LUOA Biology M10 Part 1 Review

In a process called transpiration, plants get rid of excess water through pores in the leaves called stomata. This excess water is then released into the atmosphere as part of the water cycle. Which of the following terms best describes how the released water enters the atmosphere?

Evaporation

The process where this gas is converted into usable forms as it circulates through Earth

Nitrogen cycle

Commensalism

One organism benefits and the other is neither benefited nor harmed. (win- draw)

Predation

One organism kills and eats another organism.

Sentence Question- Compare and contrast a food chain and a food web by explaining the differences and similarities. Please answer using complete sentences.

Own words please. A food chain is similar to a food web since they both explain how organisms pass down nutrients and energy to one another. However, a food web is more complex than a food chain, and it shows how organisms can pass down energy to one another in many ways. In contrast, a food chain is a just linear description of all this.

Sentence Question- Explain how deforestation of tropical rainforests affects the water and carbon cycles. Please answer using complete sentences.

Own words please. The deforestation of tropical rainforests severely affects plants, which are crucial to the water and carbon cycles. The deforestation of these ecosystems and their plants ruins transpiration, which is a step in the water cycle that involves plants. In other words, deforestation hinders the water cycle by getting rid of transpiration in this ecosystem. Also, deforestation kills plants, which are carbon reservoirs. The killing of these carbon reservoirs leads to an excessive amount of carbon entering the atmosphere. This would make temperatures warmer than usual.

Which of the following statements would be a consequence of a natural disaster that killed off most of the primary consumers in an ecosystem?

There would be a decrease in the population size of the secondary and tertiary consumers.

Competition

Two organisms vie for the same food source.

Microbiome

A habitat of microorganisms

Microhabitat

A small habitat in a large ecosystem

Community

All biotic populations in one area

Mutualism

Both organisms benefit each other (win-win)

This cycle describes the process in which carbon atoms continually travel from the atmosphere to the Earth and then back into the atmosphere.

Carbon Cycle

Ecosystem

Community of living and nonliving areas in one area

A contest between organisms seeking the same resources is describing what concept?

Competition

The carbon cycle includes two main categories of processes. Some that release carbon into the atmosphere and some that act as carbon reservoirs. The diagram shows both major process categories and gives examples of activities for both. Which of these disruptions would cause an excess output in the carbon cycle?

Destruction of terrestrial biota

Which of the following would best describe the niche of a minnow?

Eats algae and is eaten by larger fish in a pond

competitive exclusion principle

Ecological rule that states that no two species can occupy the same exact niche in the same habitat at the same time

What is the branch of biology that focuses on how organisms relate to one another and their surroundings?

Ecology

Individual

Focuses on one individual

What is a linear sequence of energy transfer from one organism to the next?

Food chain

Which type of diagram shows a network of multiple food chains and their interactions with each other?

Food web

Biome

Group of ecosystems that share the same climate

The physical location of an ecosystem in which a given species lives is called a ___.

Habitat

A diagram of a food web is shown. Which organism receives the least amount of energy?

Hawk

The diagram below shows the nitrogen cycle. What is the role of nitrates in the cycle?

It is used by animals for atmospheric nitrogen. (I got this one wrong)

Which feature defines an organism's niche?

Its role in its habitat

In the tropical regions of Africa, the crocodile lies with its mouth open. A bird species, the Plover, flies into its mouth and feeds on bits of decaying meat stuck in the crocodile's teeth. The crocodile doesn't eat the plover. Which term best describes the interaction between the crocodile and the plover?

Mutualism

Rain and weathering causing rocks to release phosphate ions and other minerals

Phosphorous Cycle

A species of snapping turtle has a tongue that resembles a worm, which it uses to attract small fish. Which of the following best describes the interaction between the fish and the snapping turtle?

Predation

Which organisms make their own food by absorbing energy from the sun through photosynthesis?

Primary producers

The diagram shows the cycling of nutrients in an ecosystem. The removal of which of the following groups would cause an immediate decrease in the amount of energy flowing through the system?

Producers

Which of the following statements is true about natural systems?

Producers are at the bottom level of both the energy pyramid and the biomass pyramid.

Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid?

Sharks—a tertiary consumer

This element being released from rocks and weathering that is taken up by plants from soil

Sulfur cycle

Biosphere

Sum of all ecosystems

Population

The amount of organisms a species has; same area and same species.

Producer

The autotroph at the bottom of food webs or food chains

Apex predator

The chief predator on top of food webs or food chains

Sentence Question- Compare and contrast the food chain to the food web, using examples. Please answer using complete sentences.

The food chain and food web are similar since they both depict an energy flow from the producer to the apex predator and the organisms in between them. However, the food chain is just a linear representation of this whereas the food web is a complex representation of this. For example, the food chain shows the squirrel having only one predator, which is the wolf. In contrast, the food web shows the squirrel having multiple predators; this includes the snake and hawk in addition to the wolf.

A red squirrel has 4000kJ of energy from organisms in the following food web. Which of the following statements best describes the transfer of energy between the red squirrel and the fox?

The fox will receive 400 kJ of available energy from the red squirrel.

Consumer

The heterotroph that eats the producer or consumers below them

The energy within an ecosystem flows from the producers to the consumers. However, one important group of heterotrophs is the decomposers. What role do decomposers serve in an ecosystem?

They break down organic matter into nutrients for other organisms.

Sentence Question- Explain why no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time. Please answer using complete sentences.

Two species cannot occupy the same niche at the same time because each species has an advantage over other species. Due to this, one species defeats its rival species when they compete for the same niche.

Which of the following resources do plants not compete for?

Warmth

This compound cycling through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation

Water cycle

Niche

What they are doing

Parasitism

When one organism is benefited while the other is harmed. (win-loss)

Habitat

Where they live

Interspecific competition

competition between animals of different species

10%

___ % of the energy is transferred up each trophic level in an energy pyramid.

Keystone species

a species that is crucial to the stability of an ecosystem.

Symbiosis

how two different organisms living together interact

Intraspecific competition

competition between animals of the same species

Burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the ____.

atmosphere