lifetime fitness and wellness
______ act(s) to emulsify fats in the small intestine, suspending them in digestive juices to enhance the action of digestive enzymes.
Bile Acids
Fat digestion is rapid and thorough in the small intestine under what "right" circumstances?
Bile is released from the gallbladder. Lipase breaks triglycerides down to monoglycerides.
Which of the following lipoproteins arise from the liver?
HDLs VLDLs
Fatty acids cannot be converted to
carbs
High fat foods with hidden fat may include
cheese. nuts. whole milk
As fatty acids are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine, they are packaged as ______ for transport through the lymphatic system.
chylomicrons
Which lipoprotein has the highest percentage of cholesterol?
ldl
Which lipids are primary components of cell membranes
phospholipids cholesterol
Some foods high in fat include
shortening. mayonnaise. butter.
What are some examples of fat replacements used by food manufacturers to reduce fat while maintaining taste and texture?
starch derivatives gums Olestra
Fatty acids taken up by muscle cells can be
stored as muscle triglycerides. used as a source of energy.
What are some good food sources of phospholipids?
wheat germ peanuts liver
Which of the following are food sources high in saturated fat?
whole milk cheeseburger
What is a triglyceride?
A molecule consisting of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol
Which of the following lipoproteins contains triglycerides from the diet as an exogenous source rather than endogenous triglycerides formed in the liver?
Chylomicrons
Women possess ____ percentage of body fat than men.
a greater
Cholesterol is found only in _______ products.
animal
The main sources of saturated fat in American diets are
animal fats.
Small amounts of trans fatty acids are found naturally in
beef. butter. milk.
Lipoprotein lipase breaks down triglycerides in the
bloodstream.
Your body _____ make all the phospholipid it needs.
can
Cholesterol ______.
can be made in the liver
When consumed in excess _______ can be converted to fat in the body
carbohydrate protein
The two major energy sources for the production of ATP during exercise are
carbohydrates. fats.
Some plant foods such as nuts, seeds and avocados
contain mostly unsaturated fat. are high in fat.
Most plant foods such as vegetables, fruits, beans and whole-grains
contain mostly unsaturated fat. are low in fat.
To determine the percentage of calories from fat in a food, _________ and then multiply by 100
divide the calories from fat by the calories per serving.
Intramuscular triglycerides are referred to as
intramyocellular triacylglycerol.
Pair the by-products from chylomicron digestion to their correct final destinations in the body.
Free fatty acids-Absorbed by cells Glycerol-Circulates back to the liver Chylomicron remnant- Removed from circulation by the liver
What are some examples of foods that contain cholesterol?
Lean ground beef Eggs Turkey
What enzyme breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodstream?
Lipoprotein lipase
A class of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but are soluble in certain solvents like ether or alcohol are called
lipids
Identify the nutrient class that consists of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol.
lipids
The form of fat that is primarily used as an energy source during exercise is
long chain fatty acids.
Tips to reduce the fat content of your diet include
Remove the skin from poultry. Choose lean cuts of poultry. Trim the visible fat from meats
which characteristics of body fat distribution and metabolism are different in women compared to men?
The activity of a key enzyme in fat metabolism is greater. Muscle lipid content is greater. The percentage of total body fat is greater.
______ are the major form of lipids found in foods and in the human body.
Triglycerides
An important component made from lipids in the sheath covering nerve fibers is called
myelin
Cholesterol is one of the lipids known as
sterols
What are some examples of foods that may contain trans fats?
stick margarine potato chips French fries
If a food contains 90 calories per serving and each serving contains 30 calories from fat, what is the percentage of calories from fat in that food?
33
Medium chain triglycerides are digested and absorbed ______ compared to long chain triglycerides.
faster
An Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) of 20-35% is what the National Academy of Science has set for
fat
The fat soluble vitamins A D E K are provided by consuming sources of dietary
fat
Reasons why fat is an efficient way for the body to store energy include:
fat has 9 kcal/gram. there is much less water in body fat.
The greatest amount of energy stored in the body is
fat in the form of triglycerides.
We need dietary fat to provide
fat soluble vitamins. a concentrated source of energy. essential fatty acids.
A food product designed to provide the taste and texture of fat but without the calories from fat, saturated fat or cholesterol contains
fat substitute
Low levels of fat are found in
flounder
A ______ is a type of lipid that contains a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphorus group.
phospholipid
Lecithin is an example of a
phospholipid.
Which of the following substances are types of lipids?
triglycerides cholesterol phospholipids
From top to bottom, place the steps of dietary fat absorption in the order they occur.
very minor fat digestion in the stomach fat is digested into mainly glycerol triglycerides are packaged
Lipids are a diverse group of chemical compounds. Which of the following properties do all types of lipids have in common?
Are soluble in alcohol. Do not readily dissolve in water
After lipoprotein lipase releases fatty acids from the chylomicron
the fatty acids enter the cell via long chain fatty acid receptors. the glycerol is transported to the liver to make glucose. the fatty acids are absorbed into the cell by simple diffusion.