Lesson #4: France and the Seven Years War, 1492-1763

George Washington

(1732-1799) no political party. Virginian who began as a commander and chief in the Revolutionary war. Had no desire to become president but the people wanted a strong national leader. Set prescient for many things, including the two terms rule. Warned US against being involved in foreign politics.

Quebec

-1st permanent French colony; founded by Samuel de Champlain -Extended boundaries of Quebec and granted equal rights to Catholics and recognized legality Catholic Church in the territory; colonists feared this meant that a pope would soon oversee the colonies.

Cajuns

-An ethnic group possessing unique linguistic, religious, and other cultural traits, located in Louisiana and surrounding areas with historical roots in Canada -French colonists who moved primarily to Louisiana after being forced out of Nova Scotia (Acadia) by the British

The Treaty of Paris 1763

-Colonies gained control over entire region between Canada and Florida east of the Mississippi. It also gave Americans the right to fish in the waters off of Canada -When France and Spain were planning to achieve an agreement unfavorable to the U.S., the American envoys negotiated a separate treaty with Britain. The final agreement had six terms...1) The U.S. was recognized as an independent nation by the major European powers, including Britain. 2) Its western boundary was set at the Mississippi River; 3) Its southern boundary was set at 31 degrees north latitude(the northern boundary of Florida); 4) Britain retained Canada but had to surrender Florida to Spain; 5) Private British creditors would be free to collect any debts owed by U.S. citizens; and 6) Congress was to recommend that the states restore confiscated loyalist property.

The Fur Trade

-Did the most to shape the growth of New France -The French developed this trade to help sustain their colonies, but it also disrupted Native American patterns of trade and life.

Samuel Champlain

-Explorer who set up France's first colony in North America French explorer founded trading post of Quebec/ father of New France/ French Sailor. Sent by King Henry to be governor of New France. Attempts failed until him. He established a Fur Trading Post in Quebec. Also established alliances with Native American groups which helped the Native American groups defeat the Iroquois.

Saint Lawrence River

-French controled it in order to promote economic profit for the home country -Links the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean

French Louisiana

-La Salle continued Champlain's exploration to find a river -Colonial French Louisiana was a part of New France. Beginning in 1682 this region, known in French as la Louisiane française,[1] functioned as an administrative district of New France. It extended from the Gulf of Mexico to Vincennes, now in Indiana. France ceded the region to Spain and Britain in 1763 after the French and Indian War, regained it by treaty in 1800, and sold it to the United States in 1803 through the Louisiana Purchase.

Detroit

-Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec. French and Hurons, who have been at war with Iroquois, develop peaceful relationship. Iroquois thus develop a hatred for the French settlers. -Samuel de Champlain is named governor of New France (Montreal). Settlement begins. 1610 Samuel de Champlain is believed by some to have been in the Detroit area. If true, he is the first known non-Native American to see the site of Detroit.

Acadia

-located on the eastern coast of Canada, Acadia consists of NB, NS, and PEI. Was a very important strategic position for both France and Britain. Represented a base for attacking each other and for protecting their own colonies and trade routes. Also was home of the Mi'kmaq.

The French and Indian War

..., (1754-1763) was the North American chapter of the Seven Years War. The name refers to the two main enemies of the British: the royal French forces and the various American Indian forces allied with them. The conflict, the fourth such colonial war between the kingdoms of France and Great Britain, resulted in the British conquest of all of New France east of the Mississippi River, as well as Spanish Florida.

Spanish Texas

1519-1821; period begins when Alonso Alveraz de Pineda maps the Texas coastline in search of a stait to the Pacific Ocean and includes Spanish rule (1716-1821)

North America in 1763

1763. The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War. It was signed by Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. Preferring to keep Guadeloupe, France gave up Canada and all of its claims to territory east of the Mississippi River to Britain.

The Great Lakes

A chain of freshwater lakes (Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) located in eastern North America, on the Canada- United States border. They form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth.

Fort Necessity

A hastily built British fort where Washington attempted to defeat the French. However, the French took the fort and forced Washington to surrender.

The Battle of the Plains of Abraham

Also known as the Battle of Quebec the British won that battle. What was the name of the last significant battle of the Seven Years' War?

Acadian Deportation

British commanders forced seven thousand Acadian (French) people leaving their homeland. Seperated families. Dispersed into widely scattered communities.

Fort Saint Louis

Despite Indian attacks, overwork, malnutrition, and other misfortunes La Salle and the French were able to finish work on ___ ___ ___ located on Garcitas Creek

The Ohio Valley

England and France considered it to be the most valuable possession the North America and so it became the dispute of the Seven Years' War

Militia v. Professional Soldiers

George W. had farmers -French had an army(British Redcoats)

Fort William Henry Massacre

It is best known as the site of notorious atrocities committed by the Huron tribes against the surrendered British and provincial troops following a successful French siege in 1757, an event portrayed in James Fenimore Cooper's novel, The Last of the Mohicans, first published in January 1826.

Haiti

Once considered the jewel of French colonial possessions, which country was home to the first successful slave rebellion and the second country in the Americas to become independent (after the United States)?

Green Bay

Samuel de Champlain, the founder of New France, commissioned Jean Nicolet to form a peaceful alliance with Native Americans in the western areas, whose unrest interfered with French fur trade, and to search for a shorter trade route to China through Canada. Nicolet and others had learned from other First Nations of the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) people, who identified as "People of the Sea", and believed they must reside on or near the Pacific Ocean.[9] Champlain had also heard about natural resources in the area, including fertile soil, forests, and animals. Nicolet began his journey for this new land shortly before winter in 1634.[10] In what later became a French fur-trading route, he sailed up the Ottawa River, through Lake Nipissing and down the French River to Lake Huron, then through the straits of Michilimackinac into Lake Michigan. He is believed to have landed at Red Banks, near the site of the modern-day city of Green Bay, Wisconsin.[11]

The War of Austrian Succession

Started in December of 1740 when Frederick II seized the Austrian province of Silesia, violating the Pragmatic Sanction. Silesia was very important because it had a lot of iron. France decided to help Prussia (their traditional enemy), drawing Great Britain into the war as well. This French-Britain conflict expanded beyond Europe into the New World. The war ended in a stalemate in 1748 with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Braddock's March

The Braddock expedition, also called Braddock's campaign or, more commonly, Braddock's Defeat, was a failed British military expedition which attempted to capture the French Fort Duquesne (modern-day downtown Pittsburgh) in the summer of 1755 during the French and Indian War.

Iroquois Expansion

The French and Iroquois Wars (also called the Iroquois Wars or the Beaver Wars) were an intermittent series of conflicts fought in the late 17th century in eastern North America, in which the Iroquois sought to expand their territory and take control of the role of middleman in the fur trade between the French and the tribes of the west. The conflict pitted the nations of the Iroquois Confederation, led by the dominant Mohawk tribe, against the largely Algonquin tribes of the area and their French allies. The wars were ones of extreme brutality on both sides and considered one of the bloodiest series of conflicts in the history of North America. The resultant expansion in Iroquois territory realigned the tribal geography of North America, pushing several eastern tribes west of the Mississippi River. The conflict subsided with the loss by the Iroquois of their Dutch allies in the New Netherland colony, and with a growing French desire to seek the Iroquois as an ally against English encroachment.

The Ohio Company

The Ohio Company, formally known as the Ohio Company of Virginia, was a land speculation company organized for the settlement by Virginians of the Ohio Country (approximately the present state of Ohio) and to trade with the Native Americans. The company had a land grant from Britain and a treaty with Indians, but France also claimed the area, and the conflict helped provoke the 'outbreak' of the French and Indian War.[1]

The Five "Civilized" Tribes

The term "Five Civilized Tribes" derives from the colonial and early federal period. It refers to five Native American nations—the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek (Muscogee), and Seminole.[1] These are the first five tribes that Anglo-European settlers generally considered to be "civilized" according to their own world view, because these five tribes adopted attributes of the colonists' culture,[2] for example, Christianity, centralized governments, literacy, market participation, written constitutions, intermarriage with white Americans, and plantation slavery practices. The Five Civilized Tribes tended to maintain stable political relations with the Europeans.

Jacques Cartier

This Frenchman explored the coast of Canada and claimed it for the French, French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)

The Seven Years War

This was an eighteenth-century war fought in Europe, India, and North America. One of the major outcomes was England beating France to become the world's leading colonial power. The North American part of the war is called the French and Indian War. In this conflict, waged from 1756-1763, the British achieved a worldwide military victory on an unprecedented scale -- Great Britain was now a world power, not just a European one

Robert La Salle

Traveled to the mouth of the Mississippi River and claimed all the territory surrounding the river for France; named the territory Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV

French Exploration

When colonization did begin in 1600s, French efforts were directed toward both the northern region of North America (think Canada). Established their own colonies and trading networks to compete with Portuguese and Spanish dominance.