Leadership test 1

Culture is important because:

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Essay question:

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common significance of leadership in organizations states:

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increased cultural diversity in organizations is:

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describe how to use culture to be a better leader

As a leader, you can develop a cultural mindset that will allow culture to be taken into consideration in decisions and behaviors. No one has complete knowledge any given culture, but by using a cultural mindset you can create a workplace of openness and inclusiveness which will allow for a multicultural approach that will take into consideration social justice, mutual respect, and harmony. in addition, it would make people more aware of their decisions and biases. all of this would make you a better leader.

Sam is an effective leader because he is able to use different behaviors in different situations which is known as

contigency

primary goal of multiculturalism is to

creates a work culture of open-mindedness and inclusiveness,

describe five leadership basics

Find your passion, Learn about yourself, Experiment with new behaviors and situations, Get comfortable with failure, Don't take yourself too seriously

the LMX model of leadership is based on the premise that

a leader establishes a 1-1 relationship with each follower and each relationship differs in exchanges

normative decision model

allows for leaders to be consulted by others to make decisions and to delegate authority to specialists to make decisions

benefits to having a behavior approach to leadership:

behaviors can be observed easily, behaviors can be measured more precisely, behaviors can be taught

leaders in high power-distance cultures:

communication is one way, from leaders to followers, with little expectation for response

define culture and the three levels of culture

culture is the set of norms, customs, values, and assumptions that guides the behavior of a particular group of people. the three levels are national, group, and organizational culture. national is the set of beliefs valued by a nation. group culture focuses on things such as race, language, and religion. organizational culture focuses on common values found within people and beliefs about work-related issues.

causes of poor women representation

differences in style, challenges of balancing family and work, women are not as prepared, discrimination, persistent stereotypes

low context culture

explicit verbal communication, written or directly spoken messages

leaders from individualistic cultures:

focus on individual accomplishments and performance, can view individuals as superior or equal to others

leader characteristics:

focus on the future, use personal power, create change, culture based on shared values

3 key elements of effective leadership:

goal achievement, smooth internal processes, external adaptability

Various definitions of leaders include:

group phenomenon, goal directed and action oriented, hierarchy within a group

motivation theories in path-goal theory

guidance and clear instructions, challenge and autonomy

Primary factors contributing to changes:

increased globalization, worldwide political changes, demographic changes, employee expectations

five dimensions of culture

individualism, time-orientation, masculinity, power distance, uncertainty avoidance

define Hoefstede's five cultural dimensions

individualism: how much people appreciate individuals. power distance: the extent to which people are okay with differences in power. time-orientation: now or later. masculinity: how much people put pride in things and how much males dominate. uncertainty avoidance: how much people can handle not knowing things.

relationship development between leaders and followers

is different for each follower and creates in and out groups

effective leader definition:

leaders are effective when followers achieve goals, can function well together, and can adapt to changing demands from external forces

key argument against leaders:

leaders typically will make mistakes made throughout history, external factors are more powerful, they do not have enough power

manager characteristics:

maintain status quo, use positional power, implement policies

Henry Mintzberg says the job of a manager is characterized by:

maintaining status quo, using positional power, and focusing on the present goals

Sally Helgesen's research about men vs women in management:

men: work faster, not reflective, job = identity, felt isolated women: work slower, worked on non-job related things, reflective, multiple senses of identities

three levels of culture are:

national culture, group culture, organizational culture

high context culture

nonverbal factors, personal relationships, situational factors

general definition of leadership:

one who influences individuals and groups within an organization, helps them establish goals, and guides them to achieve those goals

factors that lead to becoming a multicultural organization:

organizational culture, education, research, accountability, policies, similar role models

modern scientific study of leadership states that leadership can be divided into three parts:

personality, style, behavior

five ways to create in and out groups

pick people based on contribution, periodically evaluate who is in your in and out groups, allow for smooth transitions in and out of the groups, set clear and distinguishable goals, avoid highly differentiated in and out groups

collectivism can be defined as

putting the group good before the individual good

contingency factors in the normative decision model

quality, commitment, leader info, problem structure, commitment probability, goal congruence, employee conflict, subordinate info

describe common elements of leadership and the 3 elements of effective leadership

the common elements of leadership are that it is a group phenomenon. this means that without a group, there would be no leader. second, leadership is goal directed and action oriented. they need to influence others to take action toward simple goals. Third, there most be some type of hierarchy. this can be rigid or informal and flexible. The 3 elements of effective leadership are goal achievement, smooth internal processes, external adaptability.

how to use the contingency model at work

the contingency model can be used at work as a guide of how I should be handling certain situations as they arise. The model clearly shows when it is an appropriate time to be a low-LPC leader and when it is better to be a high-LPC leader. It also states in what particular situations each are more or less effective. I could use this as a base or reference point while working to make sure my current leadership style reflects what is needed most at the moment.

power distance

the extent to which people are excepting of an unequal distribution of power

primary assumption of contingency leadership

the personality, style, or behavior of a leader depends on the situation they are in

path-goal theory suggests that the role of the leader is to clear paths allowing followers to

to accomplish goals. followers accomplish goals meaning so do the leaders

three eras of leadership assumptions and their beliefs

traits era- the traits era believed that people were born leaders. these chosen people would have something about them, an "air", that made them appear great. i.e. GW being 6'4. behaviors era- this area believed that leaders possessed a certain amount set of behaviors which made them good leaders. they focus on not who would be an effective leader but what do effective leaders do. the hope was that they could train leaders. contingency era- there is no one right way to lead. people can learn to become good leaders and situations make leaders have to change to adapt to them.