Lymphatic System (Pearson)
The lymphoid organ that acts like a filter as lymph passes through is...
lymph nodes
Steps in antigen presentation include ...
Antigen presentation includes all of these steps.
Helper T cells do all of the following except... A) enhance nonspecific defenses. B) provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen. C) enhance production of memory and cytotoxic T cells. D) attract macrophages to the affected area. E) trigger B-cell division, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production.
B
The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ________ cells.
B
The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following except... A) opsonization. B) inhibition of the immune response. C) destruction of target cell plasma membranes. D) chemotaxis. E) stimulation of inflammation.
B
The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.
NK
Class I MHC proteins are recognized by which of the following cell types (that are destined to become T cells)?
CD8
Which major class of lymphocytes become cytotoxic T cells?
CD8 cells
Which class of MHC proteins presents exogenous antigens?
class II MHC proteins
The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells.
cytotoxic T
When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell.
cytotoxic T
The primary function of the lymphatic system is
defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats.
Hormones that regulate the activity of B cells and T cells and enhance nonspecific defense are called...
interleukins
An inflammatory response is triggered when...
mast cells release histamine and heparin
Lymph nodes do all of the following except...
remove excess nutrients from the lymph
In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must...
bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte surface
Which of the following is NOT an effect of glucocorticoid secretion on the effectiveness of the immune response? A) increased interferon activity B) inhibition of interleukin secretion C) depressed inflammation response D) reduced abundance and activity of phagocytes in peripheral tissues
A
Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except... A) complement. B) epithelium. C) body hair. D) basement membranes. E) secretions.
A
Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation except... A) chemotaxis of phagocytes. B) movement of defense proteins and cells into the interstitial space. C) heat of the inflamed tissue. D) swelling of the inflamed tissue. E) redness of the inflamed tissue.
A
The lymphatic system does all of the following except... A) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. B) transports lipids from the digestive tract. C) fights infection. D) helps maintain normal blood volume. E) eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid.
A
Innate defenses include all of the following EXCEPT __________. A) phagocytes B) fever C) destruction of abnormal cells by NK cells D) production of antibodies
D
All of the following are characteristics of adaptive defenses except... A) versatility. B) specificity. C) tolerance. D) memory. E) present at birth.
E
Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and that may activate antibody production are...
IgD
Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are...
IgE
Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are...
IgG
Immunoglobulins, formed of five subunits, that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection, are...
IgM
The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are ________ cells.
Plasma
Lymph fluid enters the venous circulation via the...
Subclavian veins
If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of...
T cells
The process by which antibodies bind to the antigen on the surface of cells, forming large immune complexes, is called...
agglutination
Which of the following types of cells display protein fragments produced by the cancer within them?
all nucleated cells
Antigens that trigger allergic reactions are called...
allergens
A substance that provokes an immune response is called an...
antigen
Class II MHC proteins are found on which of the following cell types?
antigen-presenting cells
Stress suppresses the immune response through the action of __________.
glucocorticoids
Cells that help regulate the immune response are ________ cells.
helper T
When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a ________ cell.
helper T
Which class of T lymphocyte is killed by the AIDS virus?
helper T
B cells are primarily activated by the activities of...
helper T cells
The process by which the surface of a microorganism is covered with antibodies and complement, rendering it more likely to be phagocytized, is called...
opsonization
The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the...
phagocytes
What feature do lymphatic vessels share with veins that allows lymph to flow in only one direction?
valves
Interferons interfere with...
viral replication
