(LearningCurve 6b) Challenges for Caregivers psy 200 chapter 6

Three-year-old Tate gets very upset when his mother calls his little sister "handsome" instead of pretty. He shouts, "Only boys are handsome, mom!" Tate's understanding of gender roles reflects _____ theory.

cognitive

Young children are often _____ about the sexual differences.

confused

Billy and Tish do not believe that it is right to expect their children to exhibit self-control or to take responsibility for most of their behaviors. This aspect of Billy and Tish's parenting would fall into which of Diana Baumrind's dimensions of parenting?

expectations for maturity

Diana Baumrind's dimension in which parents vary in standards for responsibility and self-control in their children is called:

expectations for maturity.

Sean and Maria are very cold toward and critical of their children. They rarely hug and kiss them or tell them that they love them. This aspect of Sean and Maria's parenting would fall into which of Diana Baumrind's dimensions of parenting?

expressions of warmth

Culturally prescribed differences in the roles and behaviors of males and females are referred to as _____ differences.

gender

A child's understanding of sex differences is known as:

gender schema.

Culture dictates _____ differences, while biology determines _____ differences.

gender; sex

In terms of sex and gender differences, 2-year-old Aaron would MOST likely know:

how to correctly label males and females.

Parents who are indifferent toward their children and unaware of what is going on in their children's lives might BEST be described as:

neglectful/uninvolved.

Johanna believes that her children can do no wrong and that they should be allowed to develop without interference. Accordingly, she accepts whatever they do without control or discipline. According to Diana Baumrind, her parenting style could be BEST described as:

permissive.

Walter's parents strongly believe that Walter should make his own decisions, so they set very few rules about homework, bedtime, and household chores. Because they believe that freedom is important, they patiently tolerate all of Walter's behavior, even if it is childish or immature. With respect to the caregiving styles discussed in the textbook, Walter's parents are:

permissive.

Leo is 4 years old. He knows that he has a penis and that his dad does, too. The biology of Leo and his father are reflective of their:

sex.

According to Diana Baumrind, _____ is the caregiving dimension reflecting how parents explain, criticize, punish, and persuade.

strategies for discipline

Diana Baumrind identified _____ parenting styles.

three

What did Diana Baumrind describe as the permissive parenting style?

when parents have low expectations for maturity and rarely discipline their children

Matt is able to accurately and consistently apply gender labels; he can point out who is a boy, who is a man, who is a girl, and who is a woman. What is the YOUNGEST age that Matt can be?

2 years old

Expectations of maturity are highest in _____ caregiving and lowest in _____ caregiving.

authoritarian; permissive

According to Diana Baumrind, _____ parents set limits for their children, but they are flexible.

authoritative

Esmeralda is able to accurately and consistently apply gender labels, such as using "Mister" for men and "Miss" for women. What is the YOUNGEST age that Esmeralda can be?

2 years old

What was a limitation of Diana Baumrind's research on parenting styles?

Diana Baumrind did not realize that some permissive parents provide extensive verbal guidance.

Many researchers have traced the effects of parenting on child development, but the researcher whose findings continue to be MOST influential is:

Diana Baumrind.

___ parents are very involved in their children's lives but set few limits, while _____ parents are strikingly unaware of what their children are doing.

Permissive; neglectful

What was a limitation of Diana Baumrind's research on parenting styles?

She overlooked children's temperamental differences.

Discipline and expectations of maturity are both moderate in _____ caregiving.

authoritative

Kyle is 3 years old. Anytime he attempts to play with his sister's dolls or in her play kitchen, he is scolded by his parents and given toy trucks and sports equipment instead. This example of punishment and rewards meant to instill gender roles is reflective of _____ theory.

behavioral