors that are largely a. automatic. b. voluntary. c. covert. d. unconscious
A
10. Many reflexes are closely tied to a. survival. b. olfactory behavior. c. play behavior. d. social interaction.
A
101. A rat emits 10 responses during the CS period and 40 responses during the pre-CS period, yielding a suppression ratio of _____. a. .2 b. .25 c. .3 d. .8
A
104. The association of a neutral stimulus (NS) with the presentation of an unconditioned stimulus (US) is known as _____ conditioning. a. excitatory b. inhibitory c. appetitive d. aversive
A
79. In Pavlov's basic classical conditioning procedure, the food is a(n) a. unconditioned stimulus. b. unconditioned response. c. conditioned stimulus. d. neutral stimulus.
A
85. Josie's best friend started making fun of her clothes at school. Now when Josie sees her best friend, she feels anxious. In this example, her concern about being made fun of is a(n) _____ response. a. conditioned b. neutral c. unconditioned d. prepared
A
87. A(n) _____ stimulus is a stimulus that elicits a certain response because it has been associated with some other stimulus. a. conditioned b. neutral c. unconditioned d. prepared
A
92. Tamsen once became ill while riding in the backseat of a car. Now, whenever she rides in the backseat of a car, she feels nauseous. Riding in the backseat is now a(n) _____ for nausea. a. conditioned stimulus b. unconditioned stimulus c. unconditioned response d. conditioned response
A
98. A man remains still as a snake slithers by. Which of the following procedures does this statement illustrate? a. The conditioned suppression paradigm b. Inhibitory conditioning c. Trace conditioning d. The appetitive conditioning procedure
A
100. A rat emits 25 responses during the CS period and 25 responses during the pre-CS period, yielding a suppression ratio of _____. a. 1.0 b. .5 c. 0 d. .25
B
105. The association of an NS with the removal of a US is known as _____ conditioning. a. excitatory b. inhibitory c. appetitive d. aversive
B
118. Mary momentarily sees a wasp fly behind her. A second later, she feels a sting in the back of her neck. Mary is now afraid of wasps. This scenario is an example of _____ conditioning. a. backward b. trace c. delayed d. simultaneous
B
128. Which type of conditioning procedure can sometimes result in conditioning of an inhibitory response? a. Delayed conditioning b. Backward conditioning c. Simultaneous conditioning d. Trace conditioning
B
13. When we quickly withdraw our hands from a sharp object, we do so because of messages that are a. sent through the cerebellum and then routed through the amygdala. b. routed directly through the spinal cord with no involvement of the brain. c. sent through the hippocampus and then routed through the thalamus. d. sent through the amygdala and then routed through the thalamus.
B
15. Which of the following reflexes in a newborn disappear in the baby within a few years? a. The orienting reflex b. The sucking reflex c. The milk-let-down reflex d. Both b and c are correct.
B
19. The _____ response involves the automatic removal of a hand or foot from a sharp or hot object, while the _____ response is a bodily movement designed to facilitate attending to a stimulus a. orienting; flexion b. flexion; orienting c. flexion; startle d. startle; flexion
B
21. A dog indicating its desire to play by wagging its tail is an example of a. a reflex arc. b. a fixed action pattern. c. adjunctive behavior. d. operant behavior.
B
22. The inborn tendency of a dog to scratch dirt after it urinates is an example of a(n) a. reflex arc. b. fixed action pattern. c. conditioned response. d. operant response.
B
30. A decrease in the strength of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus is known as a. sensitization b. habituation c. inhibition d. dishabituation
B
33. Becoming increasingly irritated during a play because the person next to you keeps sniffling is an example of a. habituation. b. sensitization. c. classical conditioning. d. disinhibition.
B
34. A weakening of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus refers to _____, while a strengthening of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus refers to _____. a. sensitization; habituation b. habituation; sensitization c. an orienting response; a flexion response d. a flexion response; an orienting response
B
38. In general, a(n) _____ stimulus results in _____. a. intense; habituation b. moderate; sensitization followed by habituation c. weak; sensitization d. Both a and c are correct.
B
39. A very faint vibration (as in a moving car) is likely to result in _____, while an extremely strong vibration (as in an earthquake) is likely to result in _____. a. sensitization; habituation b. habituation; sensitization c. sensitization; disinhibition d. habituation; dishabituation
B
4. Yelping in reaction to stubbing your toe is an example of a(n) _____ behavior. a. instrumental b. elicited c. conditioned d. operant
B
112. The time between the onset of the NS and the onset of the US is called the a. reinforcement interval. b. trace interval. c. interstimulus interval d. preparatory interval
C
120. Which type of conditioning procedure involves the closest possible contiguity between the NS and the US? a. Delayed conditioning b. Trace conditioning c. Simultaneous conditioning d. Both a and b are correct
C
121. In trying to associate a tone with an electric shock, we present the tone at exactly the same time as the shock. This type of procedure is called _____ conditioning. a. backward b. trace c. simultaneous d. parallel
C
125. Which conditioning procedure has traditionally been regarded as the least effective procedure for conditioning, especially with respect to conditioning of an excitatory response? a. Delayed conditioning b. Trace conditioning c. Backward conditioning d. Parallel conditioning
C
14. Newborns tend to display a. few basic reflexes. b. several reflexes that grow stronger throughout childhood. c. some reflexes that disappear within a few years. d. pseudo-reflexes only.
C
17. Reflexes that are controlled by a reflex arc are very _____ because the neural impulses controlling it _____. a. intense; are very strong b. quick; are very strong c. quick; bypass the brain d. intense; are integrated at the level of the thalamus
C
18. The _____ response is a defensive reaction to an unexpected stimulus, while the _____ response involves the automatic removal of a hand or foot from a sharp or hot object. a. orienting; flexion b. flexion; startle c. startle; flexion d. orienting; startle
C
25. Fixed action patterns are sometimes also called a. conditioned responses. b. reflex arcs. c. species-specific behaviors. d. flexion responses.
C
26. During the spring, an animal engages in a stereotypic dance sequence whenever it sees a female. The female is best described as a ______, while the dance sequence is a ______. a. sign stimulus; reflex response b. sensitizing stimulus; reflex response c. sign stimulus; fixed action pattern d. sensitizing stimulus; fixed action pattern
C
28. Shock-elicited aggression in rats a. cannot be modified by experience. b. is a learned behavior pattern. c. is more likely to occur in rats that have been trained to be aggressive than those that have not. d. habituates very quickly with repeated shocks and is not variable.
C
3. Flinching in response to a gunshot is an example of a(n) _____ behavior a. operant b. conditioned c. elicited d. instrumental
C
35. When workers down the street began using a jackhammer, a dog in the surrounding area reacted with fright at the unusual noise. An hour later, however, it was fast asleep, though the noise level remained the same. This is an example of a. dishabituation. b. disinhibition. c. habituation. d. sensitization.
C
43. The process of _____ tends to _____. a. sensitization; be stimulus specific b. habituation; generalize to other stimuli c. sensitization; generalize to other stimuli d. Both a and b are correct.
C
50. Under what conditions would you expect to be able to habituate more readily to a loud stimulus but not a quiet one? a. If the loud stimulus is novel and the quiet stimulus is well-known b. If the loud stimulus is natural and the quiet stimulus is artificial c. If the quiet stimulus is dangerous and the loud stimulus is safe d. If the quiet stimulus is natural and the loud stimulus is artificial
C
52. You hate having your teeth drilled at the dentist's office. According to the opponent-process theory, your heart rate will likely _____ during the drilling. Directly following the drilling, your heart rate will likely _____. a. rise above normal; return to normal b. rise above normal; stay above normal c. rise above normal; drop below normal d. drop below normal; return to normal
C
54. According to the opponent-process theory, following your recovery from a period of sickness, you may feel a. still worse than normal. b. normal. c. better than normal. d. somewhat angry.
C
58. According to the opponent-process theory, a. the b-process correlates closely with the emotional event. b. the a-process mimics the b-process. c. the a-process correlates closely with the presence of the emotional event. d. Both a and b are correct.
C
6. Which of the following would be considered a reflex? a. A child avoids a dog that has bitten him. b. A student studies for long hours to earn a high grade in a course. c. A dog pricks up its ears at the sound of a car. d. A cat steps on a treadle to open a gate.
C
61. When I see bullies, my feeling of fear is strongest almost immediately after seeing them. This is because a. the b-process is strongest at the outset. b. the a-process is not yet strong enough to moderate the b-process. c. the b-process is not yet strong enough to moderate the a-process. d. the effects of the a- and b-processes are at that point additive.
C
7. Catching a glimpse of a familiar individual out of the corner of your eye is likely to result in a(n) a. fixed action pattern. b. flexion response. c. orienting response. d. startle response.
C
73. During his study of the digestive process, Pavlov noted that the _____ of saliva could vary depending on the type of substance placed in a dog's mouth. a. quantity b. quality c. Both a and b are correct. d. Neither a nor b is correct.
C
80. In Pavlov's basic classical conditioning procedure, the sound of a metronome becomes a(n) _____ after conditioning. a. unconditioned stimulus b. instigating stimulus c. conditioned stimulus d. reflexive stimulus
C
84. Svitlana once received a bite while holding her hamster and is now quite fearful each time she holds it. In this example, the act of holding the hamster has become a(n) _____ stimulus. a. neutral b. unconditioned c. conditioned d. prepared
C
86. A(n) _____ stimulus is a stimulus that naturally elicits a response. a. conditioned b. neutral c. unconditioned d. prepared
C
88. The conditioned response (CR) is _____ the unconditioned response (UR). a. always identical to b. rarely similar to c. often similar to d. quite different from
C
89. In general, the unconditioned response (UR) is _____ the conditioned response (CR). a. identical to b. weaker than c. stronger than d. less intense than
C
9. The startle response is a defensive reaction to a(n) a. familiar stimulus. b. auditory stimulus. c. unexpected stimulus. d. sign stimulus.
C
90. The conditioned response (CR) is often a. identical to the unconditioned response (UR). b. identical to the unconditioned stimulus (US). c. similar to the unconditioned response (UR). d. more intense than the conditioned stimulus (CS).
C
93. In general, pleasant stimuli are used in _____ conditioning procedures, while unpleasant stimuli are used in _____ conditioning procedures. a. aversive; appetitive b. excitatory; inhibitory c. appetitive; aversive d. inhibitory; excitatory
C
94. In _____ conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (US) is an event that is usually considered pleasant or satisfying. a. inhibitory b. excitatory c. appetitive d. imperative
C
97. "Everyone on Main Street suddenly fell silent when the outlaw Jesse James rode into town." This statement is analogous to the _____ procedure in classical conditioning. a. inhibitory conditioning b. appetitive conditioning c. conditioned suppression d. conditioned inhibition
C
106. Kandis loves Aunt Edna's desserts and salivates more than normal when she visits her. This is an example of _____ conditioning. Kandis salivates less than normal when her health-conscious sister is present, since Aunt Edna never serves dessert at those times. This is an example of _____ conditioning. a. excitatory; inhibitory b. inhibitory; excitatory c. appetitive; excitatory d. aversive; appetitive
A
107. Feeling safe while walking your vicious dog through a dangerous neighborhood is an example of a. inhibitory conditioning. b. excitatory conditioning. c. blocking. d. desensitization.
A
11. Stepping on a nail is likely to result in a(n) a. flexion response. b. orienting response. c. sign stimulus. d. fixed action pattern.
A
113. Which type of NS-US arrangement is most likely to result in effective conditioning? a. Delayed conditioning b. Trace conditioning c. Backward conditioning d. Simultaneous conditioning
A
114. Which type of conditioning procedure is often the best arrangement for conditioning? a. Delayed conditioning b. Trace conditioning c. Simultaneous conditioning d. Backward conditioning
A
115. The onset and offset of the NS precedes the onset of the US. This statement describes a _____ conditioning procedure. a. trace b. delayed c. simultaneous d. backward
A
122. In a backward conditioning procedure, the _____ precedes the _____. a. US; NS b. NS; CS c. CS; UR d. NS; US
A
123. In a conditioning procedure, we first present a shock followed by a tone. This is an example of a _____ conditioning procedure, which is _____ to be effective. a. backward; least likely b. trace; most likely c. simultaneous; least likely d. delayed; least likely
A
126. I feel a bite and then see the dog that bit me. This is an example of a _____ conditioning procedure. a. backward b. delayed c. trace d. parallel
A
20. A _____ is a set sequence of responses elicited by a specific stimulus. a. fixed action pattern b. releaser c. reflex arc d. flexion response
A
24. The _____ stimulus for a male stickleback's aggressive actions is not the presence of the other male but the sight of its red underbelly. a. sign b. reflex c. conditioned d. modal
A
27. Which of the following is illustrated by a deer's tendency to run in a zigzag manner when being pursued by a predator? a. A fixed action pattern b. A reflex arc c. Both a and b are correct. d. Neither a nor b is correct.
A
29. Fixed action patterns have evolved to help animals cope with certain aspects of their environment which, throughout the animals' evolutionary history, have a. remained largely consistent. b. been associated with social interaction. c. been subjected to sudden changes. d. been subjected to catastrophic changes.
A
31. An increase in the strength of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus is known as a. sensitization b. habituation c. inhibition d. dishabituation
A
32. The more you clap your hands, the more excited your dog becomes. This scenario is an example of a. sensitization b. habituation c. dishabituation d. disinhibition
A
36. The more often you try to attract your cat's attention, the less attention it pays to you. This scenario is an example of a. habituation. b. disinhibition. c. sensitization. d. compensatory processing.
A
40. Becoming accustomed to the ongoing sound of a fan during a three-hour period one afternoon is an example of a. short-term habituation. b. long-term habituation. c. dishabituation. d. short-term dishabituation.
A
45. The _____ effect refers to the enhanced sexual arousal displayed by the males of some species when presented with _____. a. Coolidge; different females b. Kennedy; different females c. Kennedy; releasing stimuli d. Coolidge; releasing stimuli
A
48. In general, you should find it easier to habituate to a _____ than to a _____. a. low-intensity stimulus; high-intensity stimulus b. high-intensity stimulus; low-intensity stimulus c. sting; noise d. high pitch sound; low pitch sound
A
53. According to the opponent-process theory, an event which produces a strong feeling of happiness is likely to be followed by a. a period of unhappiness. b. a brief period of mild happiness. c. a lingering period of mild happiness. d. an immediate return to one's normal emotions.
A
60. According to the opponent-process theory, the duration of the _____ tends to _____ with repeated presentations of the emotional event. a. b-process; increase b. a-process; increase c. b-process; decrease d. Both b and c are correct.
A
62. According to the opponent-process theory, which of the following takes place with repeated presentations of an emotional event? a. The b-process increases in both strength and duration. b. The b-process decreases in both strength and duration. c. The a-process decreases in duration but increases in strength. d. The a-process increases in both strength and duration.
A
66. In _____, a stimulus comes to elicit a response because it has been paired with another stimulus. a. classical conditioning b. habituation c. operant conditioning d. sensitization
A
69. Another term for classical conditioning is a. respondent conditioning. b. operant conditioning. c. elicited conditioning. d. instrumental conditioning.
A
72. Who among the following is generally credited with the first systematic investigations into classical conditioning? a. Ivan Pavlov b. B. F. Skinner c. E. B. Twitmyer d. Clark Hull
A
74. In his early investigations, Pavlov noted that a moist, edible substance placed in a dog's mouth elicited a a. small amount of slimy saliva. b. large amount of slimy saliva. c. small amount of watery saliva. d. large amount of watery saliva.
A
41. When you first move to your new home, you are quite bothered by the sound of aircrafts taking off from the military base nearby. After a few weeks, however, it does not bother you anymore. This scenario is an example of a. short-term habituation. b. long-term habituation. c. dishabituation. d. long-term dishabituation.
B
44. The Coolidge effect refers to the tendency of males of certain species to become more sexually aroused a. with repeated presentations of the same female. b. with presentations of different females. c. following an aggressive incident. d. following exposure to a pheromone.
B
5. A(n) _____ is a relatively simple, involuntary response to a stimulus a. fixed action pattern b. reflex c. operant d. conditioned response
B
56. According to the opponent-process theory of emotion, the purpose of the b-process is to a. indicate when learning has occurred. b. counteract the a-process. c. facilitate the emotional event. d. facilitate the a-process.
B
63. According to the opponent-process theory, which of the following is likely to happen with repeated presentations of a stimulus that evokes a strong emotional response? a. The a-process will last longer and become more intense. b. The b-process will last longer and become more intense. c. The a-process will become shorter in duration as well as more intense. d. The b-process will become shorter in duration as well as more intense.
B
64. Many adventure sports, like snowboarding and parasailing, have become quite popular with many people. Which of the following partially accounts for this? a. The processes of resensitization b. The opponent-process theory of emotion c. The processes of dishabituation d. Conditioned desensitization
B
67. In _____, two stimuli are paired together with the result that one of the stimuli comes to elicit a response that it did not originally elicit. a. dishabituation b. classical conditioning c. sensitization d. operant conditioning
B
77. Pavlov began to devote more and more resources to the study of salivary conditioning in dogs a. after noting that the conditioning seemed to mysteriously come and go. b. after research confirmed that these secretions could be accurately measured. c. after he won the Nobel Prize for this discovery. d. when he realized its importance for the study of psychoanalysis.
B
8. The _____ response is a defensive reaction to a sudden, unexpected stimulus. a. orienting b. startle c. flexion d. reflex arc
B
83. Seema once received a shock while plugging in her toaster and is now quite anxious each time she uses it. In this example, the shock is a(n) _____ stimulus. a. neutral b. unconditioned c. conditioned d. prepared
B
96. Feeling strongly attracted to a person following some romantic encounters is an example of _____ conditioning. a. inhibitory b. appetitive c. aversive d. imperative
B
46. During an exam, Vinita eventually stopped noticing that the student next to her was repeatedly sniffling. At one point, however, the lights in the room went off, after which she again noticed the sniffling. The reappearance of her reaction to the sniffling is as an example of a. sensitization. b. habituation. c. dishabituation. d. disinhibition.
C
102. In a suppression ratio, a value of _____ indicates _____ of the behavior. a. .5; total suppression b. 1; no suppression c. 0; total suppression d. .5; partial suppression
C
108. Amanda likes another student in her psychology class. To encourage a potential suitor, Amanda begins smiling and waving at him whenever she sees him on campus. From then on, Amanda's admirer always associates Amanda with friendly behavior. This is an example of a. inhibitory conditioning b. trace conditioning. c. excitatory conditioning d. appetitive conditioning
C
109. Little Joey always feels particularly safe whenever he sees a teacher monitoring what is happening on the playground. This is as an example of _____ conditioning. a. temporal b. excitatory c. inhibitory d. spontaneous
C
111. Tom watches as a wasp lands on his arm and stings him. As a result, Tom is now afraid of wasps. This scenario is an example of _____ conditioning. a. backward b. trace c. delayed d. simultaneous
C
