learning curve chapter 14
Which general was one of the first Union officials to refuse to return runaway slaves to their masters
Benjamin Butler-applied status of contraband to runaway slaves
What was the first major battle of the Civil War, in which Union forces were driven back by Confederate forces
Bull Run-Confederate soldiers counterattacked and panic swept under the Union troops
Which act sparked opposition and violence in the North in 1863
Enrollment Act
On July 3, 1863, Robert E. Lee sent 14,000 men under the command of which general into a desperate frontal assault against the Union lines along Cemetery Ridge at the Gettysburg battlefield
George Pickett
What did the Confederacy rely upon to provide income to fund the war effort
King Cotton-hoped cotton would provide revenue to buy resources and that it would persuade Britain and France to help the Confederates
Why was General George B. McClellan relieved of his command of the Army of the Potomac by Abraham Lincoln in 1862
Lincoln thought McClellan lacked the nerve to use his troops to achieve a major victory
In July 1863, hostility to the draft, especially among Irish and German immigrants, erupted into five days of violent rioting and murder in what city
New York City
What battle induced the Confederacy to institute a draft
Shiloh
Which state was the first to secede from the Union
South Carolina-home of John C. Calhoun, nullification, and southern rights, also very committed to slavery
Which naval vessel did the Confederacy use to sink over one hundred Union merchant ships
The Alabama
George Pickett
United States army officer who became a major general in the Confederate states army during the Civil War. known for his participation in the Battle of Gettysburg
What was the draft
all those currently serving were required to serve the duration of the war and all men 18-45 had to enlist
What action by President Lincoln encouraged Jefferson Davis and the Confederate government to seize Fort Sumter
dispatching a ship to resupply the fort's garrison-they decided to seize the fort while doing this
Homestead Act
gave 160 acres of public lands to settlers after five years of residence and improvement
Why did Abraham Lincoln reject General Winfield Scott's plan for the war early in 1861
he didn't think it was aggressive enough
How did Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase build a large national banking system
he forced thousands of existing banks into federal charters-banking system began federally organized and regulated banking system
How did Abraham Lincoln view secession
he said it was an illegal act that violated the Constitution
How did Abraham Lincoln view the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation
it changed the war into one of subjugation and destruction of the Old South-he knew that by freeing the slaves the southern society would have to be completely restructured
Why did southerners object to the Confederate draft
it favored the rich-"rich man's war, poor man's fight", rich could get out of being drafted (rich men could get out of being drafted)
What describes the actual change in status of slaves in January 1863 as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation
it freed slaves only in rebellion and did not change the status of a single slave
What characterizes the federal government during the Civil War
it grew in power and centralized authority-it expanded its power to tax, drafted civilians into military service, regulated banking, and subsidized private railroad construction
What group of northerners was most likely to support the war effort
native-born Republicans
The U.S. Sanitary Commission was an example of what phenomenon of the Civil War
private contributions to the war effort
Why did the Confederacy not achieve a more effective economic program
states' rights philosophy left most power with the state governments
What factor made it important to Abraham Lincoln to keep Kentucky and Maryland in the Union
strategic location-Kentucky: 500-mile long border on the Ohio River, Maryland: bordered nation's capital on three sides
What was one of the measures the federal government took in order to bolster the Union's ability to fight a long war
supported the construction of railroads-Henry Clay's program for a nationally financed transportation system
What loophole of the South's draft was controversial
the ability of draftees to hire substitutes
Why did northern immigrants in New York City turn to violence over the draft
the feared the potential presence of freed slaves-Irish and German immigrants didn't want to lose their economic position by the war ending slavery
In the South, women worked as civil servants in what part of the Confederate government
the postal service (also worked in factories)
After the victory at Gettysburg, what did Abraham Lincoln expect
the war would continue indefinitely-because of Meade's failure to follow up on the battle and attack Lee's army in an attempt to destroy it
What strategy did Abraham Lincoln formulate early in the Civil War
to try to end the war with a quick victory-prepared an invasion into South to take capital of Richmond