Lecture #10: Sub-Saharan Africa

What are the major religions of Sub-Saharan Africa?

Animism - tribal, Christianity, and Islam.

The shrinking of Lake Chad in recent years is chiefly attributed to what?

Attributed to irrigation.

What is shifting cultivation?

Burning natural vegetation to release fertility. Then plant indigenous crops.

Why has it been difficult to establish cohesive states in Africa causing most of the civil conflicts?

Difficult to establish cohesive states in Africa because of Berlin Conference.

What is the Horn of Africa?

Peninsula in Northeast Africa.

What was apartheid?

Policy that governed relations between white minority and non-white majority and sanctioned racial segregation.

What was the major negative legacy of the Berlin Conference?

Realm acquired a legacy of political fragmentation and conflict from colonialism.

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

Regulated European colonization and trade in Africa.

What is the dominate state in Southern Africa?

South Africa.

The highest rates of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa are found in what part of the region?

Southern Africa.

What is an epidemic disease?

Sudden outbreak at local or regional scale.

What is the majority language spoken in East Africa?

Swahili.

What were the four major categories of apartheid?

White, Black, Indian, and Colored.

Who were the Afrikaners?

Group descended from predominately Dutch settlers.

What are the three major ethnic groups?

Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo.

What is the majority language spoken in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Hausa.

What is the majority language spoken in West Africa?

Hausa.

What language is most widely used in Equatorial Africa?

Hausa.

What is the dominate state in East Africa?

Kenya.

What is the Africa Transition Zone?

Known as the Sahel, a semi-arid region of grasslands created by the collision of the Sahara Desert and central African rain forests.

What is Sub-Saharan Africa's largest city?

Lagos, Nigeria.

What is Sub-Saharan Africa's largest lake?

Lake Victoria.

What is transhumance?

Moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle.

Who was the first person to be elected president in South Africa in free elections?

Nelson Mandela.

What is the dominate state in West Africa?

Nigeria.

Which major disease is pandemic and currently causing severe problems in the social structures of Sub-Saharan Africa?

AIDS have an impact on Africa.

What was Live Aid?

Concert held on 13 July 1985, music-based fundraising initiative.

What is a pandemic disease?

Continent or worldwide spread - malaria, cholera, yellow fever, AIDS, and influenza.

What is the major problem regarding available drugs to treat the symptoms of the numerous HIV/AIDS infections found in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Drugs are too expensive.

What is causing the wildlife populations to decline in the present?

Due to ecosystem distinction.

Where were they sent?

Enslaved Africans sent to Brazil, Caribbean, North America, and Southwest Asia.

How many Africans were believed to have been taken from Africa to the slave trade?

Estimated 12 million were taken from Africa 1500-1870.

What were the only African areas not colonized?

Ethiopia and Liberia only regions not colonized.

What is an endemic disease?

Exists in equilibrium with a population.

How is drought a problem in the Sahel?

Humans over-using natural resources in the region through overgrazing, deforestation and poor land management.

What caused the Second Gulf War?

Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein ordered the invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait in early August 1990.

What is the Great Rift Valley?

It is a three prong system. Only one that is active.

What factor has helped keep the large wildlife population alive?

Low population.

What role did disease play in European efforts to colonize Africa?

Malaria and other tropical diseases made it difficult for Europeans to establish countries.

What is the major source of income for the Nigerian economy?

Manufacturing.

What is unique about the Congo Basin?

Second largest tropical forest in the world.

What was Zionism?

Seeking a state/homeland for the Jews.

Who were the Boers?

Settlers.

What is unique about the Kalahari?

Some vegetation but is the largest space of open sand.

What is an internally displaced person?

Someone who is moved but in the border.

What is the Sahel?

Zone of ecological transition between Sarah and southern wetter savannas/forests.