last exam ch 15
Which of the following is the first to come into contact with light? A) rods B) bipolar neurons C) cones D) ganglion cells
D
The outer covering of the eye is called the _____.
SCLERA
What happens when the ciliary muscles relax?
The suspensory ligaments pull and the lens flattens.
The auditory tube acts to equalize pressure between the middle ear and _____. A) throat B) inner ear C) outer ear D) cochlea
a
1. What is the role of suspensory ligaments?
a. Adjust the shape of the lens to make it curved b. Decreases or increase the refraction of light
The process of adjusting vision from a near to a distant object is called _____.
accomdation
The purpose of the auricle is to _____sound waves.
act as a collector of
The receptor cells for hearing are located on the upper surface of what membrane?
baisalar
Movement of the _______ membrane causes hair cell microvilli to bend back and forth.
basilar
Tears drain into the openings of the _____.
canaliculi
Clouding of the lens occurs in which of these eye disorders?
cataract
A sty is an inflammation of what type of gland associated with follicles of the eyelashes?
ciliary gland
Contraction of which of the following muscles is involved with changing the shape (thickening) of the lens?
ciliary muscles
Aqueous humor is secreted by the __________; it flows out of the posterior chamber through the pupil into the anterior chamber where it is reabsorbed at a ring-like blood vessel called the __________.
ciliary process; canal of Schlemm
The portion of the inner ear, which detects sounds, is the _____.
cochlea
Which type of photoreceptor is best able to process bright light and color?
cone
1. Which eye structure easily transplanted?
cornea
Image formation depends on refraction, the bending of light. At which location does the greatest amount of refraction occur?
cornea
The transparent anterior portion of the outer eye coat, which allows light rays to enter the interior of the eye is the
cornea
What is the primary (most powerful) focusing structure of the eye?
cornea
Light passes through the following structures in which order?
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
Which cranial nerve innervates four of the six extraocular muscles (medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique)?
cranial nerve III
A "cataract" is an opacification of which eye structure?
crystalline lens
All of the following are part of the cochlea EXCEPT A) cochlear duct B) scala tympani C) scala vestibuli D) utricle
d
The following belong together except which one? A) incus B) tympanic cavity C) middle ear D) cochlear duct
d
The membranous labyrinth contains _____fluid.
endolymph
What is the name of the short tube that conveys sound waves to the tympanic membrane?
external auditory meatu
Identify the three layers of the eye in from the outer most layer to the inner most layer.
fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, nervous tunic
What is the point of sharpest, most distinct visual acuity within the eye?
fovea centralis
Which of the following is the location in the retina at which the sharpest images are produced?
fovea centralis
Axons of which of the following type of cells exit the eye in the optic nerve?
ganglion
The only retinal cells that produce action potentials are the
ganglion cells.
sclerotic
hardened gives eye the shape
Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve would result is some loss of
hearing and balance
The colored (blue, brown, green) portion of the eye, as seen in an anterior view, is which of the following?
iris
Which eye structure determines a person's eye color?
iris
Which of the following pairs of structures are involved in regulating the amount of light that enters the eyes?
iris and eyelids
The watery fluid we call "tears" is secreted by
lacrimal glands
The suspensory ligaments attach to the _____.
lens
The stapes sends its vibrations to the _____.
oval window
Vibrations from the _____ reach the scala vestibuli first.
oval window
The term for eyelid is _____.
palpebra
a. nasolacrimal duct
passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose
What fluid is located between the bony and membranous labyrinths within the inner ear?
perilymph
If the ciliary muscles contract, the suspensory ligaments __________ and the lens __________.
relax; thickens
Which eye structure is comparable to the film of a camera because it senses light focused on it?
retina
Which layer of the eye contains the photoreceptor cells?
retina
What eye layer is referred to in the quote "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes"?
sclera
Which of the following would NOT be part of the nerve pathway involved in conducting sensory impulses to the auditory cortex? A) medulla oblongata B) midbrain C) spinal cord D) thalamus
spinal cord
Which auditory ossicle causes the oval window to move in and out, setting fluid in the inner ear in motion?
stapes
Which of these extrinsic eye muscles is NOT controlled by the oculomotor nerve?
superior oblique
Which of these extrinsic eye muscles is controlled by the trochlear nerve?
superior oblique
The auditory perception center is located within the _____.
temporal lobe
The sensation of hearing occurs when sensory impulses from the ears are transmitted to the auditory cortex in the __________ lobe from the __________ nerve.
temporal; vestibulocochlear
Cornea
the transparent layer forming the front of the eye.
The first structure to vibrate in response to sounds is _____.
tympanic membrane
The vitreous humor, which occupies about 80% of the eye's interior, is composed mostly of what?
water
Retina
Contains sensory receptors that process visual information and sends it to the brain
conjunctiva
Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball
Which muscle raises the upper eyelid when it contracts?
levator palpebrae superioris
Which of the following is located within the vestibule of the ear?
macula
Which auditory ossicle is attached to the tympanic membrane?
malleus
Identify the correct order in which vibrations travel through the auditory ossicles.
malleus, incus, stapes
choroid
middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera
An eye that is too long, or "oval," results in poor distance vision, a disorder called nearsightedness or
myopia.
After washing across the eyes, "tears" enter the nasal cavity through which of the following?
nasolacrimal ducts
Movement of the eyeball is effected by muscles innervated mainly by the _____nerve.
occulmotor
When light strikes, the visual pigment rhodopsin is activated, which then activates _____ thus resulting in the ____ of the rod cells.
opsin, depolarization
At which of the following locations do blood vessels and nerves enter or exit the eye?
optic disk
Which of the following is commonly called the "blind spot" of the eye because it lacks photoreceptor cells?
optic disk
Which muscle closes the eyelid when it contracts?
orbicularis oculi
The receptor cells for hearing, hair cells, are located within the
organ of Corti
