Lesson 10 Q

a molecule (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) that is a high-energy electron carrier involved in photosynthesis, which stores energy by accepting high-energy protons; this molecule is formed when the electrons released from the splitting of water are passed to NADP+

NADPH

a molecule that temporarily stores energy for cellular activity in all living organisms; it is composed of a sugar molecule and a chain of three negatively charged phosphate groups

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

vascular, seed-producing flowering and fruit bearing plants, in which the seeds are enclosed in an ovule within the ovary. this is the most diverse group of plants with around 250,000 species

angiosperm

of the groups mentioned below, the fungi are most closely related to

animals

the concurrent appearance over time, through natural selection, of traits in interacting species that enable each species to become adapted to the other; an example is the 11-inch-long tongue of a moth that feeds from the 11-inch-long nectar tube of an orchid

coevolution

a symbiotic relationship between species in which one benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed

commensalism

a primitive vascular seedless plant that reproduces with spores

fern

which of the following is not an example of gymnosperm

ferns

the fusion of two reproductive cells

fertilization

the part of an angiosperm that contains the reproductive structures; it consists of a supporting a stem with modified leaves (the petals and sepals) and usually contains both male and female reproductive structures

flower

the mature ovary of a flower that houses seeds for dispersal

fruit

organisms that are mostly multicellular, sessile decomposers

fungi

ovaries contain ovules. ovaries mature into fruits and ovules mature into seeds. using this information, determine which of the following "vegetables" is technically a fruit

green beans

vascular plants that do not produce their seeds in a protective structure, but are usually found on the surface of the scales of a cone-like structure; includes conifers (the most abundant plants in this group), cycads, gnetophytes, and ginkgo

gymnosperm

what is the #1 threat to biodiversity of plants

habitat destruction due to climate change and development

long strings of cells that make up the mycelium of a multicellular fungus

hyphae

what would be the effect on a plant if you planted it in soil without miccorhizal fungi

it would have difficulty acquiring nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen, and would probably die

the chief site of photosynthesis in most plants; forms the shoot system together with stems

leaf

symbiotic partnership between fungi and chlorophyll containing algae or cyanobacteria, or both

lichens

root fungi- symbiotic associations in which the fungus receives sugar from the plant, and in return the fungus transfers nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil to the plant

mycorrhizae

in plant roots, a round lump containing plant cells and nitrogen-fixing bacteria

nodule

plants that do not have vessels to transport water and dissolved nutrients, but rely on diffusion; bryophytes are an example of these

non-vascular plants

an enclosed chamber at the base of the carpel of a flower that contains the ovule

ovary

the structure within the ovary of flowering plants that gives rise to female egg cells

ovule

the accumulation in the atmosphere of oxygen released by cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic organisms. allowed aerobic organisms to evolve

oxygen revolution

roots are important to the survival of a plant, such that many plants devote more than half of their energy to root production. which of the following is NOT a vital function the root performs for a plant

performing minor levels of photosynthesis

which of the following is NOT an example of angiosperm

pine trees

members of the kingdom plantae, which are multicellular eukaryotes having cell walls made up primarily of cellulose, contain true tissues, and produce their own food by photosynthesis; they are sessile and most inhabit terrestrial environments

plants

chemical defenses are more common among plants than animals because

plants cannot move to escape predators and so must develop other deterrents

a structure that contains the male gametophyte of a seed plant

pollen grain

the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower

pollination

a sub-field of ecology that studies the interactions between populations of organisms of a species and their environment

population ecology

the part of a vascular plant, usually below ground, that absorbs water and minerals from the soil and transports them through vascular tissue to the rest of the plant, and that anchors the plant in place

root

which of the following plant structures has a symbiotic relationship with bacteria

roots

which of the following plant structures contains vasculature

roots; stems; leaves; ALL OF THE ABOVE

the above-ground part of a plant, consisting of stems and leaves, and sometimes flowers and fruits. the stem contains vascular tissue and supports the leaves, the main photosynthetic organ of the plant

shoot

spaces between stacks of thylakoids in the chloroplast where chemical energy is synthesized into sugar

stroma

in most cases, the relationship between roots and fungi in mycorrhizae can best be described as

symbiosis

which of the following is a characteristic of gymnosperms

they are wind-pollinated

what is NOT a common characteristic of mosses and liverworts

they use animals to help them reproduce

structure within a chloroplast where the chlorophyll is located

thylakoid

plants that transport water and dissolved nutrients by means of vascular tissue, a system of tubes that extends from the roots through the stem and into the leaves

vascular plants

three groups of plants (the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses) that lack vascular tissue and move water and dissolved nutrients by diffusion

bryophytes

in photosynthesis, a series of chemical reactions in the stroma of chloroplasts, in which sugar molecules are assembled

calvin cycle

which of the following is NOT a fruit

carrot

a light-absorbing pigment molecule in chloroplasts

chlorophyll

the organelle in plant cells in which photosynthesis occurs

chloroplast