Landforms Quiz 4

22. Which of the following countries is noted for its spectacular tower karst? a. Russia b. the United States c. China d. France

c. China

30. The radio telescope in Arecibo is set in a landscape formed by chemical weathering processes. a. True b. False

a. True

17. Oxidation can produce a. limestone. b. hematite. c. salt. d. gypsum.

b. hematite.

26. Soil thickness will decrease when soil production rates are greater than soil erosion rates. a. True b. False

b. False

28. Physical weathering dominates in warm, wet climates. a. True b. False

b. False

5. In reality, a landscape behaves as a. a closed system. b. an open system. c. an evolutionary model changing in a sequence of stages that is the same everywhere on Earth. d. a closed system in terms of energy and an open system in terms of matter.

b. an open system.

7. Which portions of a slope overlap substantially? a. waxing slope and waning slope b. waxing slope and free face c. free face and debris slope d. debris slope and waning slope

d. debris slope and waning slope

20. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? a. Krs Plateau - Yugoslavia b. developed karst - about 15 percent of Earth's land area c. limestone - at least 80 percent calcium carbonate content d. developed karst - patterns of joints in granite

d. developed karst - patterns of joints in granite

27. Iron oxidation produces red and yellow stains on rocks. a. True b. False

a. True

29. Carbonation describes those chemical weathering processes that transform minerals containing calcium, magnesium, and others into carbonates. a. True b. False

a. True

12. The large sheets of rock that break off batholiths, such as Half Dome in Yosemite National Park, develop as a result of a. exfoliation. b. mineral expansion. c. salt crystal growth. d. frost wedging.

a. exfoliation.

13. Many of the Native American dwellings at Mesa Verde and elsewhere in the western United States. are located under overhangs that form along the contact between permeable and impermeable rock layers. These overhangs (niches) were primarily created by what process? a. exfoliation b. salt-crystal growth c. hydrolysis d. frost wedging e. carbonic acid solution

b. salt-crystal growth

24. A slow persistent mass movement of surface soil is called a. a debris avalanche. b. soil creep. c. a soil slide. d. a rockfall.

b. soil creep.

21. The material from which stalactites and other cave formations develop is derived from a. halite that was dissolved from the overlying rock as groundwater flowed through it and then precipitated when the water evaporated. b. various types of gases in the cave, which sublimate to form a solid. c. calcite that was dissolved from the overlying rock as groundwater flowed through it and then precipitated when the water evaporated. d. calcite that sublimates from air trapped within the cave when temperatures fall below a certain level-about -10°C. e. phosphates that were carried into the cave by groundwater and then precipitated as the groundwater evaporated.

c. calcite that was dissolved from the overlying rock as groundwater flowed through it and then precipitated when the water evaporated.

23. Which of the following occurred on the west face of Nevado Huascaran in Peru in 1962 and again in 1970? a. a massive translational slide b. massive rock falls c. debris avalanches devastated the towns below. d. a massive rotational slump sent water from a reservoir down the canyon to inundate a town. e. the towns at the base were covered by solifluction.

c. debris avalanches devastated the towns below.

25. In 1973, part of the flat ground on which a subdivision was located became saturated and began to flow toward the Saint Lawrence River at speeds of up to 26 kmph (16 mph). The ground that flowed consisted of silts and clays-not large, rocky regolith. What type of mass wasting event was this? a. debris avalanche b. soil creep c. earthflow d. lahar

c. earthflow

11. The dramatic domes and arch-shaped features found in granitic mountain masses result from a. solution processes. b. frost-wedging. c. pressure-release jointing, and sheeting. d. spheroidal weathering.

c. pressure-release jointing, and sheeting.

14. Hydrolysis involves a. no actual chemical change in minerals. b. water being added to a mineral leading to swelling and stress in rock. c. water reacting with minerals. d. hydraulic action of water between rocks.

c. water reacting with minerals.

10. Other than the rock itself, the most important chemical substance needed for the majority of weathering processes is a. oxygen. b. nitrogen. c. water. d. carbon dioxide.

c. water.

15. Which of the following is true of hydrolysis? a. It involves silicate minerals. b. It involves the chemical reaction of water with a mineral. c. It can produce clays. d. All of these are true. e. Only It involves silicate minerals and It involves the chemical reaction of water with a mineral are true.

d. All of these are true.

9. The rate at which rocks weather depends upon a. the climate of an area. b. the type of rock. c. the amount of vegetation in an area. d. All of these. e. the climate of an area and the type of rock only.

d. All of these.

19. Which of the following is not necessary for well-developed karst to develop? a. high proportion of calcium carbonate in the rock b. joints in rock of low permeability c. vegetation d. arid conditions

d. arid conditions

4. Which of the following is not exogenic in nature? a. weathering b. erosion c. denudation d. batholith formation e. mass wasting

d. batholith formation

8. Which of the following is true of joints? a. Joints are small, localized fault planes along which movement occurs. b. Joints enable more water to move through the ground. c. Joints enhance the rate of weathering. d. All of these are true. e. Only Joints enable more water to move through the ground and Joints enhance the rate of weathering are true.

e. Only Joints enable more water to move through the ground and Joints enhance the rate of weathering are true.

18. Concrete that is buried below the ground will usually weather faster than that above ground. This is because a. carbonic acid solution attacks the concrete. b. water is more abundant in the soil. c. exfoliation is more likely to occur below ground level. d. All of these are true. e. carbonic acid solution attacks the concrete and water is more abundant in the soil are true.

e. carbonic acid solution attacks the concrete and water is more abundant in the soil are true.

6. Because the climate of a region slowly changes and tectonic adjustments slowly occur, the landscape a. is constantly at a threshold condition. b. is continuously adjusting to new conditions that develop. c. is usually in a state of dynamic equilibrium. d. All of these e. is continuously adjusting to new conditions that develop and is usually in a state of dynamic equilibrium only

e. is continuously adjusting to new conditions that develop and is usually in a state of dynamic equilibrium only

16. The yellow-red stains that occur on some rock surfaces are the result of __________ which is a form of __________ weathering. a. hydration; physical b. hydration; chemical c. solution; chemical d. oxidation; physical e. oxidation; chemical

e. oxidation; chemical