Lec 3 SB Module: Integumentary System
There are no blood vessels in the epidermis. The term for lack of blood vessels is ______.
avascular
A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.
blood vessels
In the nails, the lunula appears whitish because a thickened underlying stratum basale obscures the underlying ______.
blood vessels
In male pattern baldness, hair is first lost mainly from the ______ region of the scalp.
crown
Another name for the skin is the ______ membrane.
cutaneous
The reticular layer of the dermis is ______.
deep to the papillary layer
The reticular layer contains ______.
dense irregular connective tissue
As a result of aging, sweat production ______.
diminishes
In the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the ______ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of ______ into the body.
edges, pathogens
The dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called ______.
epidermal ridges
Second-degree burns involve the ______ and part of the ______.
epidermis, dermis
The skin is made up of two distinct layers, the _____ and the _____.
epidermis, dermis
First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling).
epidermis, redness
There are two types of melanin, _________ and pheomelanin, together they produce various ratios of yellow, reddish, tan, brown, and black shades.
eumelanin
Friction ridges on the tips of fingers are known as ______.
fingerprints
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.
hypodermis
The cells of the epidermis that produce keratin are called ______.
keratinocytes
Melanin is transferred in membrane-bound vesicles from _____ to keratinocytes in the stratum basale.
melanocytes
PIgment producing cells of the epidermis are ______.
melanocytes
Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the ______.
palms of the hands lips soles of the feet
The ______ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae.
papillary
In anatomy, a single hair is also called a(n) ______.
pilus
The apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory product after ______.
puberty
In the third step of wound healing, the cut blood vessels ______ and grow in the wound.
regenerate
A type of gland associated with a hair follicle is usually a ______ gland.
sebaceous
As a person ages, the production of ______ glands in the skin decreases resulting in dry skin.
sebaceous
The secretions of sebaceous glands, called ______ is usually deposited into a ______.
sebum, hair follicle
As a result of the aging process, hair follicles can actually ______ production of hairs.
stop
The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.
stratum basale
Place the following layers of thin skin in order from superficial to deep.
stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, ______ glands, ______ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.
sweat, sebaceous
After the catagen phase, hair follicles enter the ______ phase.
telogen
Differences in hair density are due primarily to differences in its ______ and ______.
texture, pigmentation
There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are ______, ______, and skin markings.
thickness, coloration
______ skin contains the following accessories: nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
thin
Skin grafting is normally necessary for _____.
third-degree burns
Under normal conditions, some interstitial fluids slowly escape through the epidermis via a process called ______ water loss.
transepidermal
Nails and hair are components of the integumentary system.
true
At puberty, terminal hair replaces ______ hair in the armpits and pubic regions of the body.
vellus
Which best describes the differences between sensible and insensible perspirations produced by sweat glands in the skin?
Insensible is in the form of water vapor and cannot be seen while sensible contains water and salts and can be seen.
______ cuts to the lines of cleavage often results in slow healing and increased scarring.
Perpendicular
Protection <----> Heat retention <----> Sensory reception <----> Visual identification <----->
Protection <----> Choice, Scalp hair covers the scalp and shields it from sunburn and injury. Scalp hair covers the scalp and shields it from sunburn and injury. Heat retention <---->Blanket of thick hair on scalp Sensory reception <---->Hair root plexuses Visual identification <-----> Color and density of hairs of scalp
The predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is ______.
collagen
The specific orientation of ______ fiber bundles in the dermis is a result of the direction of applied ______ during routine movements.
collagen, stress
The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of ______, keratinized cells.
dead
Skin becomes drier and sometimes scaly because of ______ diminishes the amounts of natural skin lubricants.
decreased sebaceous gland activity
The vascular connective tissue that initially forms in a healing wound is called ______.
granulation tissue
Excessive hair growth is called ______.
hirsutism
Sebaceous glands are classified as ______ glands that discharge an oily, waxy secretion called ______.
holocrine, sebum
The whitish semilunar area of the proximal end of the nail body is called the ______.
lunula
Hemoglobin exhibits a ______ color.
red
The skin is said to be ______ because some materials are able to pass through it.
selectively permeable
The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ________ glands and _______ glands.
sweat, sebaceous
Healing of second degree burns takes approximately ______ weeks, and slight scarring may occur.
2-4
Skin repair and regeneration usually takes about ______ weeks in a healthy young person but can often take ______ that time for a person in his or her 70s.
3, twice
The catagen phase is a very short phase and lasts for about ______ weeks
3-4
Which layer is the most superficial in the epidermis?
Stratum corneum
If skin is exposed to sunlight over extended periods, the UV rays can damage ______ in epidermal cells.
DNA
Hair is normally found on the palms of the hand.
false
The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.
proteins and lipids
The epidermis of thin skin ranges in thickness from ______ millimeters to ______ millimeters thick
0.075, 0.150
The epidermis of thick skin ranges from 0.4mm to ______ mm thick.
0.6
Hair loss that is normally the result of aging is called ______.
alopecia
The active growing phase of the hair growth cycle is called the ______ phase.
anagen
The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.
apr
In the second step of wound healing, a ______ forms.
blood clot
Nerve fibers in skin control ______. Select all that apply.
blood flow gland secretion rates
Gray hair results from the gradual reduction of ______ production.
melanin
The color of hair is the result of ______.
melanin production
Melanosomes are transferred to keratinocytes in the stratum basale via the process of ______ or exocytosis.
phagocytosis
Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.
simple, coiled, tubular
The secretion from merocrine sweat glands are carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into __________.
sweat ducts/hair follicles
The major function of merocrine sweat glands is ______.
thermoregulation
A <---> B <----> C <---> D <--->
A <---> follicle Hair follicle B <---->Arrector pili muscle C <--->Sebaceous gland D <---> Apocrine sweat gland
Which pigments contribute to skin color? Select all that apply.
Carotene Hemoglobin Melanin
What are the three phases of the hair growth cycle?
Anagen, catagen, and telogen
Which describes the tissue type of the epidermis?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Nerve fibers in the skin monitor sensory receptors in the ______.
dermis, epidermis
During our lives, we produce three kinds of hair, which are ______ and terminal hair.
lanugo, vellus
The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.
merocrine, apocrine
The accessory organs of the epidermis are hair, ______, ______ glands and sweat glands.
nails, sebaceous
Sebaceous glands produce (an) ______ material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface
oily
Two major functions of hair are _____.
protection and heat retention
In children, ______ is the primary human hair and is found on most of the body.
vellus
As an individual ages, the skin repair processes take longer to complete because of the reduced number and activity of _______ cells.
stem
The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.
True
Nerve fibers in the skin monitor sensory receptors in the ______.
dermis and epidermis
Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters. These are the number of ______ in the epidermis and the relative thickness of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument.
layers
Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ____ week(s).
4
The integument accounts for about _____% of the body weight.
8
On a normal scalp, about _______% of follicles are in the anagen phase.
80-95
Anagen is the longest part of the growth cycle and lasts from about ______ months to as much as ______ years, depending on the genetics of the person.
18/7
Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about _____ weeks.
2
In first degree burns, the healing time averages about _____ days, and typically no scarring results.
3-5
Which is a common treatment for third-degree burns?
Skin grafting
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?
Synthesis of red blood cells
_____ hair is the type of hair that grows on the scalp, and is also the hair of eyebrows and pubic region. In men, it also grows on the face.
Terminal
Which are functions of the subcutaneous layer? Select all that apply.
Energy reservoir Protection Thermal insulation