LUOA M6 Earth Science
_: The tendency of a liquid to move through or "wick up" a substance
Capillarity
Live with corals and provide oxygen
Coral Reefs
Made up of millions of tiny animals called polyps that live in colonies
Coral reefs
_ are deposits for smaller bodies of water.
Deltas
_: Denser rocks will be deposited faster than rocks that are not as dense. Click to flip
Density
_: Higher temperatures and evaporation will cause more sediments to precipitate out and be deposited.
Dissolved Minerals
_: Mountain ranges that send water into different areas
Divide
What type of estuaries are formed when rising seas flood existing river valleys? Bar-built estuaries Tectonic estuaries Drowned river valley estuaries Fjords
Drowned river valley estuaries
Where the river meets the sea
Estuaries
_ are steep-walled river valleys created by advancing glaciers.
Fjords
_: The area covered when a stream overflows
Floodplain
The _—which can be seen from outer space—is 1,600 miles (2,600 km) long and is the only natural structure visible from space.
Great Barrier Reef
_ are used to prevent the erosion of sand from beaches because they allow the wind and water to blow through, but prevent the movement of sand.
Groynes
_ are used to prevent the erosion of sand from beaches. They allow the wind and water to blow through but help prevent sand movement, enabling the beach to build up.
Groynes
A flat-topped seamount that has reached the surface
Guyot
Cracks in the Earth's crust along the ocean basin that emit gases
Hydrothermal Vent
Cracks or fissures in the Earth's crust found primarily along mid-ocean ridges, hotspots, and other places in the ocean basin
Hydrothermal vents
Which are the structures that reduce the energy of incoming waves by causing a break in the longshore current? Jetties Seawalls Groynes Breakwaters
Jetties
_ extend into the water to reduce the energy from waves by causing a break in the longshore current
Jetties
Underwater mountain ranges full of volcanic and earthquake activity
Mid-ocean ridges
The largest river system in the United States is the _ River system.
Mississippi
_: Where a stream enters another body of water
Mouth
_ defines the ability of a material to allow the flow of fluids (usually water) through its pores or fractures.
Permeability
Produce approximately half of Earth's oxygen
Plankton
_ refers to the measure of open spaces—or pores—within a material
Porosity
Which of the following are true regarding potholes? Potholes are common at the base of a river. Potholes are common at the bottom of waterfalls. Potholes can range from 1-10 feet deep. Potholes are no larger than 2 feet deep. Potholes are formed due to the force of the waterfall hitting the rock at its base.
Potholes are common at the bottom of waterfalls. Potholes can range from 1-10 feet deep. Potholes are formed due to the force of the waterfall hitting the rock at its base.
Produce 20% of the oxygen on the planet
Prochlorococcus cyanobacteria
The two major erosion-stoppers are _ and _.
Protection Structures Beach Nourishment
_: The number one agent of erosion
Running water
_: The two main sources of water for streams
Runoff and base flow
What makes salt marshes particularly important to many coastal regions? They are home to many types of deep-water ocean life. They influence the economy because of the smell. They provide an environment suited to the spawning of many types of fish and marine life. They are spongy and marshy and prevent commercial development.
They provide an environment suited to the spawning of many types of fish and marine life.
Long, parallel dunes formed at right angles to the wind
Transverse dunes
_: A smaller stream that flows into a larger stream
Tributary
Decreased visibility caused by sediment and organic particles
Turbidity
Circulation of deep, colder water to the surface
Upwelling
_: As water slows, more sediment will be deposited.
Velocity
_: Also called a drainage basin
Watershed
All of the flowing water in an area that makes up the rivers, streams, and tributaries is called __________. a tributary system a divide system a watershed system a river system
a river system
On the wave side of a jetty, there is more deposition or _, which helps _.
accretion, build back up the beach
An _ is a triangular-shaped deposit of sediment that commonly forms in desert areas.
alluvial fan
If a Barrier Island is split, it becomes a _.
baymouth bar
A mixture of fresh water draining from the land and salty seawater is called _ water.
brackish
Ocean zomes are defined by _ _.
collum depth
Another name for a watershed is a ________. divide delta drainage basin floodplain
drainage basin
River valleys become estuaries when sea levels rise and flood them to form _.
drowned river valley estuaries
The Chesapeake Bay is the largest _ in the United States.
estuary
The saltwater ecosystem found "where the river meets the sea" is the ________. mangrove forest estuary shoreline salt marsh
estuary
When a stream overflows, sediments are deposited on the valley floor in an area called the _.
floodplain
The stored _ in the ocean drives much of Earth's weather and causes the climate near the ocean to be milder than the climate in the interior of the continents.
heat
The water a baymouth bar encloses is called a _.
lagoon
The area between the coast and the barrier beaches or islands are protected areas of calm water called _.
lagoons
_ currents run parallel to the beach and bring the waves in at an angle, carrying rock materials from the place of erosion to the place of deposition.
longshore
a _ is responsible for carrying the rock materials from the place of erosion to the place of deposition on the beach.
longshore current
_: A river/road following a wndy course
meander
Upwellings bring cold, _ water from the deep ocean to the surface for plants and animals to feed on (such as phytoplankton) and are areas of rich biological activity.
nutrient-rich
Any movement of water in the ocean that travels in the same direction. can be correctly labeled as a(n) _.
ocean current
an _ accurs when two meanders run together.
oxbow lake
The _ zone extends from the surface to a depth of 200 m since sunlight only penetrates the sea surface to a depth of about 200 m.
photic
Salt content within the ocean is also known as _.
salinity
The bouncing of particles at the bottom of a stream is called _.
saltation
When caves cut all the way thrown a headland, it is called a _.
sea arch
Estuaries are often called _ because many fish and wildlife species rely on their sheltered waters as spawning places for their young.
sea nurseries
Estuaries are often called ________ because many species of fish and wildlife rely on the sheltered waters of the estuaries as spawning places for their young. wastelands hunting grounds water exchangers sea nurseries
sea nurseries
_ /_ accur when sand deposits parallel to the shore
shoals/sandbars
Land extensions form a shoreline feature called a _.
spit
Once the sea stack that is connected to the front section of the headland erodes, it becomes a _.
stump
A ________ is a geographical region where all of the precipitation within the area falls and runs off into a river. divide tributary watershed river system
watershed
Photic
The zone in the ocean where sunlight reaches down into the water
The Dea Sea has salinity of _ ppt.
280
The average depth of the ocean is _ meters.
3790
Earth is known as the "Blue Planet" because its surface is covered with approximately what percent of water? 70% 25% 85% 50%
70%
Since _% of the surface of the Earth is covered with water, it is known as the "_ Planet."
70, Blue
Ocean water is generally _% water. The rest is salt and minerals.
96.5
The flattest part of the ocean
Abyssal Plain
Where the continental crust and oceanic crust crash into each other
Active continental margins Click to flip
Which type of estuary occurs when barrier islands are built by ocean waves along coastal areas that are fed by one or more rivers or streams? Tectonic estuaries Fjords Bar-built estuaries Drowned river valley estuaries
Bar-built estuaries
_ are characterized by barrier islands or beaches that form parallel to the coastline and separate the estuaries from the ocean.
Bar-built estuaries
Shoals/Sandbars can become _ over time.
Barrier Islands
What are the long coastal features that result from the buildup of sandbars or shoals over time? Stumps Arches Reefs Barrier islands
Barrier islands
When less resistant rock is continually washed away, what forms on either side of a headland? Beaches Arches Stacks Bays
Bays
_ are structures built out into the water or parallel to the beach. They cause the waves to hit them first, reducing the carrying power of the waves and thus preventing the beach from eroding.
Breakwaters
_ is the term for how much salt is in water, and it is measured in parts per _.
Salinity, thousand
Ecosystem that is dominated by different salt grasses
Salt Marshes
When Sea Arches collapse, they leave behind _.
Sea Stacks
Underwater volcanic hotspots
Seamounts
_ are steep, high walls built along the coast to prevent beaches from eroding or flooding in low-lying areas.
Seawalls
_, usually made of concrete, are steep, high walls built along the coast to protect beaches from erosion.
Seawalls
_: Rounder rocks will be deposited faster than flatter rocks.
Shape
_: Larger particles will settle out of moving water first.
Size
Another name for gradient is _ which is equal to the change in elevation over a set distance.
Slope
When one river down-cuts from one drainage basin to another drainage basin across the divide it is called _.
Stream Capture
_: Occurs when a river down-cuts from one drainage basin to another drainage basin
Stream capture
_: Water flowing in a channel
Stream or river
Areas cut by erosion down the continental shelf
Submarine Canyon
_ occur where the Earth's tectonic plates run into or fold underneath each other, creating depressions.
Tectonic estuaries
Oceanic
The ocean zone that extends from the end of the neritic zone to where sunlight no longer penetrates the water
Intertidal
The ocean zone that gets exposed at low tide and covered at high tide
Benth
The ocean zone that makes up the deepest portion of the ocean, where sunlight does not reach
Neritic
The ocean zone that starts at the low tide mark and goes to the end of the continental shelf
Aphotic
The zone in the ocean where sunlight no longer reaches
