L&L Quiz 2 Testing
What is an example of a patterned elicitation?
"you dig with a shovel, you eat with a fork, you write with a ______"
What should the TTR of 3-8 years olds be?
.45-.50
R= ____ or higher represents high reliability
.90 (must be .80 but .90 or higher is best)
What are 3 examples of bound morphemes?
1. +s 2. 's 3. -ed
What are the semantic relations of two word sentences?
1. Agent+action- Daddy throw! 2. Action+Object- Throw ball
What are 5 of the 10 semantic relations?
1. Agent- performer of the action; subject 2. Action- verbs 3. Locative- place 4. Attribute or modifie- adjective 5. Object
What are the 6 cues of a dynamic assessment?
1. General statement 2. Elicitation Question 3. Close or sentence completion 4. Indirect model 5. Direct model- Evoking spontaneous imitation without a direct cue (dog walk. dog walk) 6. Direct model- Plus elicitation statement (tell me, dog walk. dog walk)
What are the three phases of ELIS?
1. Imitation Phase 2. Conversation Phase 3. Play Phase
Language Learning Disability (LLD) children with a TTR of .45 and below use what 5 language patterns?
1. The same words over and over 2. Reformulations 3. Fillers 4. Grammatical Errors
What are two types of criterion-related validity?
1. concurrent validity 2. predictive validity
A child who scores below the ___ percentile is considered to have a language disorder.
10th percentile
In standard language tests, a child that has a score that is __ or more SD below the mean is considered to have a ___ ___
2 or more SD; language disorder
How many words do you need for a valid sample?
350
When do relative clauses begin? What are relative pronouns?
4-4.5 years Who, which, that
By 5 years old, children produce ___-___ word sentences
5-6 word sentences
When MLU exceeds ___, children have added the morphemes of a language. Analyze ___: Sentence Structure
5.0; Syntax
We need between ___ and ___ utterances for a valid sample of a child's language
50 and 100 utterances
Mean average percentile is?
50th percentile
What are the remaining 5 semantic relations?
6. Introducer- "Here, There" 7. Dative/recipient- indirect object "Throw me"-->Throw the ball to me 8. Negation- rejection/disappearance 9. Recurrence-additional amount/reappearance 10 Possessor- "Mom hat"-->Mom's hat
___% of the scores fall within __ SD of the mean (above or below)
68% --- 1 SD; half are higher than mean and half are lower
What format do dynamic assessments follow?
A pretest-treatment-posttest formal
What are the semantic relations of 3 word sentences?
Agent-Action-Object- Daddy throw ball!
What is vertical structuring?
Ask the child two ideas then say them in one complex sentence
What type of children should you use ELIS with?
Children who primarily produce one word sentences & for children whose comprehension exceeds expression
Complex sentences are composed of ....
Complex clauses- 2 or more ideas in one sentence
You should count 1 morpheme for .....
Compound words (railroad) Proper names (Billy Sue) Reduplications (choo choo, night night) Auxiliary verbs (gonna, hafta)
Semantic relations are very ____ dependent
Context
Interview or observational measures that sample the child's language from a particular developmental level
Developmental Scales
How do you calculate TTR?
Divide the number of different vocabulary words by number of total words used
What is face validity?
Does the test have a reasonable way to determine language ability?
What is content validity?
Does the test have items that are representative of the content you are sampling? Do the test items test language ability?
What is construct ability?
Does the test measure the theoretical construct that it was designed to measure? i.e. language ability?
What is predictive validity?
Does the test predict how the child will perform later on another valid measure of language?
What is criterion-related validity?
Does the test strongly correlate with other tests that are thought to measure the same things as language?
Whta is concurrent validity?
Does this language test concur (agree) with other language tests in categorizing children as normal functioning or disordered?
What 3 types of tasks are on a production test?
Elicited imitation task- you say what I say Elicited production task- tempt your client to say something by making a situation where the target form is the appropriate answer Elicited Production- Patterned elicitations- model a set of similar speech productions and ask your child to complete the next one
What therapy technique may an SLP use to promote the use of semantic relations?
Environmental Language Intervention Strategy (ELIS)
How do semantic relations of words progress?
First, early words express semantic relationships between objects and actions. Next, relationships between objects are expressed. Then children produce words that affect events such as "Again!"
When should you use Z scores?
For a test that doesn't have a mean of 100 and a SD of 15
What is test-retest reliability?
Give the test two different times to the same person and the scores should be the same or very similar
What are subordinate and relative clauses used to express by 10-12 year olds?
Higher level (metalinguistic) concepts
What is an example of an elicited production game?
I Spy! Use for identifying adjectives "I spy a red hat!"
______ in MLU correspond to ______ in morpheme complexity in MLU of up to ____
Increase in MLU correspond to increase in morpheme complexity in MLU of up to 5.0; above 5 is not as applicable
What is the long term goal of ELIS? Short term goal?
Long term: Multi-word Semantic Relations Short term: Action+object (example)
Count 2 morphemes for....
Possessives Plurals Present Tense (walk+s) Past Tense Present progressive tense (ing) Negatives (didn't)
What are the stages of Play Phase?
SLP follows child's lead Stimulus:What are you doing? What should I do? Child Response: Brush Dolly Reward: here's a token! Incorrect: No, try again. Say Brush Dolly
What are the stages of the Conversation Phase?
Stimulus: Adult feeds Dolly and asks "What am I doing?" Response: "Feed Dolly" Reward correct response: Great! Here's a token Incorrect: Repeat the stimulus
What are the stages of the Imitation Phase?
Stimulus: Adult gives a child a cookie and says "(Say) Feed Dolly" Response: Child says "Feed Dolly" Reward: Good talking! here's a token for prizes Consequence: Not quite, let's try again.
What are the two types of complex clauses?
Subordinate clause and relative clause
What does TTR (Type Token Ratio) measure? What does MLU measure?
TTR-vocabulary diversity & language content MLU-morphology & language form
What is split-half reliability?
The scores on the first half of the test are compared to the scores on the second half of the test
How do developmental scales help clinicians?
They help determine a baseline for how the child is functioning before treatment begins & general age equivalent levels
Why don't we typically use age equivalency scores?
They're generally not reliable
What is equivalent form reliability?
Two forms of the test (Form A and Form B) are compared to show that they measure essentially the same thing
What is an example of elicited production- role playing?
Use a mute puppet to get the client to ask a question "Do you like cookies?" or "You like cookies?"
What do percentile ranks tell us?
What proportion of the norming population scored lower than your client
How do you calculate MLU?
Write Utterances Count the number of morphemes in each Count # of sentences/utterances Divide the number of morphemes by sentences
What is the Z score formula?
Z=X-M/SD Z= the child's raw score minus the mean of the test/the standard deviation of the test
Once established that a child has a language disorder, we use criterion referenced tests to establish a _______ and to ________ for your client
baseline function and to identify therapy goals for the client
What do production tests evaluate?
expressive language
What should you not count in a TTR? What should you count?
fillers and noises // different forms of the same word Here vs. Here's=2 words
TTR of .50 indicates
greater viability and flexibility of vocabulary
What are two ways to collect a TTR language sample?
have them retell a story or explain a procedure
What is standard deviation?
how far from the mean a typical score falls
What are criterion referenced tests?
informal tests that do not need to be administered by formal rules or interactions
How do dynamic assessments differ from static assessments?
instead of a test score, dynamic assessments test the child's ability to learn dynamically (CHANGE OVER TIME)
MLU is a moderately reliable predictor of _____ ______ in English speaking children
language complexity
What do you use for morpheme analysis? (analyze morpheme development)
mean length of utterance (MLU)
Z scores have a mean of __ and a SD of __
mean of 0 and SD of 1
What do comprehension tests evaluate?
receptive language
Place _____ words or phrases, parts of words, & fillers in parentheses but don't count them
repeated
What is odd-even reliability?
scores on odd numbered items compared to scores on even number items
What are subordinate clauses introduced by? When do they begin?
subordinating conjunctions (if, because, etc) 4.5-5 years old They can't stand alone!
How would you use an elicited production narrative?
tell your client a simple story and ask the child to retell the story OR have child make up a story by looking at a picture
What does MLU measure?
the average length of sentences (UTTERANCES) in morphemes
What is test validity?
the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure i.e. does the test measure language?
What is vocabulary diversity?
the number of different vocabulary words that the child produces
What does it mean to be a norm-referenced test (formal decontextualized)?
the scores of people taking the test form a normal distrubution- Bell shaped curve
Why are criterion-referened tests used?
to examine a certain form of communicative behavior without reference to other children's acheivement to determine if your client can attain a certain level of language performance
What is inter-rater reliability?
two different examiners give the test to the same person or score the same person's test. The scores should be the same or very similar
