lecture quiz: bones and joints

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Many choice: Which of the following articulate with the humerus in the shoulder joint?

*Scapula, maybe clavicle

Imagine you were locked in a room for a year without exposure to sunlight. Your diet was healthy, but included no supplements. Which of the following would be of most concern?

*not brittle bones

Which of the following hormones increases when blood calcium drops?

*not calcitonin

If the gene for collagen were damaged such that the collagen in bone became non-functional, the bone tissue would be

*not flexible

Which of the following would result in lowest bone mass over two weeks?

*not low calcium while active

If we get insufficient sunlight, which of the following would be the most likely change to bone tissue?

*not more brittle

The structural units of spongy bone are

*not osteoblasts; not osteons; maybe lacunae???

Red bone marrow is found primarily in

Spongy bone

Where are blood cells synthesized?

Spongy bone

Many choice: Which of the following bones articulate with the femur at the knee?

The tibia

Many choice: Which of the following bones articulate with the humerus in the elbow?

The ulna, The radius

Moving the arm away from a mid-sagittal plane is called

Abduction

Raising the arm sideways (within a frontal plane) represents

Abduction

Which of the following is considered the most effective stimulus for bone growth in adults?

Weight bearing exercise and bone stress

Which of the following joint types is most stable?

An immovable joint

Many choice: In which of the following places would you find fibrocartilage?

An intervertebral joint, The joint at the pubic symphysis, The knee

Which of the following types of bone contains osteons?

Compact bone

Which of the following joint types is least stable?

A synovial joint

Bending our elbow 90 degrees from anatomical position is called

Flexion

Bringing the knee to the chest represents ________________ of the hip

Flexion

Chicken bones that are dissolved in vinegar for a week become flexible. This is due to elimination of ____________ from the bone.

Ground substance

Which of the following gives bone the ability to resist compression?

Ground substance

Many choice: Which of the following cells are involved in bone remodeling?

Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts

As a patient is developing osteoporosis,

Osteoclast activity is greater than osteoblast activity

Dissolving bone with vinegar is similar to the activity of which of the following cell types?

Osteoclasts

Which of the following cell types dissolves bone tissue?

Osteoclasts

Many choice: Which of the following are effectors in the feedback loop that helps maintain blood calcium homeostasis?

Osteoclasts, The kidney

Many choice: Which of the following cells live in lacunae?

Osteocytes, Chondrocytes

The organizational unit of compact bone is called a(n)

Osteon

Chronically elevated levels of which hormone would result in osteoporosis?

Parathyroid hormone

Which of the following hormones primarily elevates blood calcium

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Imagine you had a mutation that disrupted the gene encoding collagen. Which of the following would be of most concern?

not flexible skin or bones

The layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone is the

Periosteum

Which of the following gives bone some flexibility and resists stretching?

Protein fibers

Even without having studied a feedback loop that restores red blood cells mass after we bleed, you know that effector tissue in the feedback loop must be located in

Red bone marrow

The most mobile joint in the body is the

Shoulder

Many choice: Which of the following are synovial joints?

Shoulder, Knee

Which of the following would result in brittle bones?

Mutations in the gene encoding collagen

Which of the following cell types creates new bone?

Osteoblasts

Which of the following has the smallest blood supply?

Cartilage

As a long bone grows,

Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue

Many choice: Similarities between bone and hyaline cartilage include

Cells residing in lacunae

Growth of a long bone occurs at the

Epiphysis

In a long bone, red bone marrow is located in the

Epiphysis

Cartilage has a rich blood supply

False

An intervertebral disc contains

Fibrocartilage

The meniscus in the knee consists of

Fibrocartilage

The cartilage the covers the lateral condyle of the femur consists of

Hyaline cartilage

Which of the following makes up articular cartilage that reduces friction in joints?

Hyaline cartilage

In an adult, the joint between two parietal bones in the skull is

Immovable

Where would you look for osteocytes in a slide of bone tissue?

In lacunae

Many choice: Joints between adjacent vertebra include

Synovial joints, Fibrocartilaginous joints

Many choice: Which of the following is a component of a synovial joint

Synovial membrane, Articular cartilage, Joint capsule, Synovial fluid

Many choice: Which of the following is a synovial joint?

The facet joint between vertebra

A herniated disc involves damage to

The fibrocartilage between adjacent vertebral bodies

The primary sensors in the feedback loop that helps maintain blood calcium are

The parathyroid glands, Osteoclasts

Astronauts may run on a treadmill with elastic cords that stretch and contract to simulate gravity on earth. The most likely reason for this is

To provide stress on bone so that astronauts do not experience osteoporosis before returning to earth

Bone has a rich blood supply

True

Estrogen helps maintain bone mass

True


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