M18CH16

The use of multiple methods to measure organizational change is known as: a. convergence b. multitrait/multimethod measurement c. triangulation d. combination measurement

V

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding values? a. Values are the last and deepest level of culture. b. Values reflect a person's underlying beliefs. c. Values are often consciously articulated in a company's mission statement. d. There may be a difference between espoused and enacted values.

a. Values are the last and deepest level of culture.

The explanation of how AOL liked to handle weakened competitors, which was to "drive a knife in their heart," revealed: a. a culture clash between AOL and Time Warner b. the deepest level of culture for AOL c. an adaptive culture d. a culture that provided a strong fit with the industry

a. a culture clash between AOL and Time Warner

The fit perspective of culture argues that: a. a culture is "good" only if it fits the industry's or the firm's strategy b. a culture is appropriate when it fits BOTH market characteristics and the approach or strategy to the market c. an organization adapts the strategy of an organization to its culture d. the lean or flat organization is the most appropriate culture

a. a culture is "good" only if it fits the industry's or the firm's strategy

During the early period of organizational entry and initial job placement, the primary stressor is: a. ambiguity b. feedback c. role conflict d. networking

a. ambiguity

Which of the following is NOT likely to be an element or activity of organizational socialization? a. college major of new employees b. a new employee's first job assignment c. orientation and training of new employees d. a new employee's performance evaluation during first year

a. college major of new employees

Employee performance expectations are normally made known through: a. communication of role demands b. task specifications c. the change and acquisition stage of socialization d. facilitation of interpersonal demands

a. communication of role demands

Assumptions are: a. deeply held beliefs that guide behavior of organized members b. widely known and formally communicated throughout the organization c. behavioral tendencies or enacted values d. unwritten rules of conduct frequently violated by new employees

a. deeply held beliefs that guide behavior of organized members

During which stage of adjustment to a new organization should companies provide job assignments that present new recruits opportunities to succeed? a. encounter b. anticipatory socialization c. inclusion d. change and acquisition

a. encounter

Otis Elevator has experimented with a program in which new hires, regardless of their specific job function, all complete a six-week training course covering all aspects of the elevator industry. This information and training is especially recommended for which stage of adjustment for the newcomer? a. encounter b. anticipatory socialization c. change and acquisition d. inclusion

a. encounter

The assessing of cultural change can best be done through: a. observing behavior b. testing for values change c. psychoanalysis of assumptions d. intrinsically studying motivation

a. observing behavior

The primary purpose of socialization is the: a. transmission of core values to new organization members b. identification of employees who do not fit with the cultural values c. to communicate the importance of trust as an important cultural attribute d. assessment of individual attributes for future placement and potential

a. transmission of core values to new organization members

When Southwestern Bell emphasizes the importance of management training by kicking off classes using a high-ranking executive and has a graduation ceremony when classes are completed, they have utilized: a. a rite of renewal and a rite of passage b. a rite of enhancement and a rite of passage c. a rite of integration and a rite of enhancement d. a rite of passage and a rite of integration

b. a rite of enhancement and a rite of passage

A corporate logo is: a. a ritual b. a symbol c. usually an indication of what the organization produces as a product or provides as a service d. a rite of integration

b. a symbol

Changing an organization's culture is difficult because: a. attitudes are not changeable b. assumptions are deeply ingrained, even below consciousness c. norms adjust with changing leader personalities d. behavior is nonconfrontable

b. assumptions are deeply ingrained, even below consciousness

The focus of the organizational culture inventory is: a. attitudes b. behaviors c. values d. role demands

b. behaviors

Corporate leaders can greatly influence and shape organizational culture through: a. delegating crisis management b. consistently demonstrating corporate values in measuring and rewarding employee performance c. acting quickly when sales decline by displacing employees d. paying attention to detail and letting others attend to the big picture

b. consistently demonstrating corporate values in measuring and rewarding employee performance

A pattern of basic assumptions that are considered valid and that are taught to new members as the way to perceive, think, and feel in the organization is known as: a. socialization b. corporate culture c. psychological contract d. value system

b. corporate culture

A successful transition from outsider to insider can be ensured if both the newcomer and the organization work together. During what phase or stage of the adjustment to a new organization should a newcomer prepare for reality shock and plan ways to cope with job stress? a. inclusion b. encounter c. anticipatory socialization d. change and acquisition

b. encounter

An adaptive organizational culture is one that: a. changes its environment b. encourages confidence and risk taking among employees c. responds to, rather than carefully anticipates, changing needs of customers d. values an orderly management process more highly then leadership initiatives

b. encourages confidence and risk taking among employees

"Be fair, empathetic, and responsive in serving our clients", a statement from the core organizational purpose statement of Charles Schwab Corporation is a/an: a. assumption b. espoused value c. enacted value d. artifact

b. espoused value

A company's espoused values can be found in all of the following except: a. annual reports b. monthly financial statements c. quarterly employee newsletters d. employee handbooks

b. monthly financial statements

Anticipatory socialization takes place through: a. learning interpersonal demands b. realistic job previews c. creating role ambiguity d. performance evaluation

b. realistic job previews

An early fall semester convocation on your campus can be considered a: a. rite of integration b. rite of renewal c. rite of enhancement d. rite of success

b. rite of renewal

The fit perspective is useful in explaining: a. long-term performance b. short-term performance c. how firms can adapt to environmental change d. why managers make better decisions

b. short-term performance

A recent organizational socialization study shows that supervisor support diminished after a period of _____ after a new hire. a. twenty-four months b. six to twenty-one months c. two months d. just five months

b. six to twenty-one months

According to the study by Kotter and Heskett on adaptive cultures, the adaptive culture facilitates change to meet the needs of all of the following groups except: a. employees b. suppliers c. customers d. stockholders

b. suppliers

Which of the following is NOT a basic function of corporate culture? a. control mechanism for shaping behavior b. the building of strong corporate mentality and unquestioned employee support c. a sense-making device for employees d. enhances employee motivation

b. the building of strong corporate mentality and unquestioned employee support

Everyday organizational practices that are repeated over and over defines: a. culture b. a rite c. a ritual d. a symbol

c. a ritual

The most visible and accessible level of culture is: a. values b. assumptions c. artifacts d. socialization processes

c. artifacts

According to Edgar Schein, the essence of culture is: a. the interpretation of the artifact b. values c. assumptions d. the intention behind the story

c. assumptions

During which stage of adjustment to a new organization should companies tie rewards as explicitly as possible to performance? a. encounter b. anticipatory socialization c. change and acquisition d. reality shock

c. change and acquisition

In which stage of adjustment to a new organization should newcomers set realistic goals and take credit for the successes that occur as they master the job? a. encounter b. anticipatory socialization c. change and acquisition d. inclusion

c. change and acquisition

An example of a rite of enhancement is a/an: a. job transfer b. kick off banquet for the introduction of a new product c. employee of the month award d. retirement party

c. employee of the month award

Values reflected in the way individuals actually behave are called: a. behavioral values b. enduring values c. enacted values d. observable values

c. enacted values

The key to understanding culture through artifacts lies in: a. identifying the visible portion of culture b. identifying the most important artifact of culture which is symbols c. figuring out what they mean d. the awareness of how values are communicated through culture

c. figuring out what they mean

Strong cultures are thought to facilitate performance for three reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of those reasons? a. goal alignment or common goals b. higher level of motivation c. higher job satisfaction d. control without bureaucracy

c. higher job satisfaction

Which of the following is NOT a stage that individuals go through when adjusting to a new organization? a. anticipatory socialization b. change and acquisition c. inclusion d. encounter

c. inclusion

The process by which newcomers are transformed from outsiders to effective, participating members of the organization refers to: a. recruitment b. the interview process c. organizational socialization d. organizational revitalization

c. organizational socialization

The strong culture perspective states that organizations with strong cultures: a. are more adaptable b. have less turnover c. perform better than other organizations d. tend to less conflicted

c. perform better than other organizations

An ethical organizational culture can be developed through all of the following except: a. executive role modeling b. disseminating a code of ethics and conduct c. rationalizing mistakes d. encouraging whistle-blowing

c. rationalizing mistakes

What perspective of culture would be best for a company that wants to compete globally? a. the strong perspective b. the fit perspective c. the adaptation perspective d. the public statement of assumptions perspective

c. the adaptation perspective

Which of the following stories are examples of the reinforcement of organizational values? a. Stories about whether lower level employees as reflected by the CEO from QuikTrip rise to the top. b. Stories about how a company deals with crisis as reflected by AIG's payout of millions in bonuses to the unit that led to the need for the government bailout. c. Stories about how status considerations work when rules are broken as reflected by the CEO (Tom Watson) of IBM being confronted by a security guard because he was not wearing an ID badge. d. All of these

d. All of these

When the president of your college or university awards scholarships at a banquet to high-achieving students, this is an example of: a. personal enactment b. a ritual c. a symbol d. a ceremony

d. a ceremony

Organizational culture is most rooted in which of the following fields of study? a. social psychology b. political science c. sociology d. anthropology

d. anthropology

Which of the following include the three levels of culture identified by Edgar Schein? a. artifacts, values, and symbols b. basic assumptions, awareness, and values c. values, ceremonies and rites, and artifacts d. artifacts, values, and basic assumptions

d. artifacts, values, and basic assumptions

Compatibility of individual and organizational value systems is known as: a. realism b. competence c. mutuality d. congruence

d. congruence

Reality shock typically occurs during which stage in the adjustment of a newcomer to an organization? a. anticipatory socialization b. Change and acquisition c. inclusion d. encounter

d. encounter

According to Edgar Schein, leaders play crucial roles in shaping and reinforcing culture. Which of the following is NOT one of the elements considered important to a leader's management of culture? a. how leaders hire and fire individuals b. how leaders react to crisis c. how leaders allocate rewards d. how leaders develop strategy

d. how leaders develop strategy

Strong cultures facilitate performance in all of the following ways except: a. providing control without oppressive effects of a bureaucracy b. encouraging employee and organizational goal alignment c. creating a high level of employee motivation d. insulating employees and focusing their attention away from the organization's environment

d. insulating employees and focusing their attention away from the organization's environment

All of the following are successful indications of socialization except: a. acceptable employee performance b. strong intention to stay with firm c. low levels of distress symptoms d. interpersonal incompatibility

d. interpersonal incompatibility

Which of the following would NOT provide an indication of an organization's culture? a. employee dress code b. performance expectations of employees c. use of job titles d. number of products produced

d. number of products produced

The employees of Stillwater Designs know that if monthly sales are higher than sales in the same month of the previous year that Steve Irby (founder and CEO) will hold a cookout for the employees the following Friday. This would be a result of the CEO's use of: a. ceremonies and rites b. stories c. rituals d. personal enactment

d. personal enactment

When a corporate president is the first employee to give blood during a corporate blood drive, this is an example of: a. ritual b. symbolism c. rite of integration d. personal enactment

d. personal enactment

Which of the following is NOT an important attribute of organizational culture? a. shared norms and values b. symbolism c. employee socialization d. pervasiveness and endurance

d. pervasiveness and endurance

The two key concerns in the anticipatory socialization stage are: a. realism and encounter b. encounter and acquisition c. congruence and acquisition d. realism and congruence

d. realism and congruence

The underlying dimensions of the Kilmann-Saxton Culture-Gap Survey are: a. task/people and security/satisfaction b. behavior and task specifications c. artifacts and assumptions d. technical/human and time

d. technical/human and time

Which of the following is NOT a base for an organization's culture? a. the vision of the corporate founder b. expectations of leadership c. the performance evaluation-reward system d. the location of the organization's manufacturing and distribution facilities

d. the location of the organization's manufacturing and distribution facilities

Which of the following is NOT a perspective that helps you understand the effects of culture? a. the fit perspective b. the strong perspective c. the adaptation perspective d. the social creation perspective

d. the social creation perspective

Which of the following is most difficult to communicate and understand in socializing new employees? a. job demands b. company policies c. performance expectations d. values and assumptions

d. values and assumptions