Lipids

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Fatty Acids

Comprised of a hydrocarbon chain. most lipids have fatty acids in their chemical structure.

Trans Fat

Unsaturated fats that have one trans bond instead of the cis configuration

Hypertension

a chronic condition of abnormally high blood pressure

Thrombus

a fixed bunch of clots that remains in place and disrupts blood flow

Arteriosclerosis

a result of atherosclerosis, a hardening of the arteries. Causes hypertension.

Essential Fatty Acids

alpha-linoleic and linoleic acid, Omega 3 and Omega 6

what type of foods is cholesterol found in?

animal foods

Pancreatic lipase

digests triglycerides by removing two fatty acids from the glycerol

what are some things that cause atherosclerosis?

excess cholesterol or glucose, cigarettes, bacteria

whats the difference between fats and oils

fats are solid at room temperature

What does the cis bond do the the hydrocarbon chain?

forms a kink

What types of foods contain the most trans fat?

processed foods and margarines

Long Chain Fatty Acids

14-24 carbons

Short Chain Fatty Acids

2-4 carbons

Saturated Fat

Each carbon within the chain of a fatty acid is filled with hydrogen atoms

What is a thrombus called if a thrombus breaks free?

Embolus

what process creates trans fat?

Hydrogenation

Trans fats do what do the shelf life of food

increase it by 20%, because trans fats are less likely to undergo oxidation

is cholesterol digested?

no.

enterohepatic circulation

recycling of bile salts

Prostaglandins

stimulate urinary contractions, regulate blood flow, stimulate immune and inflammatory responses

Adipose Cells

store fat

Atherosclerosis

stressors cause irritation in blood vessels and and the immune system responds by producing inflammation, which deposits cholesterol under the arteries lining

Phospholipids

structurally similar to a triglyceride, but one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphorus group

If a thrombus blocks blood flow in the heart, what happens?

the muscle dies, and and myocardial infraction occurs

why are phospholipids partially water soluble?

the phosphorus containing portion of the molecule is hydrophilic.

what is the primary site of lipid digestion?

the small intestine

how can phospholipids act as an emulsifier?

they have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Medium Chain Fatty Acids

6-12 carbons

Triglyceride

Three Fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone

Which is more solid at room temperature, fats with a lot of trans fatty acids or cis fatty acids?

Trans fatty acids

Unsaturated Fat

Two neighboring carbons within a fatty acid chain are missing town hydrogen atoms, and double bond holds them together

Stroke

a clot that results from a clot in the brain

Cholesterol

a complex type of lipid, a component of every cell membrane in your body

hydrogenation

adding of hydrogen atoms to some unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oil. converts many of the cis bonds into trans bonds.

Lipase

breaks down triglycerides and phospholipids

Low Density Lipoprotein

carries more cholesterol, and takes it to the tissues

High Density Lipoprotein

carries more protein than cholesterol. takes lipids away from from tissues to the liver

Very Low Density Lipoproteins

carry a larger share of triglycerides than cholesterol

If you interfere with the recycling of bile salts, what happens? how do you do it?

cholesterol lowers, fiber interferes with the recycling of bile salts

Bile

contains bile salts, which keeps lipids from globbing up

Cardiovascular Disease

disease of the heart and blood vessels

What is a common emulsifier used in baking?

eggs

Polyunsaturated Fat

has more than one double bond linking carbons

Monounsaturated Fat

has only one double bond linking two carbon atoms

what does the liver use cholesterol for?

to make bile

Lipoproteins

water soluble structures that transport lipids through the bloodstream


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