Learning Curve Chapter 19
Why was Margaret Sanger indicted for publishing her newspaper column "What Every Girl Should Know" in the 1910s?
Her frank discussion of birth control violated obscenity laws.
Why were skyscrapers an impetus to urban development?
They made it possible to crowd more work and living space into a given area.
Why did most black men and women who migrated to the large cities of the North between 1880 and 1917 end up working in the service sector?
They were routinely rejected from other jobs.
What did Florence Kelley hope to achieve through her leadership of the National Consumers' League (NCL)?
worker protection
What was the key to the successful building of skyscrapers in American cities in the late nineteenth century?
An interior skeleton made of manufactured steel beams
A week after the Triangle fire, the Rabbi Stephen S. Wise made this statement at a memorial service for the victims: "This was not an inevitable disaster which man could neither foresee nor control. We might have foreseen it, and some of us did; we might have controlled it, but we chose not to do so. . . . It is not a question of enforcement of law nor of inadequacy of law. We have the wrong kind of laws and the wrong kind of enforcement. Before insisting upon inspection and enforcement, let us lift up the industrial standards so as to make conditions worth inspecting, and, if inspected, certain to afford security to workers." What did New York State do in response to the public outrage expressed here over the Triangle fire tragedy?
Appointed a factory commission that developed labor reform
Which statement assesses the early-twentieth-century crusade against prostitution in the United States?
The crusade pushed prostitution out of brothels and into the street.
Which statement assesses the consequences of the Triangle fire in New York City in 1911?
The fire showed that only stronger laws could alleviate sweatshop conditions
Which statement assesses the consequences of the Triangle fire in New York City in 1911?
The fire showed that only stronger laws could alleviate sweatshop conditions.
How did the early-twentieth-century campaign against prostitution affect prostitutes in many Americans cities at the time?
By closing brothels, new laws worsened many prostitutes' lives.
After running their Chicago settlement house for a few years, what did Jane Addams and her colleagues believe the working-class people they served needed?
The resources and political voice to improve their lives
Which city suffered a terrible fire in 1871?
Chicago
The social geography of the suburbs in the late nineteenth century was in large part determined by which of the following factors?
Class Structures
Which statement describes living conditions in New York City's Eleventh Ward at the turn of the nineteenth century?
Crowding was a serious problem in tenements
What distinguished the new "vertical aesthetic" of the Chicago school in the late nineteenth century?
Designs that expressed rather than masked structure and function
How did Henry Huntington expand the suburban ideal in southern California in the early twentieth century?
He used his family's fortune to buy up real estate and subdivide it into lots.
What were the political machines that played such a vital role in late-nineteenth-century American cities?
Local party bureaucracies that controlled elected and appointed offices
Working separately in the 1880s and 1890s, researcher Helen Campbell and photographer Jacob Riis both sought to call attention to what problem?
Miserable conditions in urban tenement housing
Why did big cities in the United States become sites of manufacturing as well as finance and trade after the Civil War?
Steam engines allowed factory operators to move away from water-driven power.
Which subculture emerged in American cities in the late nineteenth century and offered a dramatic challenge to Victorian ideals?
The Gay Community
What was the ultimate basis for the cohesion of urban political machines?
party loyalty
What was significant about the formation of the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL) in the early twentieth century?
Bridging of class lines
Why did New York State undertake serious workplace safety reforms after the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire of 1911?
In response to public outrage
What impact did city politics have on immigrant communities in the United States in the late nineteenth century?
Integrated them into urban society
Which of the following statements assesses the impact of New York's Tenement House Law of 1901 on the 44,000 tenements that existed at the time?
It failed to change older structures because reform was not profitable
Why was the reform effort aimed at wiping out urban prostitution in the early twentieth century shortsighted?
It ignored the multiple factors that led women to prostitution.
How did the city of Chicago address its sewage problem around the turn of the century?
It reversed the course of the Chicago River.
What accounted for the popularity of ragtime music in the United States in the 1890s?
Its decisive break with Victorian music
Who were the "muckrakers" of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century?
Journalists who promoted reform
What did the New York Tammany ward boss George Washington Plunkitt mean by "honest graft"?
Profiting from insider status
This photograph shows a group of newsboys standing outside of an urban diner hawking their papers. Why might the Progressive reformer Lewis Hine have created this image?
To document the harsh lives of child laborers
Why did journalist Upton Sinclair write his 1904 novel The Jungle?
To expose labor exploitation in Chicago's meatpacking plants
What prompted urban reform movements in the 1890s?
Widespread suffering from the depression of that decade
What political boss made Tammany Hall a byword for corruption in the late nineteenth century?
William Marcy Tweed
What allowed engineers and planners in the second half of the nineteenth century to develop a new urban geography in the United States?
new technologies
The dominance of private development in U.S. cities and the preference for business solutions to city needs are expressed in what concept?
the "private city"
Which institution of progressivism offered a laboratory to experiment with solving social problems?
the settlement movement