live growth chapter 10 and 11
Which of the following is Erikson's fifth developmental stage? autonomy versus shame and doubt identity versus identity confusion initiative versus guilt intimacy versus isolation
identity versus identity confusion
The new model of parent-adolescent relationships emphasizes that in most families, parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe. parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful throughout adolescence. parents should take an authoritarian approach to control the lives of adolescents. even minor parent-adolescent conflicts are not normal and should be avoided as much as possible.
in most families, parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe.
A longitudinal study revealed that most bad health habits that were engaged in during adolescence _____ in emerging adulthood. did not continue receded increased remained unchanged
increased
Dylan was recently diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. The infection led to sores developing on his anus. Eventually, a skin rash broke out on the bottom of his feet. Given this information, it can be said that Dylan was diagnosed with chlamydia. genital herpes. syphilis. genital warts.
syphilis.
Given the data provided by the 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, adding up the daily media use figures to obtain weekly media use leads to the staggering level of more than _____ hours a week of media use by 11- to 14-year-olds. 20 40 60 100
60
The largest increases in media use in early adolescence are for listening to music on MP3 players. TV and video games. electronic books and DVDs. chatting with friends on cell phones.
TV and video games.
Meghan and her group of five girls are all enthusiastic gymnasts. They hang out together after school and go to the mall on weekends. They are all of the same age and have similar tastes in music and food and, as a result, enjoy each other's company. Which of the following terms best identifies this type of group? horde crowd mob clique
clique
According to Erik Erikson, which of the following developmental stages is experienced by an individual during adolescence? intimacy versus isolation identity versus identity confusion autonomy versus shame and doubt initiative versus guilt
identity versus identity confusion
Which of the following describes extreme binge drinking? 8 or more drinks in a row about 8 drinks a week 10 or more drinks in a row about 5 drinks a week
10 or more drinks in a row
The initial stage of the development of romantic relationships in adolescence is characterized by entry into romantic attractions and affiliations at about _____ years of age. 8 to 9 11 to 13 14 to 16 17 to 19
11 to 13
Early bloomers include 15 to 20 percent of 11- to 13-year-olds who say that they currently are in a romantic relationship. 10 percent of 17- to 19-year-olds who say that they have had no experience with romantic relationships. 15 to 20 percent of 14- to 16-year-olds who say that they currently are in a romantic relationship. 15 percent of 17- to 19-year-olds who report that they have not engaged in any romantic relationships that lasted more than four months.
15 to 20 percent of 11- to 13-year-olds who say that they currently are in a romantic relationship.
Which age group most strongly identifies emerging adulthood with the five characteristics established by Arnett in 2006? 12- to 18-year-olds 18- to 25-year-olds 25- to 35-year-olds 35- to 45-year-olds
18- to 25-year-olds
Which of the following is the average age of marriage for males in the United States? 25.4 26.8 29.5 30.2
29.5
Muscle tone and strength usually begin to show signs of decline around the age of _____. 20 25 30 40
30
Given the data provided by the 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, adding up the daily media use figures to obtain weekly media use leads to almost _____ hours a week by 15- to 18-year-olds. 56 68 75 84
56
Which of the following is true of work patterns in the United States? About half of all fully-employed Americans work 40 hours a week. A majority of Americans work 51 hours or more per week. Most Americans work less than 30 hours a week. Most individuals spend half of their time at work.
About half of all fully-employed Americans work 40 hours a week.
Which of the following does NOT accurately identify an aspect of adolescence that hampers effective responses to adolescent depression? Adolescents attach stigma to depression. Adolescents are fundamentally untrustworthy when it comes to their emotional worlds. Adolescents often have difficulty recognizing depression. Adolescents tend to seek help from informal rather than professional sources.
Adolescents are fundamentally untrustworthy when it comes to their emotional worlds.
Damien is graduating high school at 19, after a major episode of depression set him back for a year. His high school counselor Naomi urges him to secure a career that provides good health insurance and to seek a plan that covers mental health care. On what grounds does Naomi give this advice to Damien but not to all high school graduates? Damien is highly likely to develop physical ailments early in life. Naomi knows that adolescent depression never ends; it only intensifies over time. Damien's bout of depression dramatically increases the chances that he will develop bipolar disorder. Adolescents who had a major depressive episode are likely to experience a recurrence of depression 15 years later.
Adolescents who had a major depressive episode are likely to experience a recurrence of depression 15 years later.
Based on national statistics for weight and related health problems, who among the following is most likely to be obese? Asian American male African American female Latino male Asian American female
African American female
According to the surveys conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, which of the following is true of college students? An increasing number of first-year college students report having higher levels of stress and depression. Among U.S. college freshmen, the interest in developing a meaningful philosophy of life has decreased. In recent years, traditional-aged college students have shown a decreased concern for personal well-being. Concern for the well-being of others has remained the same among college students over the years.
An increasing number of first-year college students report having higher levels of stress and depression.
According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society, which of the following statements is true about an individual's sleep? Family and social obligations predominantly lead to long hours of sleep in an individual's life. The level of stress is independent of the quality or amount of sleep. Chronic sleep deprivation may contribute to cardiovascular disease and a shortened life span. Usually five hours of sleep a day is necessary for the optimal performance of an individual.
Chronic sleep deprivation may contribute to cardiovascular disease and a shortened life span.
_____ reflects an individual's personal investment in identity. Conscientiousness Collaboration Commitment Calling
Commitment
Which of the following statements is true about the various markers of adulthood? Economic independence is one of the key markers of adult status, but achieving it has been considered a long process. The criteria for adulthood remain the same across different types of economies. Marriage is the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood among industrialized countries such as America. In developing countries, marriage is hardly a significant marker for entry into adulthood.
Economic independence is one of the key markers of adult status, but achieving it has been considered a long process.
Which of the following statements about the benefits of exercise is true? Only intense physical activities will produce important physical gains. About 50 percent of adults get the recommended levels of physical activity. Exercise has little impact on self-concept and in reducing anxiety. Exercise can be as effective in reducing depression as psychotherapy.
Exercise can be as effective in reducing depression as psychotherapy.
Ajith was able to pursue gymnastics with the support and encouragement of his family. During his career as a sportsperson, he represented his country at several international gymnastic competitions. In the context of physical performance and development, which of the following is most likely true of Ajith? He became a gymnast during his late twenties. He won most of his medals during his late teens. He reached his peak performance in his early thirties. He was 42 years old when he participated in his first international event.
He won most of his medals during his late teens.
_____ is the status of identity of an individual in which crisis and commitment are both absent and the individual is undecided about or shows little interest in occupational and ideological choices. Identity achievement Identity diffusion Identity foreclosure Identity moratorium
Identity diffusion
Manfred is the father of a 16-year-old boy. He notices that his son heads over to the other side of town after getting back from school to meet some friends who are older than him. Manfred also notices that the frequency of these meetings has increased over time. Manfred is now worried about his son hanging out with these older individuals. According to research studies, which of the following is most likely to be an outcome of Manfred's son's interactions with the older individuals? Manfred's son is more likely to avoid risky sexual behavior and substance abuse. Manfred's son will successfully transition to adulthood. Manfred's son is more likely to engage in delinquency and early sexual behavior. Manfred's son will show higher levels of academic achievement.
Manfred's son is more likely to engage in delinquency and early sexual behavior.
Which of the following statements accurately reflects a key finding from the 1994 Sex in America survey? Married and cohabiting couples have sex more often than noncohabiting couples. Most Americans have sex twice a week or more. Women think about sex far more than men do. Most men and women have always remained faithful to their partners and have avoided any adulterous relationship.
Married and cohabiting couples have sex more often than noncohabiting couples.
Which of the following statements is true with respect to sexual attitudes and behavior among men and women? Latino and Asian males have more permissive sexual attitudes than African males. Women have slightly more sexual experience than men for most aspects of sexuality. Women usually engage more in pornography use and casual sex than men. Men usually hold stronger permissive attitudes about casual sex than their female counterparts.
Men usually hold stronger permissive attitudes about casual sex than their female counterparts.
Misha is a first-generation immigrant in the United States. In the context of cultural and ethnic identity, which of the following statements is most likely to be true about his identity? Misha thinks of himself as an American because he was granted citizenship at birth. Misha is least likely to be secure with his identity. Misha is likely to change his identity tremendously. Misha is unlikely to change his identity much and may or may not develop a new identity.
Misha is unlikely to change his identity much and may or may not develop a new identity.
Which of the following statements is true about expectations at the workplace? Research suggests that very few adults have changing expectations about work. Most employers offer very little flexibility to their employees. Many workers today want less control over their work schedules. There is always absolute concurrence between the expectations of the employers and the expectations of the employees.
Most employers offer very little flexibility to their employees.
Which of the following does the new model of parent-adolescent relationships emphasize? Parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful throughout adolescence. As adolescents mature, they move into a world of autonomy apart from parents. The everyday conflicts that characterize parent-adolescent relationships have a detrimental effect on adolescent development. Parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems during adolescence.
Parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems during adolescence.
Priscilla is in the eighth grade. Every day after school, she hangs out with her friends from her class who are popular. She is very fond of them and wants to become popular like them. Her friends have recently started shoplifting at department stores. According to research studies on the effect of peer pressure on conformity, which of the following is Priscilla most likely to do? Priscilla will use her moral reasoning to determine if the behavior should be copied or not. Priscilla will go along with her friends to engage in the antisocial behavior. Priscilla will report the behavior to her friends' parents. Priscilla will reject the behavior of her peers.
Priscilla will go along with her friends to engage in the antisocial behavior.
Baku is a local guide living and working in Kenya. While relating some of the local cultures and practices to a group of tourists, he explains that some tribes have customs that relate to rites of passage. A tourist asks Baku about the importance of rites of passage. Which of the following statements would be an accurate response? Rites of passage mostly focus on severing ties with adolescents' native culture. Rites of passage mostly focus on the initiation of adolescents into a nuclear family. Rites of passage mostly focus on the transition to adulthood. Rites of passage mostly focus on the reaffirmation of adolescents' connection with the immediate family.
Rites of passage mostly focus on the transition to adulthood.
Which of the following statements about sexual orientation is considered true today? Individuals of different sexual orientations have different physiological responses during sexual arousal. Sexual orientation is a continuum from exclusive male-female relations to exclusive same-sex relations. Most individuals have a bisexual orientation. Sexual orientation is an either/or proposition where individuals are either heterosexual or homosexual.
Sexual orientation is a continuum from exclusive male-female relations to exclusive same-sex relations.
Which of the following reflects a key finding of research on the mortality rates of emerging adults? The mortality rate of emerging adults is more than twice the mortality rate of adolescents. The mortality rate among male adolescents is higher than that of emerging adults. Usually, females are chiefly responsible for the higher mortality rate among emerging adults. Among males, suicide is a higher cause of mortality than unintentional injuries.
The mortality rate of emerging adults is more than twice the mortality rate of adolescents.
According to the new model of parent-adolescent relationships, which of the following is a benefit of everyday negotiations and minor disputes? They help adolescents become more autonomous. They teach adolescents that their parents are not perfect. They teach parents how to exert more control over the lives of adolescents. They help adolescents accept parental control over their lives.
They help adolescents become more autonomous.
According to the new model of parent-adolescent relationships, which of the following is a benefit of everyday negotiations and minor disputes? They teach parents how to exert more control over the lives of adolescents. They help adolescents accept parental control over their lives. They help adolescents become more autonomous. They teach adolescents that their parents are not perfect.
They help adolescents become more autonomous.
In the context of bisexuality, which of the following statements is true? Women are usually more likely than men to identify themselves as bisexuals. Bisexuality is predominantly viewed as sexual attraction to males rather than to females. Physiological responses for bisexuals during sexual arousal vastly differ from those of heterosexuals. There is a lack of evidence to support the idea that bisexuality, which involves attraction to both sexes, is a stable orientation.
Women are usually more likely than men to identify themselves as bisexuals.
The most effective way to treat adolescent depression is not with medication but through cognitive behavior therapy. a combination of drug therapy and cognitive behavior therapy. through antidepressant medication such as Prozac. a combination of psychoanalysis and family treatment.
a combination of drug therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.
In contrast with the trend in young children, teenagers typically prefer to have a smaller number of friendships that are more intense and intimate. several friends but only one "best" friend. friends that are of the same sex. a large group of friends, some of whom are especially intimate.
a smaller number of friendships that are more intense and intimate.
Which of the following athletes would be most likely to peak the earliest? a baseball player a swimmer a marathon runner a golfer
a swimmer
Identity _____ is the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment. diffusion achievement moratorium foreclosure
achievement
The concept of emerging adulthood has been criticized as applying mainly to young adults who engage in unhealthy behaviors. individuals living in limiting economic conditions. individuals with a master's degree. adolescents who are privileged.
adolescents who are privileged.
The old model of parent-adolescent relationships suggested that routine negotiations and minor disputes can serve the developmental function of helping adolescents make the transition from childhood dependency to adult independence. in most families, parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe. as adolescents mature, they detach themselves from parents and move into a world of autonomy apart from parents. parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems while adolescents explore a wider and more complex social world.
as adolescents mature, they detach themselves from parents and move into a world of autonomy apart from parents.
One study found that low rates of delinquency from 14 to 23 years of age were associated with a(n) _____ parenting style. neglectful indulgent authoritarian authoritative
authoritative
In interviews with 12- to 22-year-olds about finding their purpose in life, William Damon found that most have a clear vision of where they want to go in life, what they want to achieve, and why. most of those who had engaged in service learning or career counseling had a commitment and reasonable plans for reaching their goals. most expressed no aspirations and in some instances said they didn't see any reason to have aspirations. the largest percentage had engaged in some potentially purposeful activities, but they still did not have a real commitment or any reasonable plans for reaching their goals.
but they still did not have a real commitment or any reasonable plans for reaching their goals.
Marie is reluctant to marry because she is worried that her husband might cheat on her. You would tell her that adultery is a problem in almost half the marriages in the United States. widespread in the United States. a problem most married couples in the United States have faced at some point or the other. clearly the exception rather than the rule.
clearly the exception rather than the rule.
Which of the following is the last stage of the development of romantic relationships in adolescence? consolidating dyadic romantic bonds entry into romantic attractions and affiliations dating in groups, reflecting embeddedness in the peer context exploring romantic relationships
consolidating dyadic romantic bonds
James Marcia defines _____ as a period of identity development during which an individual is exploring alternatives. commitment conscientiousness calling crisis
crisis
Fathima frequently experiences feelings of sadness and hopelessness. She constantly feels tired and has also developed insomnia. Upon consulting a doctor, she is diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Fathima's doctor is most likely to recommend she increase her screen time. cycle for 30 minutes daily. increase her intake of fast food. spend less time socializing.
cycle for 30 minutes daily.
In one study (Nelson & others, 2007), both parents and college students agreed that taking responsibility for one's actions and _____ are important aspects of becoming an adult. spiritual maturity physical maturity developing emotional control community service
developing emotional control
Which of the following is a trend in the U.S. workforce? appearance of long-term careers for an increasing number of individuals disappearance of short-term career paths for adults decrease in the number of individuals who work at a series of jobs disappearance of a long-term career for an increasing number of adults
disappearance of a long-term career for an increasing number of adults
Emerging adults fail to develop health-promoting habits because they are reluctant to be seen as health-conscious. lack knowledge about which behaviors are healthy and unhealthy. do not consider how their lifestyle will affect them later in life. believe that good genes will override any unhealthy behaviors.
do not consider how their lifestyle will affect them later in life.
Conflict with parents often escalates during middle adolescence. early adolescence. late adolescence. the college years.
early adolescence.
At which grade level does conformity to peers peak? sixth and seventh grades eighth and ninth grades tenth and eleventh grades the twelfth grade
eighth and ninth grades
Binge-drinking college students are about how many times more likely to fall behind in school? twice as likely three times as likely six times as likely eleven times as likely
eleven times as likely
Reggie, a 16-year-old teenager, gets into a lot of arguments with his parents. Going by what is generally observed about parent-adolescent conflict, it is likely that most of the arguments center around Reggie's delinquent behavior. whether Reggie uses drugs. everyday events of family life. Reggie's alcoholism.
everyday events of family life.
According to recent studies, the most effective programs for losing weight include exercise. music. dieting. reading.
exercise.
According to Harry Stack Sullivan, if adolescents fail to develop close friendships, they experience loneliness and a reduced sense of self-worth. develop healthier self-esteem as adults than their peers. become more social as they grow older. engage in less delinquent behavior.
experience loneliness and a reduced sense of self-worth.
Conflicts arise between parents and adolescents because parents want to relinquish all of their control over their adolescent. while parents want autonomy, adolescents want a connection. few parents anticipate how strongly their adolescent will push for autonomy and responsibility. parents want their adolescents to push the boundaries, while adolescents want to maintain the status quo.
few parents anticipate how strongly their adolescent will push for autonomy and responsibility.
Eriksonian researcher James Marcia reasons that Erikson's theory of identity development contains _____ of identity, or ways of resolving an identity crisis. five statuses four statuses five stages six stages
four statuses
A study of tenth-graders revealed that having more romantic experience was linked to a higher level of substance use and delinquency. co-rumination and romantic involvement predicted a decrease in depressive symptoms. the number of romantic experiences reported had no apparent connection to the levels of social acceptance experienced by adolescents. having no experience of romantic relationships is a consistent predictor of depression and deviant behavior.
having more romantic experience was linked to a higher level of substance use and delinquency.
Shane's family wants him to decide on the career that he wants to pursue. His parents are doctors and would prefer that he study medicine. However, Shane does not seem very keen on deciding on his career at the moment. In this scenario, which of the following statuses of identity is Shane experiencing? identity achievement identity moratorium identity diffusion identity foreclosure
identity diffusion
Which of the following is the identity status in which a crisis is present but commitment is absent? identity achievement identity foreclosure identity moratorium identity diffusion
identity moratorium
According to a recent analysis, the rate of suicide for 15- to 24-year-olds increased from 6.8 deaths per 100,000 people in 2007 to 10.6 per 100,000 in 2017. decreased from 10.8 deaths per 100,000 people in 2007 to 6.8 per 100,000 in 2017. has remained stable over the past 30 years. has only been surpassed by the suicide rate for 8- to 13-year-olds.
increased from 6.8 deaths per 100,000 people in 2007 to 10.6 per 100,000 in 2017.
In the context of statuses of identity, identity moratorium differs from identity diffusion in that in identity moratorium, individuals have not yet decided on occupational and ideological choices. individuals have gone through a crisis. individuals have not yet experienced a crisis. individuals are experiencing a time of crisis or exploration.
individuals are experiencing a time of crisis or exploration.
If a community wants to develop programs to help at-risk youths, an important component to include in the program would be strong academic support. community role models. tactics to "scare teens straight." intensive individualized attention.
intensive individualized attention.
Sullivan argued that the need for _____ intensifies during early adolescence, motivating teenagers to seek out close friends. similarity respect compatibility intimacy
intimacy
The four problems that affect most adolescents are drug abuse, sexual problems, school-related problems, and peer-related problems. juvenile delinquency. career choice dilemmas. family problems.
juvenile delinquency.
Results from the Sex in America survey suggest that adult sexual behavior is ruled by _____ and _____ for most Americans. marriage; monogamy noncohabitation; polygamy kinkiness; infidelity abstinence; marriage
marriage; monogamy
In 1994, Robert Michael and his colleagues conducted a comprehensive survey of American sexual patterns. Results from this "Sex in America" survey suggested that Americans' sexual lives are _____ than previously believed. less active more active less conservative more conservative
more conservative
Which of the following is a positive feature of the transition from high school to college? reduced peer pressure movement to a smaller, more personal school structure decreased focus on achievement and its assessment opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values
opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values
According to the old model of parent-adolescent relationships, parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe in most families. everyday negotiations and minor disputes are normal. parents serve as important support systems while adolescents explore a wider, more complex social world. parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful throughout adolescence.
parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful throughout adolescence.
Holly is quiet and introverted. She feels stressed whenever she has to interact with a lot of people. She keeps mostly to herself and seldom speaks up in class. She never socializes or attends parties. Which of the following terms best describes this aspect of Holly's identity? achievement intellect personality ethnicity
personality
An individual's body image encompasses their personality. sexual identity. physical identity. relationship identity.
physical identity.
The double disadvantage suffered by ethnic minority adolescents includes hostility and assimilation. prejudice and poverty. the lack of clear rites of passage. diversity and difference.
prejudice and poverty.
Which of the following terms did Erikson use to describe a period in which society leaves adolescents relatively free of responsibilities and free to try out different identities? psychosocial moratorium societal moratorium behavioral reprieve sociological amnesty
psychosocial moratorium
The more _____ adolescents have, the more their academic achievement suffers. money sex screen time unscheduled free time
screen time
Richard is gay. This orientation is part of Richard's _____ identity. intellectual ethnic relationship sexual
sexual
Emerging adulthood is a time frame during which most individuals are sexually active and married. abstaining from sex and unmarried. in exclusive relationships and married. sexually active and unmarried.
sexually active and unmarried.
"Many emerging adults are optimistic about their future, and for emerging adults who have experienced difficult times while growing up, emerging adulthood presents an opportunity to direct their lives in a more positive direction." These are the two ways described by Jeffrey Arnett in which emerging adulthood can be viewed as the period of social responsibilities. a period of stability. the age of possibilities. a time of feeling "in-between."
the age of possibilities.
Identify the concept, recently described by Phyllis Moen, which reflects ingrained cultural beliefs that engaging in hard work for long hours through adulthood will produce a path to status, security, and happiness. the career mystique the American dream the golden handshake the mythical career
the career mystique
According to James Marcia, what determines an individual's identity status? the choices and alternatives they have access to the existence or extent of their crisis or commitment the existence or extent of parental and social support the individual's socioeconomic and academic profile
the existence or extent of their crisis or commitment
Just as the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school involves change and possible stress, so does the transition from high school to college. The two transitions have many parallels. Which of the following is one of them? movement to a more personal school structure increased parental monitoring decreased interaction with peers the top-dog phenomenon
the top-dog phenomenon
After looking very positive for college graduates in the fall of 2019, the job outlook in March and April 2020 turned down steeply. began an imperceptible but steady decline. got even rosier. shifted toward a long-term plateau.
turned down steeply.
According to a national survey and a further update (Lenhart & others, 2015), which of the following is the primary way that most adolescents prefer to connect with parents? voice mail e-mail face-to-face contact text message
voice mail
The critical-period hypothesis could explain why some clinicians consider homosexuality the product of an abnormality of the brain. how sexual orientation is mostly a product of culture and life experiences. why sexual orientation is difficult, if not impossible, to modify. why homosexuals seem to be aroused by the same types of tactile stimulation as heterosexuals.
why sexual orientation is difficult, if not impossible, to modify.
Ramya is a business analyst by profession. She works in a highly stressful environment. Her manager often yells at her and fails to appreciate her when she completes her tasks on time. Based on the results of a national survey of U.S. adults by the American Psychological Association in 2007, Ramya will be less productive because of stress. will not make important career decisions based on stress. is likely to view stress as a positive thing. is likely to accept a promotion.
will be less productive because of stress.
