leja exam 2
The police became more involved with people with mental disabilities in the ________, when a large number of institutions for those with mental disabilities closed because of cuts made to federal mental health funding.
1980s
Which age group has the greatest confidence in police?
65 and older
Most states have ________ justices on their high court.
7
Statistically, which officer is reported to experience the least amount of stress?
A White male officer
David works as one of the support personnel in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Which of the following is a position within the FBI that David is NOT likely to hold?
A special agent
Approximately how many cases does the U.S. Supreme Court hear each year?
100
About ________ of police-citizen interactions involve citizen resistance.
14 percent
Which of the following lists the policing eras from the oldest to the most recent in the correct order?
Slave patrols, the English model, the political era, and the professional era
________ is the extent of an individual's authority, or the number of individuals that one person is responsible for overseeing.
Span of control
In 2006, which of the following rules did the Supreme Court pass concerning suspected terrorists?
Special military courts could not try suspected terrorists being held at Guantanamo Bay.
The exclusionary rule states that:
evidence obtained in violation of an individual's Fourth Amendment rights cannot be used against him or her in a criminal trial.
A specialty court deals with:
family law issues.
Support activities of police include all of the following EXCEPT:
follow-up investigations.
Robert Smith spends his time going through the financial transactions of large businesses to make sure they are in compliance with federal law. Robert Smith is a:
forensic accountant.
Dr. Collins uses insect evidence to determine the time and place of death. Dr. Collins is a:
forensic entomologist.
Dr. Jones works in the county medical examiner's office. She spends her days determining the cause and time of death of murder victims. Dr. Jones is a:
forensic pathologist.
Which of the following is NOT a component of SARA, a model of problem-oriented policing?
Adjustment
It is argued that the judiciary lacks:
All of the answers are correct.
Training curricula of a police academy include:
All of the answers are correct.
What affects the solvability of a crime?
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following factors helps in determining whether the use of force by the police is reasonable in a situation?
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following is a form of elder abuse?
All of the answers are correct.
Why do police have the responsibility of enforcing traffic laws?
All of the answers are correct.
Special Agent Collins is a new agent with the Drug Enforcement Agency. While investigating a multitiered heroin trafficking ring, the agent arrests Todd, a low-level street dealer, based on satisfactory evidence. However, he forgets to read Todd his Miranda rights. While transporting Todd to the detention center, the agent questions him about the drug operation. Which of the following statements is true?
Any information that Special Agent Collins obtains during the transport to the detention center cannot be used against Todd in court.
Which of the following statements is true about Miranda rights?
Approximately 75 percent of suspects waive their Miranda rights.
During the political era of policing, street justice was practiced by officers. Which of the following would have been an example of street justice?
Slapping a suspect at the scene of the crime and letting the suspect go after a stern warning
________ is a component of community policing that increases the number of community residents active in policing by assigning civilians to tasks previously performed by sworn officers.
Civilianization
________ is considered the central nervous system of policing that coordinates the performance of law enforcement activities.
Communications
Which of the following is NOT a police resource?
Criminals
The ________ is the chief federal law enforcement department in the United States.
Department of Justice
________ allows officers to act in a manner they judge most appropriate in a given situation.
Discretion
What does the current research say about drug courts?
Drug courts tend to be effective for reducing drug use and recidivism for adults and youth.
When investigating a case of arson, Detective Rodriguez questions the crowd around the crime scene and believes one of the witnesses to be the culprit. He places the suspect under arrest. Which function of policing does arresting suspects fall under?
Enforcing the law
While interrogating a suspect for murder, the police beat and whipped the suspect in the interview room. This is a violation of the ________ Amendment.
Fifth
Which of the following is NOT an example of maintaining order?
Giving directions
Which of the following cases does NOT define the lawful use of force?
Mapp v. Ohio
Which of the following is NOT a result of fragmentation?
One agency is well coordinated. Everyone in this agency knows their responsibilities and performs them as expected without any overlap of service.
Who performs the bulk of police work?
Patrol officers
Which of the following statements is FALSE about police corruption?
Police occupational subculture explains why some officers are corrupt and others are not.
Federal prosecutors are appointed by the:
President
________ is the amount of evidence necessary to obtain a warrant or conduct most searches and seizures.
Probable cause
________ is a policing strategy based on conducting specific and detailed research on a community's challenges to discover the underlying dynamics of crime.
Problem-oriented policing
In ________, the Court recognized that on occasion police officers apply force that may eventually be determined unconstitutional yet remains protected by qualified immunity.
Saucier v. Katz
Which constitutional amendment prohibits a defendant from being tried twice for the same crime?
The Fifth Amendment
Justice Sonia Sotomayor was nominated by President Barack Obama. Who was responsible for confirming her nomination?
The Senate
Which of the following acts gave the government wide authority to engage in various kinds of electronic surveillance?
The USA PATRIOT Act
Which of the following statements is FALSE about warrants in the Fourth Amendment?
The government must obtain a warrant before agents can conduct any reasonable search.
Which of the following statements is true about the public opinion of police?
The public generally believes that racial profiling is more common than police brutality.
Cindy is robbed while working as a clerk in a convenience store. The police apprehend Mike, the suspect in the case. Who is considered the "legal" victim in the case once the trial begins?
The state
Why were a large number of institutions for the mentally ill closed?
There were cuts made to federal health care funding.
Which of the following is a feature of police departments in the United States?
They outnumber sheriffs' offices by four to one.
Why are police most often dispatched after a call?
To maintain order in a community
Special Agent Santiago currently works for the oldest federal law enforcement agency in the United States. He apprehends federal fugitives and also transports federal prisoners. Based on the information in the scenario, Santiago works for the ________.
U.S. Marshals Service
Bob is representing his client Ernest who has been charged with robbery. Bob learns that to pay for his legal defense, Ernest is going to commit another robbery while he is out on bail. If Bob does not report this future criminal act, he can be charged as:
an accessory.
Marcie works for a private law firm but takes indigent clients on a case-by-case basis and is paid a set fee for representing those clients. Marcie is:
an assigned counsel.
Sergeant Thomas is responsible for recruiting new police officers for his police department. His first step is:
attracting a sufficient number of applicants.
Municipal policing agencies receive most of their funds from:
city governments.
Line activities of police include all of the following EXCEPT:
communications
Detective Rivera worked as an undercover narcotics agent for many years. After several months of investigation, it was discovered that Detective Rivera was taking a lot of bribes from the individuals who smuggled narcotics. In this scenario, Rivera's action for personal gain is an example of ________.
corruption
The ________ maintains court records and schedules and also swears in jurors and witnesses in a trial.
court clerk
The judge in a criminal trial is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:
deciding which jurors will serve on the jury.
To appeal a conviction, the ________ files an appellate brief.
defendant
Dr. Lopez works for the criminal court in Miami, Florida. She interviews and examines defendants who are being tried for serious crimes. After she meets with the defendants, she determines if they are competent to stand trial. Dr. Lopez is a:
forensic psychologist.
A ________ is a panel of citizens who may investigate certain crimes and determine whether sufficient evidence exists to bring a defendant to trial.
grand jury
About ________ of all calls to police result in the dispatch of a police officer.
half
Police arrest in only about ________ the cases in which evidence of a crime is present.
half
In the context of policing, ________ refers to moral principles and professional standards that help officers resist the temptation to abuse their rights and privileges.
integrity
The opposite of misconduct is:
integrity
Police officers tend to dislike ________ calls, in part because they believe such incidents pose the greatest risk to their own safety.
intimate partner
Mandatory arrest policies were created to help reduce police discretion in incidents of:
intimate partner violence.
Sometimes juries choose not to apply criminal laws when they feel doing so would be unjust. This is an example of:
jury nullification.
An example of a court of limited jurisdiction is a:
juvenile court.
Maintaining order is also known as:
keeping the peace.
Police discretion is necessary because:
law and policies are vague and can be interpreted in many ways.
During a criminal trial of a murder suspect, the judge must decide all matters of:
law.
Federal courts have jurisdiction over all of the following cases EXCEPT cases involving:
less than $25,000 in controversy.
There is nothing more harmful to a law enforcement agency than:
officer misconduct.
In general, ________ are more likely to support community policing.
officers of color
A ________ is a small group of citizens who determine whether a criminal defendant is guilty of the crimes with which he or she is charged.
petit jury
Amy became a police officer because she wanted to reduce corruption in policing. She was hired because of her academic credentials and was properly trained. Amy was hired during the ________.
professional era of policing
A detective prepares the case for presentation to the ________, who reviews its worthiness for a court's scrutiny.
prosecutor
In a capital case, only the ________ can decide whether to seek the death penalty.
prosecutor
The peacekeeping system in which particular men were assigned the job of custodian and became responsible for patrolling the streets, lighting lanterns, serving as a lookout for fires, and generally keeping order was known as the ________.
watch system
Bob was a suspect in the kidnapping of an 11-year-old girl. Officer Adams noticed Bob leaving a grocery store and followed him. This led to a high-speed pursuit down several congested city streets. As a result of the pursuit, Officer Adams and Bob both hit several moving and stopped vehicles. Officer Adams and his police department will most likely not be held financially responsible for any harm caused because of:
qualified immunity.
The ________ is the array of calls for service awaiting handling.
queue
A Terry stop is permitted when police have ________ to believe that a person is engaged in criminal activity.
reasonable suspicion
As part of the ________ step in the SARA model of problem-oriented policing, a department will most likely learn how other jurisdictions have dealt with the same problem.
response
In the ________ step of the SARA model of problem-oriented policing, the police department identifies the problem, its consequences, the frequency with which it occurs, and any other information relevant to understanding it.
scanning
Detective Smith illegally tapped Johnny's phone and heard Johnny talk about a famous painting that he stole from the Museum of Modern Art. The detective used the information to obtain a warrant to search Johnny's home. In this scenario, the ________ would be the fruit of the poisonous tree.
search warrant
Informing suspects of their rights was seen as the only effective way to safeguard their privilege against:
self-incrimination.
Police view of themselves as a "band of brothers"—or "sisters"—against everyone else in society is known as ________.
siege mentality
The Supreme Court has allowed juries as small as ________ members.
six
A state's high court is often called the ________.
state supreme court
A police department's internal affairs unit consists of ________.
sworn personnel from within the agency
As their first job, newly appointed deputy sheriffs commonly serve a stint in ________.
the county's jail facility
Overall, ________ of the people who experienced use of force believed that the force used against them was excessive.
three-fourths
A ________ is a group of people called to be prospective jurors.
venire
The greatest influence on the decision to arrest is the:
victim's preference for arrest.
John, William, and Abraham were residents who organized themselves to punish people who were deemed to be outlaws during the 1800s. Based on the scenario, John, William, and Abraham are called ________.
vigilantes
The ________ test established by the Supreme Court means that confessions are inadmissible unless made willingly.
voluntariness
