Lower Appendicular
iliotibial tract
NOT a muscle -band of dense tissue extending from the gluteus Maximus and tensor fasciae late to the tibia
prepatellar bursa (knee joint ligament)
NOT ligament -bursa sac lies anterior to patella to prevent abrasion from the skin when the lower leg is in a flexed position
medial and lateral menisci (knee joint ligament)
NOT ligaments -pads of cartilage tissue between the femoral condyles and the tibial faucets on the superior part of the tibia
greater sciatic notch
a HUGE notch on the posterior side of the os coxa and inferior to the posterior inferior iliac spine
ischial spine
a pointy projection inferior to the distal aspect of the greater sciatic notch
gastrocnemius
belly of the leg (bulge on posterior lower leg)
hamstring muscle
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
tibial tuberosity (tibia)
bulge just few centimeters inferior to the patella on the anterior side -located proximally on the tibia
lateral malleolus (fibula)
bulge of distal, lateral end of fibula -located lateral to ankle bones
medial malleolus (tibia)
bulge on distal, medial end of the tibia -located medial to ankle bones
lateral epicondyle (femur)
bulge that is lateral to the lateral condyle
medial epicondyle (femur)
bulge that is medial to the medial condyle
the gastrocnemius muscle inserts on the calcaneus via the ______ tendon
calcaneal
sartorius
comes from Latin sartorial, which means "tailor"
ankle and foot region
consists of seven tarsal bones, five metatarsals, and five digits
vastus
covering a large area
soleus (posterior tibia/fibula muscles)
deep to gastrocnemius
semimembranosus (anterior femoral muscle)
deep to the semitendinosus
intercondylar fossa (femur)
depression between the medial and lateral condyles -LOCATION FOR THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS (ACL, PCL)
fovea (femur)
depression in the center of the head of the femur
ischium
distal, rounded, roughened posterior portion of the os coxa -you sit on this portion
intercondylar tubercles (tibia)
each individual bump that comprises the intercondylar eminence -left and right intercondylar tubercle
leg region (crus or crural)
entire lower leg region -consists of parallel bones (tibia/fibula)
pubofemoral ligament (hip joint ligament)
extends from greater trochanter area (on the posterior side) to the pubis region (anterior side)
iliofemoral ligament (hip joint ligament)
extends from proximal femur to the acetabulum
ischiofemoral ligament (hip joint ligament)
extends from the greater trochanter area to the ischium
anterior cruciate ligament ACL (knee joint ligament)
extends from the intercondylar eminence of the tibia to the lateral side of the intercondylar fossa
posterior cruciate ligament PCL (knee joint ligament)
extends from the interocondylar eminence of the tibia to the medial side of the intercondylar fossa
tibialis anterior (anterior tibia/fibula muscles)
extends from the knee to the foot mostly on the lateral side of tibia INSERTION: crosses medially to insert on hallux
fibular collateral ligament (knee joint ligament)
extends from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula -formerly known as the lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
tibial collateral ligament (knee joint ligament)
extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial, proximal edge of the tibia -formerly known as the medial collateral ligament (MCL)
patellar ligament (knee joint ligament)
extends from the rectus femoris tendon over the patella to the tibial tuberosity of the tibia
the most active muscle?
eye muscles
Which is larger; the pelvic arch of a female pelvis or the pelvic arch of the male pelvis?
female
The _____ is the lateral bone and the ______ is the medial bone in the crural region
fibula, tibia
The tendon of what muscle loops around the lateral malleolus
fibularis longus
base (patella)
flat in appearance -superior portion of patella
soleus
flat muscle, latin for sandal
There are lots of ligaments holding the femur to the acetabulum. One of the many ligaments extends from the ____________ (fossa located in the center of the head of the femur) to the inner lining of the acetabulum
fovea capitis
Ligaments have to have a projection or a bulge to attach to. What is the name of the bony projections on the superior portion of the tibia that the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments attach to?
intercondylar eminence
Identify the fossa between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur
intercondylar fossa
What is the name of the ridge on the posterior side of the femur that splits at the distal end to form the medial and lateral supracondylar lines?
intertrochanteric crest
What part of the os coxa do you sit on?
ischium
Muscles have to attach to ridges or bulges or roughened areas for firm attachment. What is the name, of the ridge located between the two trochanters located at the proximal, anterior end of the femur?
intertrochanteric line
Magnus
large muscle
gluteus maximus (gluteal muscles)
largest and most superficial of the all gluteal muscles ORGIN: iliac crest and sacrum INSERTION: iliotibial tract
tensor fasciae latae (gluteal muscle)
lateral femoral muscle but considered to be one of the gluteal muscles
The fibularis tongues has a tendon that loops around the _______ and extends to the little toe
lateral malleolus
abductor digiti minimi (foot muscles)
lateral to the flexor digitorum brevis
cuboid (ankle)
lateral to the lateral cuneiform
extensor digitorum longus (anterior tibia/fibula muscles)
lateral to tibialis anterior, still mostly on anterior
what are the hamstring muscles?
lateral: biceps femoris medial: semtendinosus deep: semimembranosus
What leg bone has the lateral malleolus and what leg bone has the medial malleolus?
lateral: fibula medial: tibia
what are the quadricep muscles?
lateral: vastus lateralis medial: vastus medialis between medial and lateral: rectus femoris deep: vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis (groin region, medial femoral muscles)
lies deep to the iliotibial tract
tibialis posterior (medial tibia/fibula muscles)
lies immediately on the posterior surface of tibia INSERTION: inserts on cuneiforms and navicular
ligamentum teres (hip joint ligament)
ligament of the head of the femur -extends from fovea wapitis to the inner lining of the acetabulum
vastus intermedius (anterior femoral muscle)
located deep to the rectus femoris and is between the vests medals and the vests lateralis
flexor digitorum brevis (foot muscles)
located in the center of the sole of the foot -has 4 tendons that insert on digits, II, III, IV , V
rectus femoris (anterior femoral muscle)
located in the middle of the femoral region and inserts on the tibial tuberosity ORGIN: anterior inferior iliac spine INSERTION: tibial tuberosity
vastus lateralis (anterior femoral muscle)
located lateral to the rectus femoris
vastus medialis (anterior femoral muscle)
located medial to the rectus femoris
The abductor ________ is anterior to the gracilis and the abductor _______ is posterior to the gracilis
longus, magnus
strongest muscle based on weight?
masseter
gracilis
means "slender"
Which lower leg bone is associated with the following structures; medial malleolus, lateral malleolus
medial malleolus: tibia lateral malleolus: fibula
abductor hallucis (foot muscles)
medial to the flexor digitorum brevis
semitendinosus (anterior femoral muscle)
medial to the long head of biceps femoris
pubis
most anterior portion of os coxa -left and right pubis bones are "connected" together anteriorly
fibularis longus (lateral tibia/fibula muscles)
most lateral muscle of crural region INSERTION: metatarsal I and medial cuneiform
gracilis (groin region, medial femoral muscles)
most medial muscle of the thigh ORGIN: pubis region INSERTION: medial tibia
calcaneus (ankle)
most posterior tarsal bone -heel bone
Gastrocnemius (posterior tibia/fibula muscles)
most superficial of sural muscles -two heads: lateral and medial which merge to form calcaneal tendon ORGIN: immediately superior to femoral condyles INSERTION: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
talus (ankle)
most superior tarsal bone -tibia articulates with talus
intercondylar eminence (tibia)
pair of bumps on most superior aspect of tibia
patellar region
partially protects the knee joint
insertion on aspect of greater trochanter
piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus
apex (patella)
pointy area -inferior end of patella
The greater sciatic notch is mostly an anterior or posterior structure of the os coxa?
posterior
adductor magnus (groin region, medial femoral muscles)
posterior to the gracilis
head (fibula)
proximal end of the fibula -triangular shaped
pubis bones are joined together by what
pubic symphysis
inserts on intertrochanteric crest
quadratus femoris
Identify the following as either anterior or posterior muscles, quadriceps/hamstrings
quadriceps: anterior hamstrings: posterior
Identify the following as flexor or extensor muscles; quadriceps, hamstrings
quadriceps: extensor hamstrings: flexor
greater trochanter (femur)
rather large bulge lateral to the head of femur
muscles of quadriceps (anterior femoral muscle)
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
hallucis
refers to hallux
ilium
ridge portion of the hip (os coxa) -articulates with the sacrum
anterior border (tibia)
ridge that runs down middle of anterior tibia
lateral condyle (femur)
rounded process located at the distal end of the femur on the lateral side -best seen on posterior view of femur
medial condyle (femur)
rounded process located at the distal end of the femur on the medial side -best seen on posterior view of femur
Name the long muscle that runs oblique across the anterior aspect of the femur
sartorius
the semimembranosus is deep to which posterior thigh muscle?
semitendinosus
lesser trochanter (femur)
small bulge inferior to the neck of the femur located mostly on medial aspect of femur
tensor fasciae latae (groin region, lateral femoral muscles)
small muscle on the lateral edge of the hip INSERTION: iliotibial tract
intertrochanteric line (femur)
small ridge extending from the greater trochanter to the lesser trochanter on the anterior side
intertrochanteric crest (femur)
small ridge extending from the greater trochanter to the lesser trochanter on the posterior side
Identify the muscle that is deep to the gastrocnemius
soleus
muscle that can pull with the greatest force?
soleus
rectus
straight
anterior inferior iliac spine
subtle bump on anterior edge of iliac crest inferior to the anterior superior iliac spine
anterior superior iliac spine
subtle bump on the anterior edge of iliac crest
posterior superior iliac spine
subtle bump on the posterior edge of the iliac crest
posterior inferior iliac spine
subtle bump on the posterior edge of the iliac crest inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine
lateral supracondylar line
subtle ridge extending from distal end of the lineament aspera and angles laterally
medial supracondylar line
subtle ridge extending from the distal end of the lineament aspera and angles medially
linea aspera (femur)
subtle ridge extending from the lesser trochanteric down the center of the posterior femur
flexor hallucis longus (medial tibia/fibula muscles)
superficial to flexor digitorum longus INSERTION: distal phalanx of digit I
Flexor digitorum longus (medial tibia/fibula muscles)
superficial to tibialis posterior INSERTION: distal phalange of the four lateral toes
iliac crest
superior rim of the ilium
Identify the tarsal that articulates with the tibia
talus
The distal end of the tibia articulates with which tarsal?
talus
obturator foramen
the huge hole immediately inferior to the acetabulum
head (femur)
the rounded portion at the proximal end of femur -articulates with acetabular fossa -faces medially
most flexible muscle?
the tongue
gluteal region
this is the region between the torso and the lower limbs -consists of the ox coxa
sartorius (anterior femoral muscle)
this muscle extends obliquely from the lateral hip area to the medial side of the patella region and tibia ORGIN: anterior superior iliac spine INSERTION: medial tibia near the tibial tuberosity -LONGEST muscle of the body
Muscles have to attach to ridges or bulges or roughened areas for firm attachment. What is the name ofthe bulge located at the proximal, anterior end of the tibia?
tibial tuberosity
biceps femoris (posterior femoral muscles)
two muscles make up the biceps femoris -long head: lateral posterior thigh muscle -short head: deep to the long head ORGIN: ischial tuberosity INSERTION: head of fibula
Each os coxa is made by the fusion of how many bones?
3
Acetabulum (acetabular fossa)
HUGE fossa on lateral side of os coxa -socket for ball-and-socket joint of the leg -this fossa faces laterally
Identify the fossa the head of the femur articulates with
acetabulum
The head of the femur articulates with what structure of the os coxa?
acetabulum
which of the following muscles is nearest the proximal portion of the gracilis muscle?
adductor longus
Which of the following is anterior to the gracilis muscle and which one is posterior? adductor longus, adductor magnus
adductor longus: anterior adductor Magnus: posterior
Identify the bulge located at the anterior, superior edge of the iliac crest
anterior superior iliac spine
medial cuneiform (ankle)
anterior to navicular
navicular (ankle)
anterior to talus
pectineus (groin region, medial femoral muscles)
anterior to the adductor longus
adductor longus (groin region, medial femoral muscles)
anterior to the gracilis
lateral cuneiform (ankle)
anterior to the navicular and lateral to intermediate cuneiform
intermediate cuneiform (ankle)
anterior to the navicular and lateral to the medial cunieform
iliopsoas (groin region, medial femoral muscles)
anterior to the pectineus, medial to the proximal portion of the sartorius
neck (femur)
area between the head of the femur and the greater trochanter
Identify the most medial muscle of the thigh
gracilis
What muscle term means "slender"
gracilis
Identify the large, lateral bulge located at the proximal end of the femur
greater trochanter
The lateral rotator muscles insert on which major bony structure of the femur?
greater trochanter
quadriceps
group of four muscles on the anterior thigh
lateral rotator
group of muscles located in the gluteal region
hamstring
group of three muscles on the posterior thigh
hardest working muscle?
heart muscle
Which of the following muscles is nearest the proximal portion of the sartorius muscle
iliopsoas
gluteus medius (gluteal muscle)
immediately deep and a bit anterior to the gluteus maximus ORGIN: anterior superior iliac spine INSERTION: greater trochanter
gluteus minimus (gluteal muscle)
immediately deep to the gluteus medius ORGIN: lateral surface of ilium INSERTION: greater trochanter
piriformis (lateral rotator muscles)
inferior to the gluteus minimus
quadratus femoris (lateral rotator muscles)
inferior to the inferior gemellus
inferior gemellus (lateral rotator muscles)
inferior to the obturator internus
superior gemellus (lateral rotator muscles)
inferior to the piriformis
obturator internus (lateral rotator muscles)
inferior to the superior gemellus
femoral region
upper leg region -articulates with the os coxa -consists of femur
The iliotibial band actually lies on the surface of which of the quadriceps muscles?
vastus lateralis
