LSTD chapter 23,24,25
law
A choice of ______ clause in an international contract predetermines which nation's laws will be used in a potential dispute.
arbitrary
A real word that is part of a mark, but has nothing to do with the word's literal meaning is called a(n) _____ mark
author
An original work of authorship is a work that is original to the _______
reciprocity
Comity is rooted in the theory of _____
abandon
Continuous possession for adverse possession purposes means that the adverse possessor cannot ______ the property in question for a period of time.
It requires no formal registration.
How is trade secret protection different from other forms of intellectual property?
process
If an individual is affected by a zoning regulation, he or she may be entitled to due _____ protection
copyrights
Literary works, dramatic works, and sound recordings are examples of works that can be protected by ______
English
Most common law systems are based on _____ common law principles.
$20,000, $30,000
One intellectual property law firm estimated that legal fees and application fees related to obtaining a patent ranged from _______ to ________.
tangible
Personal and real property are forms of ______ property.
tangible
Real estate and goods are examples of _____ property
Accommodations Transportation
Service marks are typically associated with ____ and _____
abandoned
Suppose Dwayne tosses an old cell phone charger in the trashcan that is waiting to be picked up in front of his home. Tom, who is looking for valuables in the neighborhood garbage, finds the charger. In this scenario, the cell phone charger would be characterized as ______.
maintain a place of business in one of the signatory countries
The CISG covers parties that _________.
nonmerchant
The CISG does not apply to transactions in which one of the parties is a ______
Missing terms
The CISG exists to provide which of the following for contracts for the sale of goods?
antibribery
The centerpiece of the FCPA is its __________ provision.
omission
The doctrine of equivalence came about due to the abuse of the rule of ______
first inventor-to-file
The idea that the first inventor to file a patent application is given the patent is the ______ rule.
involuntariness
The key to determining whether the property is lost or mislaid is the element of:
state statute.
The primary source of law governing real property ownership is:
11
There are ______ INCO terms total.
3
There are ______ stages of patent prosecution.
fails to take reasonable steps to keep the information secret
Trade secret protection is lost if the owner:
blurring; tarnishment
Trademark dilution occurs either through ______ or _____
blurring
Trademark dilution through ______ occurs when the distinctive quality of a mark is identified with goods that are not alike.
distinctiveness
Trademark protection is based on ___
f
True or false: Registration of a mark is automatic.
F
True or false: Reverse engineering of a product constitutes misappropriation of a trade secret.
t
True or false: Subsurface rights can be separated from the landowner's rights and sold to a third party.
t
True or false: Under the FCPA, any item of any value can be construed as a bribe.
Swineburne has an express easement to use the driveway. Blago had reason to know of the easement at the time of purchase (via the easement statement recorded on the deed) therefore he must honor Swineburne's easement
WHAT IS SWINBURNE'S OWNERSHIP INTEREST? Swineburne approaches Carrol with a request that Carrol allow Swineburne to have use of the driveway of a commercial office building owned by Carrol, which is on a parcel of property adjacent to Swineburne's charity soup kitchen. the driveway would allow easier access for trucks delivering supplies to the soup kitchen. Carrol executes and records a new deed with the statement, " on the parcel of my commercial office building, I convey an easement for the use of the driveway to Swineburne." Carrol subsequently sells the property to Blago, Blago informs Swineburne that he may no longer use the driveway.
Swineburne's interest is in the form of a periodic (month to month) tenancy. therefore, Carrol must give Swineburne at least one month's notice before terminating the lease.
WHAT IS SWINBURNE'S OWNERSHIP INTEREST? Swineburne approaches Carrol with the idea of starting a charity soup kitchen. Carrol agrees to rent a parcel of real estate to Swineburne for $1 a month on a month to month basis. the next day, Carrol gets an offer to purchase the real estate parcel for twice its market value on the condition that Carrol convey the real estate within 5 days. Carrol tells Swinburne to vacate the premises immediately
Swineburne owns the property in fee simple absolute and is permitted to use the property for any lawful use, including a luxury resort
WHAT IS SWINBURNE'S OWNERSHIP INTEREST? Swineburne approaches Carrol with the idea of starting a charity soup kitchen. Carrol denotes a parcel of real estate to Swineburne by providing this agreement: "I convey this parcel to Swineburne in fee simple." Swineburne uses the property to build a luxury resort hotel.
Revocation
Which of the following distinguishes an easement from a license?
Fee simple absolute
Which of the following means that rights are generally unrestricted, infinite in duration, and inheritable by the owner's heirs?
License
Which of the following occurs when a landowner gives permission to another to use property, but the use may be revoked at the owner's discretion?
Private
______ international law addresses the regulation of individuals and business entities.
Islamic
______ law is the most widely used religious-based legal system in the world.
zoning
______ regulations typically establish districts for property use.
Fixtures
_______ are anything affixed to a structure.
utility
_______ patent applies to the invention of any new or useful process, machine or article of manufacture.
plant
_______ patent covers the invention or discovery of asexually or sexually reproducible plants.
This type of customer data is protectable as a trade secret because of its potential value to a competitor
which of the following are protectable as a trade secret? a list of customers complied by a firm that includes buying patters, purchaser contact info, and preferred products of each customer
Software source coding is protectable
which of the following are protectable as a trade secret? new software that helps a manufacturer speed up the design process for new products
generic
A mark falling into the ______ classification cannot be registered.
USPTO
A trademark holder acquires rights through use in commerce or by registering the mark with the ______
distinctive
A trademark that identifies the source of a particular product is said to be ______
bundle of rights.
As it relates to personal property, title is thought of as a: ______.
local
Cities, boroughs, and townships are examples of ______ governments.
intangible
Copyright protection is a _____ right
adverse possession.
Exclusive and actual possession is a requirement of: ______.
damages
Failure to give notice of patent protection may result in the inability to collect _____ against patent infringers.
secondary
If the consuming public primarily associates a mark with a particular product and not any alternate meaning, the mark is said to have _____ meaning
Recording Industry Association of America.
Individuals who engage in Illegal file sharing have been pursued by the ______
A neutral third party
Mediation and conciliation use which of the following to resolve a conflict?
World War II.
Most modern-day treaties were created after ______
nationally
Once a trademark is registered, the holder has rights where
infringer
One who actively induces infringement of a patent is considered a(n) ______
statute
Patent rights are created by _____
open and notorious
Paying taxes on property and paying maintenance fees are examples of ____ and ___ possession.
merchants
The CISG generally covers contracts for the international sale of goods between ______
FCA
The CISG term that means the seller provides transportation at the seller's expense only to the buyer's carrier is _______.
United Nations
The __________ was created to facilitate common international concerns on defense, trade, and human rights.
state statutes and state common law.
Trade secrets are usually protected by _____ and _____
aesthetics
Using the transformative factor, the courts will look at ______ to see if the new work infringes on the copyrighted work.
patented
Using the word "patent" or placing the patent number on a particular article are ways to inform users that an article is _______
European Court of Justice
Which of the following sits in Luxembourg and is composed of judges from each member country?
Service
______ marks are used to identify business services.
Trademark
______ protection is designed to prevent others from fooling customers into thinking that a product is produced by the mark holder.
variance
a(n) _____ is an exception to a zoning ordinance.
Unless the process is highly unique, it is not protectable because it is based on a public source
which of the following are protectable as a trade secret? the process used by an accounting firm to draft financial statements in accordance with a generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)
violates FCPA's prohibition of the after the fact (ratification) payments related to the permit application
which proposed transactions violates the FCPA? Widget co applies for a permit to do business in Venezuela. the government denies the permit so widget co hires a consultant in Venezuela who is the brother of the government official and pays a reasonable dee for services plus reimbursement of traveling expenses. when the permit is finally approved widget co executives send the consultant a case of California wine as a thank you gift
Transaction costs
The costs of defining, monitoring, and enforcing property rights.
equivalence
The doctrine of ________ allows courts to find patent infringement when an invention, compared with a patented device performs, substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same result.
tenancy for years.
The landlord-tenant agreement evidences a: ______.
statute
The period of time personal property must be held for adverse possession purposes is set by: ______.
life tenant
The person who has a life estate interest is known as the _____
prescription
The privilege to use an easement acquired through adverse possession is known as:
closing
The settlement date for a sale of real estate is usually referred to as the ______ date.
misappropriation
The use of a trade secret by one who knows or has reason to know that the secret was acquired by improper means is
unique; original
To be granted a patent, the invention or process must be ______ and ______.
adverse
To gain title to a parcel of land through _____ possession, the one claiming title must have occupied the property for a certain period of time.
secondary meaning.
To get protection under the Lanham Act, the holder of a descriptive mark must prove that the mark has _________
substantial similarity standard.
To help define the term "copy" as it pertains to copyright laws, courts have developed the ________
reasonable
To prevent the loss of trade secret protection an owner must take ______ steps to keep the information secret.
design
To protect product _____ through trademark protection laws, a business must overcome any notion that the design purpose was to allow the product to function properly rather than as a distinctive trademark.
tangible
To receive copyright protection, the work must be in ______ form, such as writing, digital, video, and so forth.
f
True or false: All prominent bodies that administer international arbitration use the same arbitration rules.
F
True or false: All types of trade secrets are protected by either patent or copyright laws.
F
True or false: Copyright holders have complete and exclusive rights to their protected work.
f
True or false: Multilateral agreements used as a form of protection of intellectual property rights are mandatory.
foreign official
Under the FCPA, any officer or employee of a foreign government or any department, agency or instrumentality thereof is a __________.
Lanham
Under the _____ Act, more distinctive marks are provided with greater protection.
Swineburne was a life tenant, so all ownership interests are extinguished upon his death. Carrol Jr is then the owner in fee simple absolute and has the right to terminate Swineburne Jr's use of the real estate
WHAT IS SWINBURNE'S OWNERSHIP INTEREST? Swineburne approaches Carrol with the idea of starting a charity soup kitchen. Carrol denotes a parcel of real estate to Swineburne by providing this agreement:"I convey this parcel to Swineburne for his life, and then to Carrol Jr in fee simple absolute." Swineburne uses the property to start a soup kitchen but dies shortly after . Swinburne Jr continues the soup kitchen. Carrol Jr then informs Swineburne Jr that he is selling the real estate and there Swineburne Jr must vacate
Swineburne's ownership was in fee simple defeasible (restricted by Carrolls "provided that" language in the agreement) when he violated the restriction, the ownership rights reverted back to Carrol
WHAT IS SWINBURNE'S OWNERSHIP INTEREST? Swineburne approaches Carrol with the idea of starting a charity soup kitchen. Carrol denotes a parcel of real estate to Swineburne by providing this agreement:"I convey this parcel to Swineburne in fee simple provided that it be used for charitable purposes." Swineburne uses the property to build a luxury resort hotel.
groundwater
Water contained in soil is called
real property.
Water rights, airspace rights, subsurface rights, and the rights of use and enjoyment are typically thought of as rights associated with the ownership of:
police power
Wetland preservation ordinances that restrict a landowner's right to develop, fill or dredge land are legitimate exercises of a state's: ______.
Bailment
What type of relationship is created when the owner of personal property entrusts another party to temporarily hold the property for a purpose that is for the mutual benefit of both parties?
reversion
When property reverts back to the original owner because certain restrictions have been violated, the original owner is said to have the right of: ______.
addition
When the infringing device does more than is described in the patent application of the protected invention, the rule of _______ applies
2A
Which UCC article governs leases for personal property?
local
Which level of government is generally responsible for zoning ordinances?
EXW
Which of the following INCO abbreviations means that the seller will not deliver or transport the goods?
Police power
Which of the following constitutional provisions gives local governments the power to pass ordinances?
Design patents
Which of the following covers the invention of new ornamental designs for manufacture?
Patent
Which of the following creates a monopoly right that allows an inventor the exclusive entitlement to make, use, license, and sell an invention for a limited period of time?
Mixed legal system
Which of the following describes a legal system where a combination of traditional legal systems are used?
Lease
Which of the following describes the relationship where the owner of personal property gives the leasing party the exclusive right to possession and use of the personal property in question for a fixed period of time?
No Electronic Theft Act
Which of the following imposes criminal sanctions for violations of the Copyright Act?
Life estate
Which of the following is an ownership interest that lasts for the lifetime of a particular person?
Treaties
Which of the following is defined as any agreement between two or more nations to cooperate in a certain manner?
International law
Which of the following is the area of law influenced by a combination of law, religious tenets, and diplomatic relations between nations?
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
Which of the following is the federal statute that prohibits United States courts from rendering judicial actions against foreign nations or their government officials?
plant
Which of the following is the least common patent?
Fair use
Which of the following is the most common defense to a claim of copyright infringement?
Paris Convention
Which of the following offers international policy and protection for inventions?
Leasehold estate
Which of the following offers the least amount of rights because it allows only a qualified right to use real property in an exclusive manner for a limited period of time?
Design
Which of the following patents are intended to protect inventors for any new, original, and ornamental design for an article of manufacture?
Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards
Which of the following provides for widespread enforcement of an international arbitration award in many major countries?
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Which of the following provides minimum requirements and standards for protecting and enforcing intellectual property rights in the international setting?
Article 96 declaration
Which of the following under the CISG allows individual countries to impose a writing requirement?
World Trade Organization
Which of the following was established in part to have some authority over trade barrier disputes?
International Monetary Fund
Which of the following was established in part to promote stability of world currencies?
London Court of International Arbitration
Which of the following, according to its rules, is exclusively allowed to appoint arbitrators?
First sale doctrine
Which of the of following allows the owner of a copyrighted work to resell or gift the work to another without the permission of the copyright owner?
Not covered by fair use. Market effort in commercial nature of the use what excluded from the fair use defense
Which of these situations would constitute fair use? A company buys one copy of a training manual from a publisher And then distributes photocopies of several chapters to its workforce
Probably not fair use. The market effect would determine this question, But the commercial nature and the Fact that it is the entire DVD Woodway against fair use as a defense
Which of these situations would constitute fair use? And executive rents a DVD on motivation from her local DVD store. The next day she shows the DVD during work hours to her management team in order to inspire the Team members to adopt a certain leader ship practice
Not fair use. Commercial nature, profit motive, amount of substantially used, and market affect would bar any use of the fair yeast offense in this case
Which of these situations would constitute fair use? Are you firm that arranges corporate training sessions buys A DVD that features former General Electric CEO Jack Welch speaking on problem-solving skills for executives. The firm shows 30 minutes of this DVD at the beginning of each of its eight hour training sessions called "solutions for solving" For which it charges $500 per person for the entire session
Covered by fair use. Limited amount used, non-commercial use, and minimal market effect support the fair use defense
Which of these situations would constitute fair use? A manager a photo copies an article of interest From the wall street journal and distribute it to three coworkers who also may be interested
Customs
Which primary source of international law follows the principle that individual conduct is permitted unless expressly forbidden?
Civil law systems
Which type of legal system relies heavily on written code law?
Comity
_____ is the notion that nations will defer to and give effect to the laws and court decisions of other nations.
Condemnation
_____ proceedings are typically invoked to enforce the power of eminent domain.
Religious
_____-based legal systems are based on religious beliefs and ideas.
Adverse
______ possession applies to personal property held for the required statutory time period.
good faith
a(n) __________ purchaser is one who purchases personal property without knowledge that the property was stolen.
condemnation
in ______ proceedings, the government must prove that its action of taking private property is rationally related to a public purpose.
license
is permission to use property, but such permission can be revoked by the owner at any time.
Madrid
the ____ Protocol provides a uniform, single-source process for trademark protection.
Paris
the _____ Convention is considered the most important multilateral agreement on patents.
first
the ______ sale doctrine allows the owner of a copyrighted work to resell or gift the work to another without the permission of the copyright holder.
This system is probably not protectable because it is something highly unique. But the basis of scheduling medical appointments is not typically protectable
which of the following are protectable as a trade secret? a system used by a medical practice for scheduling patients for a doctor's visit
Formulas are protectable
which of the following are protectable as a trade secret? the formula for a new brand of fruit drink at a beverage supply company
violates FCPA's prohibition of paying cash equivalents (travel) in connection with the permit
which proposed transactions violates the FCPA? Widget co applies for a permit to do business in Venezuela. the government denies the permit so widget co hires a consultant in Venezuela who is the brother of the government official and pays a reasonable dee for services plus reimbursement of traveling expenses. the consultant submits a handwritten invoice for the reimbursement totaling $100000
violates FCPA's prohibition of offering anything of value (a meal at a four star restaurant) with intent to obtain the permit
which proposed transactions violates the FCPA? Widgetco applies for a permit to do business in Venezuela. the government denies the permit and a widget co executive pays of r lavish meal at a four star restaurant while discussing the permit application with the official
violates FCPA's prohibition of paying a third party to pay off the government official (a consultant)
which proposed transactions violates the FCPA? widget co applies for a permit to do business in Venezuela. the government denies the permit so widget co hires a consultant in Venezuela who is the brother of the government official. Widget co pays the consultant $100000 to handle the permit process although the permit itself costs only $1000
novel
A business method may be patentable so long as it accomplishes a useful purpose in a(n) ____ and nonobvious way.
forum
A choice of _____ clause in an international contract predetermines which nation's court system will apply.
design
A current trend in strategic business planning is to trademark product ______ as a form of trade dress.
actual owner.
A finder of lost property typically obtains title by possession, except as it relates to the: ______.
official
A foreign _______ under the FCPA is any officer or employee of a foreign government or any department, agency or instrumentality thereof.
'valid title
A good faith purchaser will only acquire valid title to personal property when the seller has: ______.
Suggestive
A mark is considered which of the following if imagination, thought, and perception are required to understand how it is tied to the underlying product or service?
fanciful
A mark that centers upon a word made up with the intention of being used as a distinctive term is considered ______
ten years
A mark's initial registration period is:
attorney
A patent infringer acting in bad faith may have to pay the prevailing party's _____ fees
Prejudgment Interest
A patent infringer is subject to a(n) _________ when it is proven that revenue from possible sales have been withheld from the patentee for a long period of time.
20
A patent of an invention lasts for _____ years from the date of filing.
nonobviousness
A patent will not be given for a relatively obvious improvement under the _____ standard
nonobviousness
A patent will not be given for a relatively obvious improvement under the ______ standard
easement
A privilege to use the real estate owned by another is referred to as a(n):
eminent
A regulation that completely deprives a landowner of all the economic value of his or her property will require just compensation under the power of ______ domain
Takings Clause
A regulatory taking that deprives a landowner of all of the economic value of her property and grants her just compensation is called the: ______.
exclusive
A titleholder of personal property typically has _______ use of the personal property.
secondary
A(n) _____ meaning is created when the consuming public primarily associates a trademark with a particular product, rather than an alternate meaning.
mark
A(n) ______ can be renewed an unlimited number of times so long as the holder pays the registration fee.
unreasonable condition
A(n) ______ that affects a landowner's use and enjoyment of her land is a nuisance.
the true owner.
Adverse possession allows for the possessor of goods to be protected from any suit to recover the property, except against: ______.
lease
An agreement between a landlord and a tenant is referred to as a(n):
tarnishment
An association arising from the similarity between a mark or trade name and a famous mark that harms the reputation of the famous mark with something that a consumer might find objectionable or unflattering is dilution by _______
international
Arbitration is considered __________ if the parties to the arbitration are of different nationalities or the subject matter of the dispute involves a state other than the country in which the parties are nationals.
direct infringer.
Before pursuing a theory of indirect infringement, the copyright owner must first identify the ________
public
Building public highways and public hospitals are examples of ______ use.
cure
CISG provides that the seller has the right to _______ a delivery of nonconforming goods, even if the time for performance is past due.
Roman
Civil law systems are mostly influenced by ______ law.
a sale
Commercial real estate is usually transferred by: ______.
review
Common law jurisdictions adhere to the concept of judicial __________, whereby a court may strike down a law passed by the legislature if the law is found to violate some other overriding principle of law (such as the United States Constitution).
fair use
Copyright owners do not enjoy unlimited rights to their work; rather, the law balances public interests with the property rights of copyright owners. The most common and powerful defense to a copyright infringement claim is _______
Copyright Act.
Copyrights are regulated by the ______
customers create a link to a particular product.
Designs, colors, and shapes of products help ______
take tangible form.
Durable medium means that the work must ______
vicarious
Employers will typically be responsible for the unauthorized use of copyrighted material by an employee under the theory of ______ infringement.
substantial; legitimate
Environmental laws and regulations are typically lawful so long as they advance a(n) ______ and _______ state interest.
free carrier
FCA under the CISG stands for _______.
reciprocity
Fundamentally, the Berne Convention agreement requires that foreigners from signatory countries must be granted protection via __________ (known as national treatment) under the copyright laws of any other member country.
mislaid.
If Amanda leaves a restaurant but forgets her cell phone on the table she was sitting at, the cell phone is characterized as:
public domain
If a copyright has expired, works fall into the _______
3
If a mark is no longer used in commerce for ______ years, the rights are lost through abandonment.
remedies
If a seller does not cure, the CISG allows the buyer to pursue __________.
condemnation
If the government and private property owner cannot agree on the sales terms regarding real estate, the government will institute ______ proceedings.
bailor
In a bailment relationship, the owner of the personal property is the: ______.
lease
In a landlord-tenant agreement, the landlord gives the tenant a qualified right to possess and use the real estate for a specified period of years that is often spelled out in a written ______
lessee
In an equipment lease, the party with the exclusive right to possess and use the equipment during the lease term is the: ______.
open and visible possession
In the context of adverse possession, building a fence on property or other enclosure around property are examples of: ______.
contributory
Indirect infringement is also known as ______ infringement
trade secret
Information or articles that are to be kept secret because of their particular value are _______
real
Land and structures, plant life, and the vegetation attached to it are classified as ______ property.
real
Land and the structures attached to it are _____ property
public
Law that addresses the relationship between individual countries and international organizations is known as _____ international law.
Rules and Principles
Legal sources define modern international law as a body of ____ and _____ of action binding on countries, international organizations, and individuals in their relations with one another.
policing
Mark holders must protect their rights by _____ their marks.
descriptive
Marks that require no leap of imagination to connect to the product are called ______ marks
distinctive
Marks that suggest the product or service without literally describing it are considered highly _____
cost
Mediation has grown in popularity as a method to resolve conflict due to decreased time commitments as well as a decrease in _______
UTSA
Most state statutes define misappropriation as the term is defined in the _______
omission
No infringement occurs when the alleged infringing invention lacks an essential element of the patent holder's claims in the patent application. This is known as the rule of ______
nuisances
Noises and foul odors are common types of _____
infringement
One who makes, uses or sells a patented invention without permission is guilty of patent ______
adverse
Open and notorious possession that is visible and exclusive and for a continuous period of set time is ______ possession.
creative element.
Original work, in order to receive copyright protection, must contain some ______
intellectual
Patents are classified as ______ property.
lessee
Potential tax advantages and the right to exclusive use without the expense of purchase are typically advantages in a lease agreement for the: ______.
individuals
Private international law addresses the regulation of private ______ and business entities.
substantial similarity
Proof of copied plots and structures could satisfy the _________ standard
tangible and intellectual.
Property is typically categorized as:
tangible
Property that can be touched and physically possessed is ______ property, and it includes real property and personal property.
lasts for as long as the firm exists.
Protection against trade secret misappropriation ______
trade dress.
Protection for a product's shape or the color of its packaging is called
countries
Public international law addresses the relationship between individual ____ and international organizations.
fair use.
Reasonable educational use of copyrighted material is usually recognized under the defense of ______
legal
Registration of copyrighted work allows the owner ______ methods for enforcing the copyright.
zones
Retail, industrial, and residential are examples of: ______.
genericide
Rights are lost through ______ when a word becomes too generic to the point where it has lost its distinctiveness,
subsurface
Rights to soil or minerals or oil within the soil are considered ______ rights.
riparian
Rights to streams, lakes, and groundwater are examples of ______ rights.
airspace
Rights to the space above one's property are referred to as ____ rights
exclusive
Sharing control of the land in question would negate the ______ possession requirement of an adverse possession claim.
immunity
Sovereign __________ allows for nations to be exempt from jurisdiction in other nations' courts.
real property ownership.
State statutes and common law principles are the primary sources of law governing: _____.
dress
Textures, shapes, and color combinations have been given trade ______ protection
commercial transactions.
The European Court of Justice primarily decides issues and procedures dealing with _____
bribery
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was enacted to primarily combat the ______ of foreign officials by American corporations.
World Court.
The International Court of Justice is also known as the _____
the Netherlands.
The International Court of Justice is based in _____
United Nations
The International Court of Justice is the judicial branch of the ______
copyright laws
The RIAA enforces:
arbitration
The World International Property Organization creates a(n) ______ center for disputes involving patents, trademarks, and copyrights.
intellectual property rights
The World International Property Organization creates an arbitration center for issues related to __________.
Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
The _____ exists to fill in the terms of a sale of goods contract when the parties in ratifying countries have not otherwise reached agreement.
transformative
The ______ factor allows a court to first analyze whether the work in question has added new expression or meaning to the copyrighted work.
First
The _______ Amendment prevents government regulators from denying mark registration because the mark is likely to offend others.