Lifespan Chap 3

_62_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol Carmelita has smoked an average of one pack of cigarettes per day throughout her pregnancy. How is this likely to affect her fetus? P 67

Cognitive/social development, antisocial, ADHD

20_How Genes Influence Development genomic A chemical label that identifies whether a gene came from one's father or mother P 53

Father

45_Prenatal Development A normally developing fetus has reached a length of 12 inches and weighs about one pound. Using ultrasound, it is possible to tell if the fetus is male or female. In which stage of development is this fetus? P 61

Fetal Stage

71_Other Maternal Influences on Prenatal Development When researchers have examined the relationship between maternal emotions and prenatal development, the most consistent finding has been that __________________. P 70

Fetuses of severely distressed mothers tend to grow more slowwly

06_The Process of Conception What is the difference between gametes and all other body cells? P 49

Gametes are 23 unpaired chromosomes for specific traits

64_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol Mrs. Lincoln is receiving information and advice about prenatal care from her healthcare team. With regard to alcohol, what advice will they most likely give Mrs. Lincoln? P 67

None (will stunt growth, smaller brains)

69_Other Maternal Influences on Prenatal Development Pregnant women should eat foods high in folic acid, such as beans or spinach, during pregnancy. What is the purpose of this dietary recommendation? P 68

Inadequate amounts lead to Spina Bifida (neural tube defects)

02_The Process of Conception Where does the fertilization of the ovum take place in a normal pregnancy? P 49

One of two ovaries

03_The Process of Conception The nucleus of the typical human cell contains how many chromosomes? P 49

23 pairs (gametes contain 23 single)

26_Genetic Disorders What percent of congenital disorders result from harmful genes or faulty chromosomes? P 54

30%

07_The Process of Conception Sex differentiation begins at around ______to _____weeks of gestation. P 50

4 to 8

19_How Genes Influence Development Recent research has found that diseases that appear as we age may be a result ________. P 53

??

14_How Genes Influence Development My father has type A blood and my mother has type O blood. What will my blood type be? P 52

A and B are Dominant, O is recessive so TYPE A!

43_Prenatal Development The best example of the proximodistal pattern of development during the prenatal period is... P 59

Center develops before outward extremities

58_How Teratogens Influence Development Nadia is exposed to high levels of radiation during the 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks of gestation. Which organ structures in the fetus are most likely to show abnormalities? P 64

Central Nervous system, eyes, ear?

42_Prenatal Development Explain why the human brain develops before the reproductive system? P 59

Cephalocaudal Pattern, develops head downward

66_Maternal Diseases What is true regarding prenatal infection with HIV? P 68

Infects children, ill within 2 years, weakens immune system

57_Prenatal Behavior a conclusion drawn from The Cat in the Hat studies: That newborn infants respond to sounds that they heard during the...trimester of development P 64

Last trimester (final 6 weeks)

30_Genetic Disorders Which genetic disorders usually does not express symptoms until adulthood? P 55

disorders caused by dominant genes

38_The Mother's Experience Not long after Gloria found out she was pregnant, she began having pain. When she went to her doctor, she was told that the zygote had implanted in her fallopian tube rather than in her uterus. What type of pregnancy is this? P 58

ectopic pregnancy

36_Chromosomal Errors What is typical for individuals who have sex chromosome anomalies? P 57

low cognitive? test scores/verbal?

23_How Genes Influence Development Janae and Sean are siblings who come from a family with a history of anxiety. Janae is somewhat anxious but generally takes things in stride. Sean, however, is always concerned about his health, his job, and his family even when there is no reason. Which of the following concepts best explains the difference between Janae and Sean? P 53

"individuals differ in their reactivity to the environment"

08_Research Report The study of____________twins is important because it helps us, to some extent, identify genetic versus environmental causes of behavior. P 51

.Identical (b/c same zygote so same genetic code)

63_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol What does current research say about smoking during pregnancy? P 67

1/2 lb lighter at birth, learning problems, antisocial

55_Prenatal Development Synapses are formed following the development of which of the neural structures? P 62

Axons and Dendrites

12_How Genes Influence Development Phillip has red hair, which comes from a recessive gene. This must mean that Phillip received the gene from ________. P 52

Both parents

70_Other Maternal Influences on Prenatal Development ____________ is associated with maternal malnutrition. P 68

Brain Stunting

17_How Genes Influence Development Skylar has brown eyes, thin lips, and curly brown hair. Which of these traits is polygenic?

Brown eyes

68_Maternal Diseases Gina appeared to be a healthy pregnant woman but her baby was born with central nervous system damage, and later it was determined that the child was completely deaf and has mental retardation. What would be the most likely cause? P 68

Cytomegalovirus infected baby prenatal

04_The Process of Conception Chromosomes are composed of which of the following? P 49

DNA, genes control specific characteristics

15_How Genes Influence Development Example of the expressivity of genes: Linda received a ___________ gene for freckles from her father, but Linda's freckles are smaller, lighter, and more widely scattered than those of her father. P 52

Dominant

11_How Genes Influence Development Which trait controlled by a dominant gene? P 52

Dominant-recessive Pattern

73_Birth Choices How are newborn infants affected by medications given to the mother during the birthing process? P 72

Drugs enter placenta, babies more sluggish, gain less weight, sleep more

49_Prenatal Development Which stage begins when implantation is complete and continues through organogenesis? P 59-61

Embryonic

51_Prenatal Development At what point does the fetal period begin? P 61

End of week 8, growth, involves organ systems essential to life after womb

09_How Genes Influence Development Which terms describes an individual's unique genetic blueprint, which is created from genes contributed by both parents? P 51

Genotype

47_Prenatal Development A blastocyst is floating inside of Daria's uterus. In what stage is Daria's pregnancy? P 59

Germinal Stage

46_Prenatal Development_ Lists the stages of prenatal development in order of progression. P 61

Germinal, Embryonic, Fetal

56_Prenatal Development What serve to hold neurons together? P 62

Glial cells

75_Assessing the Neonate What aspects of neonatal functioning is assessed by the Apgar scale? P 76

Health of babies 1-10 (0, 1, 2) heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle tone, response to stimulation of feet, color

60_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol The influence of heroin and methadone upon prenatal and infant development? P 67

Miscarriage, premature labor, early death (withdrawal symptoms up to 4 months)

18_How Genes Influence Development trait that is passed through mitochondrial inheritance is passed from a _______ to her children. P 53

Mother's eggs

33_Chromosomal Errors Which individuals has the greatest risk for bearing a child with trisomy 21? P 54

Mothers over 35 (over 45 is 1 in every 50 births)

13_How Genes Influence Development Under what circumstance(s) will a recessive gene be expressed? P 52

Must receive a recessive gene from both parents.

54_Prenatal Development Describe neuronal proliferation. P 61

Neurons from quickly weeks 10-18, migrate to brain, develop connections

10_How Genes Influence Development Meko has dark hair and dark eyes, even though his biological mother is fair-skinned. Meko's hair and eye color are part of his__________________________________. P 51

Phenotype

48_Prenatal Development What is formed from cells from the outer layer of the blastocyst and the uterine wall? P 59

Placenta

16_How Genes Influence Development What is the term for the pattern of inheritance in which many genes influence a trait? P 53

Polygenic Inheritance

50_Prenatal Development Organogenesis is _________________________. P 61

Process of organ development

01_The Process of Conception After ejaculation ___ travel the following path: the woman's_____ , _____,_____and fallopian tube. P 49

Sperm Vagina, Cervix, Uterus

74_The Physical Process of Birth What is the final stage of labor? P 73

Stage 3: Placenta comes loose and about to emerge "Afterbirth"

34_Chromosomal Errors Reese is anatomically female, but did not develop breasts or menstruate at puberty and needed hormone therapy. With what was Reese most likely born? P 57

Turner's Syndrome

72_Fetal Assessment and Treatment What is a commonly used prenatal diagnostic procedure? P 71

Ultrasonography

44_Prenatal Development The embryonic stage of gestation covers what time period? P 59

Week 2-8

52_Prenatal Development When does a developing infant begin to respond to sound? P 61

Weeks 13-16

53_Prenatal Development Lorna notices that her fetus has begun to kick and move. Her physician tells her that she can hear a heartbeat with a stethoscope. Lorna is most likely at what point in her pregnancy? P 61

Weeks 17-20

05_The Process of Conception What is the term used to describe cells that unite at conception? P 49

Zygote

31_Chromosomal Errors What is a trisomy? P 56

a child has three copies of a specific chromosome

61_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol What are the effects of maternal cocaine use on fetuses and infants? P 67

abusive mother, environment mixes with drug and causes developmental issues

25_Genetic Disorders Phenylketonuria is an example of ______disorder. P 54

autosomal disorder

_67_Maternal Diseases_ What maternal disease is not a sexually transmitted disease that can be passed to the fetus during vaginal birth? P 67

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

40_The Mother's Experience What is a condition that can cause a baby to grow too rapidly and result in premature labor or an infant that is too large for a vaginal birth? P 58

gestational diabetes

32_Chromosomal Error What is the prognosis for children born with trisomy 13 or 18? P 56

mental retardation, facial features, smaller brains, physical abnormalities

28_Genetic Disorders What is an autosomal dominant disorder? P 55

huntington's disease- brain deteriorates and affects psychological and motor functions

39_The Mother's Experience What is associated with the second trimester of pregnancy? P 58

increase appetite, morning sickness, "show"

35_Chromosomal Errors What is the most common sex-chromosome anomaly?

klinefelter's syndrome (boys-underdeveloped testes)

21_How Genes Influence Development What are physical traits that are influenced by both genes and the environment? P 54

multi-factorial inheritance

22_How Genes Influence Development Samson is taller and has a higher IQ than either of his parents. What terms would be used to explain this? P 53

multi-factorial inheritance

29_Genetic Disorders Most sex-linked disorders are caused by _______ genes. P 55

recessive

24_Genetic Disorders The genes that cause sex-linked disorders are found on the . P 54

recessive genes

27_Genetic Disorders What is caused by a gene on the X chromosome?

sex-linked

65_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol What is a characteristic of a child born with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder? P 67

smaller, heart defects, hearing loss, long nose, mild retardation (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, FAS)

59_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol Your friend is taking Accutane for her adult acne. She comes to you and says that she thinks she is pregnant. What is the best advice that you can give her? P 65

stop taking it... Might cause facial/ear/heart deformities

41_The Mother's Experience Salina is becoming emotionally attached to her unborn fetus. Her breasts are secreting colostrum. Salina is most likely in which trimester? P 58

third

37_The Mother's Experience What happens with the zygote during the first trimester of pregnancy? P 57

zygote implants on lining of uterus, sends signals to stop menstrual period