lecture quiz: bones and joints
Many choice: Which of the following articulate with the humerus in the shoulder joint?
*Scapula, maybe clavicle
Imagine you were locked in a room for a year without exposure to sunlight. Your diet was healthy, but included no supplements. Which of the following would be of most concern?
*not brittle bones
Which of the following hormones increases when blood calcium drops?
*not calcitonin
If the gene for collagen were damaged such that the collagen in bone became non-functional, the bone tissue would be
*not flexible
Which of the following would result in lowest bone mass over two weeks?
*not low calcium while active
If we get insufficient sunlight, which of the following would be the most likely change to bone tissue?
*not more brittle
The structural units of spongy bone are
*not osteoblasts; not osteons; maybe lacunae???
Red bone marrow is found primarily in
Spongy bone
Where are blood cells synthesized?
Spongy bone
Many choice: Which of the following bones articulate with the femur at the knee?
The tibia
Many choice: Which of the following bones articulate with the humerus in the elbow?
The ulna, The radius
Moving the arm away from a mid-sagittal plane is called
Abduction
Raising the arm sideways (within a frontal plane) represents
Abduction
Which of the following is considered the most effective stimulus for bone growth in adults?
Weight bearing exercise and bone stress
Which of the following joint types is most stable?
An immovable joint
Many choice: In which of the following places would you find fibrocartilage?
An intervertebral joint, The joint at the pubic symphysis, The knee
Which of the following types of bone contains osteons?
Compact bone
Which of the following joint types is least stable?
A synovial joint
Bending our elbow 90 degrees from anatomical position is called
Flexion
Bringing the knee to the chest represents ________________ of the hip
Flexion
Chicken bones that are dissolved in vinegar for a week become flexible. This is due to elimination of ____________ from the bone.
Ground substance
Which of the following gives bone the ability to resist compression?
Ground substance
Many choice: Which of the following cells are involved in bone remodeling?
Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts
As a patient is developing osteoporosis,
Osteoclast activity is greater than osteoblast activity
Dissolving bone with vinegar is similar to the activity of which of the following cell types?
Osteoclasts
Which of the following cell types dissolves bone tissue?
Osteoclasts
Many choice: Which of the following are effectors in the feedback loop that helps maintain blood calcium homeostasis?
Osteoclasts, The kidney
Many choice: Which of the following cells live in lacunae?
Osteocytes, Chondrocytes
The organizational unit of compact bone is called a(n)
Osteon
Chronically elevated levels of which hormone would result in osteoporosis?
Parathyroid hormone
Which of the following hormones primarily elevates blood calcium
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Imagine you had a mutation that disrupted the gene encoding collagen. Which of the following would be of most concern?
not flexible skin or bones
The layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone is the
Periosteum
Which of the following gives bone some flexibility and resists stretching?
Protein fibers
Even without having studied a feedback loop that restores red blood cells mass after we bleed, you know that effector tissue in the feedback loop must be located in
Red bone marrow
The most mobile joint in the body is the
Shoulder
Many choice: Which of the following are synovial joints?
Shoulder, Knee
Which of the following would result in brittle bones?
Mutations in the gene encoding collagen
Which of the following cell types creates new bone?
Osteoblasts
Which of the following has the smallest blood supply?
Cartilage
As a long bone grows,
Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue
Many choice: Similarities between bone and hyaline cartilage include
Cells residing in lacunae
Growth of a long bone occurs at the
Epiphysis
In a long bone, red bone marrow is located in the
Epiphysis
Cartilage has a rich blood supply
False
An intervertebral disc contains
Fibrocartilage
The meniscus in the knee consists of
Fibrocartilage
The cartilage the covers the lateral condyle of the femur consists of
Hyaline cartilage
Which of the following makes up articular cartilage that reduces friction in joints?
Hyaline cartilage
In an adult, the joint between two parietal bones in the skull is
Immovable
Where would you look for osteocytes in a slide of bone tissue?
In lacunae
Many choice: Joints between adjacent vertebra include
Synovial joints, Fibrocartilaginous joints
Many choice: Which of the following is a component of a synovial joint
Synovial membrane, Articular cartilage, Joint capsule, Synovial fluid
Many choice: Which of the following is a synovial joint?
The facet joint between vertebra
A herniated disc involves damage to
The fibrocartilage between adjacent vertebral bodies
The primary sensors in the feedback loop that helps maintain blood calcium are
The parathyroid glands, Osteoclasts
Astronauts may run on a treadmill with elastic cords that stretch and contract to simulate gravity on earth. The most likely reason for this is
To provide stress on bone so that astronauts do not experience osteoporosis before returning to earth
Bone has a rich blood supply
True
Estrogen helps maintain bone mass
True
