learning curve chapter 14

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Which general was one of the first Union officials to refuse to return runaway slaves to their masters

Benjamin Butler-applied status of contraband to runaway slaves

What was the first major battle of the Civil War, in which Union forces were driven back by Confederate forces

Bull Run-Confederate soldiers counterattacked and panic swept under the Union troops

Which act sparked opposition and violence in the North in 1863

Enrollment Act

On July 3, 1863, Robert E. Lee sent 14,000 men under the command of which general into a desperate frontal assault against the Union lines along Cemetery Ridge at the Gettysburg battlefield

George Pickett

What did the Confederacy rely upon to provide income to fund the war effort

King Cotton-hoped cotton would provide revenue to buy resources and that it would persuade Britain and France to help the Confederates

Why was General George B. McClellan relieved of his command of the Army of the Potomac by Abraham Lincoln in 1862

Lincoln thought McClellan lacked the nerve to use his troops to achieve a major victory

In July 1863, hostility to the draft, especially among Irish and German immigrants, erupted into five days of violent rioting and murder in what city

New York City

What battle induced the Confederacy to institute a draft

Shiloh

Which state was the first to secede from the Union

South Carolina-home of John C. Calhoun, nullification, and southern rights, also very committed to slavery

Which naval vessel did the Confederacy use to sink over one hundred Union merchant ships

The Alabama

George Pickett

United States army officer who became a major general in the Confederate states army during the Civil War. known for his participation in the Battle of Gettysburg

What was the draft

all those currently serving were required to serve the duration of the war and all men 18-45 had to enlist

What action by President Lincoln encouraged Jefferson Davis and the Confederate government to seize Fort Sumter

dispatching a ship to resupply the fort's garrison-they decided to seize the fort while doing this

Homestead Act

gave 160 acres of public lands to settlers after five years of residence and improvement

Why did Abraham Lincoln reject General Winfield Scott's plan for the war early in 1861

he didn't think it was aggressive enough

How did Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase build a large national banking system

he forced thousands of existing banks into federal charters-banking system began federally organized and regulated banking system

How did Abraham Lincoln view secession

he said it was an illegal act that violated the Constitution

How did Abraham Lincoln view the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation

it changed the war into one of subjugation and destruction of the Old South-he knew that by freeing the slaves the southern society would have to be completely restructured

Why did southerners object to the Confederate draft

it favored the rich-"rich man's war, poor man's fight", rich could get out of being drafted (rich men could get out of being drafted)

What describes the actual change in status of slaves in January 1863 as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation

it freed slaves only in rebellion and did not change the status of a single slave

What characterizes the federal government during the Civil War

it grew in power and centralized authority-it expanded its power to tax, drafted civilians into military service, regulated banking, and subsidized private railroad construction

What group of northerners was most likely to support the war effort

native-born Republicans

The U.S. Sanitary Commission was an example of what phenomenon of the Civil War

private contributions to the war effort

Why did the Confederacy not achieve a more effective economic program

states' rights philosophy left most power with the state governments

What factor made it important to Abraham Lincoln to keep Kentucky and Maryland in the Union

strategic location-Kentucky: 500-mile long border on the Ohio River, Maryland: bordered nation's capital on three sides

What was one of the measures the federal government took in order to bolster the Union's ability to fight a long war

supported the construction of railroads-Henry Clay's program for a nationally financed transportation system

What loophole of the South's draft was controversial

the ability of draftees to hire substitutes

Why did northern immigrants in New York City turn to violence over the draft

the feared the potential presence of freed slaves-Irish and German immigrants didn't want to lose their economic position by the war ending slavery

In the South, women worked as civil servants in what part of the Confederate government

the postal service (also worked in factories)

After the victory at Gettysburg, what did Abraham Lincoln expect

the war would continue indefinitely-because of Meade's failure to follow up on the battle and attack Lee's army in an attempt to destroy it

What strategy did Abraham Lincoln formulate early in the Civil War

to try to end the war with a quick victory-prepared an invasion into South to take capital of Richmond


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