Learning curve 3a, b, c: Developmental Psychology's Major Issues; Prenatal Development and The Newborn

In the average ejaculation, _____ million or more sperm are released.

250

Shared environmental influences typically account for less than _____ percent of children's personality differences. A. 10 B. 25 C. 15 D. 20

A. 10

Leanne is 5 months old. Chastity is 8 months old. Dominique is 11 months old. Which infant should show the MOST evidence of stranger anxiety? A. Chastity B. Dominique C. Leanne D. The degree of separation anxiety should be approximately equal among all three infants.

A. Chastity

Which of the following statements describes the pattern of life satisfaction for adults whose spouse died? A. Life satisfaction dipped prior to the death, dropped significantly during year of spouse's death, and rebounded to prior levels in the years following the death. B. Life satisfaction remained neutral prior to the death, dropped significantly during year of spouse's death, and dropped more in the years following the death. C. Life satisfaction dipped prior to the death, showed a brief rebound during the year of spouse's death, and decreased in the years following the death. D. Life satisfaction peaked prior to the death, dropped significantly during year of spouse's death, and failed to rebound to prior levels in the years following the death.

A. Life satisfaction dipped prior to the death, dropped significantly during year of spouse's death, and rebounded to prior levels in the years following the death.

Chromosomes are composed of _____, which are composed of _____. A. genes; DNA B. DNA; genes C. genomes; genes D. genes; genomes

B. DNA; genes

Meena and several classmates are participating in a debate concerning continuity versus stages in development. Meena's task is to support stage theories. Which of the following points is Meena LEAST likely to make in the debate? A. Stage theories have an influential legacy in developmental psychology. B. Most contemporary developmental psychologists are stage theorists. C. Stage theories are broadly supported by the timing of the brain's growth spurts during childhood and adolescence. D. Stage theories help psychologists focus their attention on specific points in the lifespan.

B. Most contemporary developmental psychologists are stage theorists.

What do developmental psychologists seek to understand? thought and behavior in the workplace A. the enduring traits that distinguish one person from another B. growth and change across the lifespan C. the connections between the body on the one hand, and thought and behavior on the other D. thought and behavior in the work place

B. growth and change across the lifespan

Yun Hee lives in New York and is concerned about her daughter, who will be 1-year-old next week. Her baby is not walking yet, and Yun Hee's family is starting to comment on this. Should she be worried? A. Yes, she should worry. Babies who are not walking by their first birthday are developmentally delayed. B. No, she should not worry. Although 75 percent of all babies in the U.S. are walking within a week after their first birthday, there is no cause for alarm. C. No, she should not worry. Only 50 percent of all babies in the U.S. are walking within a week after their first birthday. D. No, she should not worry. Only 25 percent of all babies in the U.S. are walking within a week after their first birthday.

C. No, she should not worry. Only 50 percent of all babies in the U.S. are walking within a week after their first birthday.

"Demanding, but responsive" is one way to summarize Baumrind's _____ parenting style. A. authoritarian B. permissive C. authoritative D. negligent

C. authoritative

Which sequence correctly arranges the building blocks of life from largest and most inclusive to smallest and MOST specific? A. gene - DNA - chromosome B. DNA - gene - chromosome C. chromosome - DNA - gene D. chromosome - gene - DNA

C. chromosome - DNA - gene

Dr. Murphy studies a group of schoolchildren and follows their progress through college. Dr. Murphy is MOST likely a _____ psychologist. A. cognitive B. behavioral C. developmental D. clinical

C. developmental

Erikson used the term ______ to describe being productive and supporting future generations. A. Integrity B. identity C. generativity D. initiative

C. generativity

The textbook asks whether some of the similarities between identical twins may be explained by shared experiences rather than by shared genes. The textbook's question BEST reflects developmental psychology's major issue of: A.stability and change. B. mind and body. C. nature and nurture. D. continuity and stages.

C. nature and nurture.

Five-year-old Ling is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At her age, this development is likely due to: A. an increase in dopamine pathways. B. a decrease in myelin sheaths. C. neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes. D. increased neurotransmitters available in her synaptic gaps.

C. neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes.

Anatoli and Andrei are 11-month-old identical twins. Anatoli took his first steps yesterday. How soon will Andrei take his first steps? A. probably within 4 months; nearly 75 percent of all babies in the U.S. are walking by 15 months B. probably within a month; nearly 90 percent of all babies in the U.S. are walking within a week after their first birthday C. probably within a day; identical twins generally begin walking on nearly the same day D. It cannot be predicted; readiness to learn to walk is not influenced by genes.

C. probably within a day; identical twins generally begin walking on nearly the same day

During the _____ stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children begin to think logically about events, grasp analogies, and perform arithmetical operations.

Concrete operational

Approximately _____percent of those who have been abused later abuse their own children, a proportion _____ times the national average. A. 50; two B. 30; two C. 50; four D. 30; four

D. 30; four

Jean Piaget proposed a stage theory of _____ development. A. psychological B. moral C. motor D. cognitive

D. Cognitive

Developmental psychologists have found that one's general level of emotional excitability, called _____, remains fairly constant from childhood into adulthood. A. personality B. stability C. character D. temperament

D. Temperament

Five-year-old Otto complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. Otto's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Otto happy, because he believed the pizza had become larger. Otto lacks the concept of: A. object permanence. B. assimilation. C. egocentrism. D. conservation.

D. conservation

Dr. Grove studies how obesity rates change from childhood through old age. Dr. Grove is MOST likely a _____ psychologist. A. behavioral B. clinical C. cognitive D. developmental

D. developmental

With respect to adolescence, biology determines its: A. neither its beginning nor its ending. B. its beginning, as well as its end. C. its end, but not its beginning. D. its beginning, but not its end.

D. its beginning, but not its end.

A game of peak-a-boo with his dad excites Warren during the first 6 months of his life because Warren actually thinks his dad has disappeared. This is because Warren lacks: A. theory of mind. B. stranger anxiety. C. egocentrism. D. object permanence.

D. object permanence

Which of the following major issues is NOT among those emphasized by developmental psychologists? A. nature and nurture B. continuity and stages C. stability and change D. person and situation

D. person and situation

_____ are agents (e.g., chemicals and viruses) that can reach the embryo or fetus and do it harm.

Teratogens

The cluster of cells that develops by the end of the first two weeks of pregnancy is called the:

embryo

Children start to gain control over their attention beginning in preschool. This control is related to a growth spurt in the _____ lobe.

frontal

In prenatal development, the period of the _____ begins at conception.

zygote