macromolecules

Hormones; cholesterol. Which group of lipids represents steroids?

A

I am:double strandedfound in the nucleushave four nitrogen basescontain deoxyribose sugarcontain thymine instead of uracil What important molecule am I? A)DNAB)RNAC)enzymeD)protein

A) DNA

The digestion of pizza, the light reactions in photosynthesis, and the removal of a stain by laundry detergent all require _______________, which are biological proteins that lower the activation energy for chemical reactions. A)enzymesB)antibioticsC)phospholipidsD)monosaccharides

A) enzymes

The role of enzymes in biological systems is to catalyze chemical reactions. In 1894, chemist Emil Fischer proposed the lock and key analogy of enzyme action. This analogy explains the specific action of an enzyme with a single substrate. Compare the two models seen here. How do they BOTH represent the lock and key analogy? A)Only a specific substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme.B)The substrate reacts with the enzyme in the active site to produce a product.C)The enzyme weakens chemical bonds in the substrate and catalyzes a chemical change.D)The substrate, plays a role in determining the final shape of the enzyme, and the enzyme is somewhat flexible.Elim

A)Only a specific substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme.

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions? Enzymes A)lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.B)raise the temperature of the cell, speeding chemical reactions.C)store ATP, allowing more energy to be used in chemical reactions.D)act as miniature 'transfer trucks', gathering materials for chemical reactions, and placing them together.

A)lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.

This is the main energy storage and transfer molecule in the cell.

ATP

This is a substance used to identify the presence of protein. It is a blue solution that changes to pink-purple in the presence of proteins.

Biuret solution

Salivary amylase is an enzyme found in the mouth. It breaks down starch into sugars. Which of these best explains why salivary amylase does NOT break down proteins? A)The enzyme is the wrong substrate for proteins.B)Only sugars have the correct shape to activate the enzyme.C)Proteins will not fit into the active site of the amylase enzyme.D)Proteins do not have the proper active site for the enzyme to work on them.

C)Proteins will not fit into the active site of the amylase enzyme.

Put the following into groups carbs lipids proteins and nucleic acid Forms the hydrophobic part of the plasma membrane Antibodies to defend the cell against "invaders" Glucose and sucrose Can be utilized for energy if sugars are not available DNA or RNA Starches and sugars

Carbohydrate Starches and sugars Glucose and sucrose Lipid Forms the hydrophobic part of the plasma membrane Can be utilized for energy if sugars are not available Protein Antibodies to defend the cell against "invaders" Nucleic Acid DNA or RNA

This is the structure in the cell nucleus that houses a cell's genetic information.

Chromosome

Channels within the structure of the cell membrane are composed of A)carbohydrates.B)disaccharides.C)phospholipids.D)proteins.

D) Proteins

This holds an organisms hereditary information.

DNA

This is the organisms hereditary information.

DNA

Add Iodine-KI reagent to a solution or food substance. A blue-black color results if starch is present. If starch amylose is not present, then the color will stay orange or yellow. Starch amylopectin does not give the color, nor does cellulose, nor do disaccharides such as sucrose in sugar.

Iodine test

his is a molecule with a large molecular mass. Many examples come from biology and in particular biochemistry.

Macromolecule

This is the repeating structural unit that forms RNA and DNA.

Nucleotide

A single stranded nucleic acid that plays a role in protein synthesis.

RNA

This is a 5-carbon sugar which is a structural component of RNA, it differs from deoxyribose of DNA by only one group

Ribose

Which compound is a reusable, complex protein that speeds up chemical reactions? A)starchB)a sugarC)a lipidD)an enzyme

an enzyme

This is a solution used to test for simple sugars, such as glucose. It is a clear blue solution of sodium and copper salts and in the presence of simple sugars, the blue solution changes color to green, yellow, and brick-red.

benedicts solution

4)Living cells use ____________ as their main source of energy. A)carbohydratesB)celluloseC)lipidsD)proteins

carbs

denature

changfe shape

Amylase increases the rate at which starch is broken down into glucose. What kind of molecule is amylase? A)lipidB)enzymeC)carbohydrateD)nucleic acid

enzyme

true or false about macromolecule Carbohydrates contain nitrogen and therefore differ from the other macromolecules

false

true or false about macromolecule Ready cellular energy comes in the form of lipids.

false

A macromolecule made up of mainly carbon and hydrogen atoms that is primarily used for energy storage and in cell membranes.

lipid

· cell membranes· large biomolecule· many high energy bonds· nonpolar covalent bonds· includes waxes and steroids· consists mainly of carbon and hydrogen· more energy per gram than other biomolecules The biomolecule described is a A)carbohydrate.B)lipid.C)monosaccharide.D)protein.

lipid

This is a macromolecule that holds cell information in a coded form. Made of sugar, phosphate and nitrogen-containing bases.

nucleic acid

A macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which is used by the body for growth and repair.

protein

6)DNA plays a major role in heredity, composing the genes that are passed down from parent to offspring. It also plays a major role in the everyday workings of your cells. It does this by creating molecules, such as enzymes, that regulate cell functions.These enzymes belong to a larger class of molecules known as A)RNA.B)proteins.C)ion pumps.D)amino acids.

proteins

This is the process of copying DNA to RNA.

transcription

true or false about macromolecule Cell membranes are made, in part, from phospholipids.

true

true or false about macromolecule The monomers of DNA are nucleotides.

true

true or false about macromolecules All biomolecules could be called carbon-based molecules.

true

Glucose, a monosaccharide, is found in three different polysaccharides: starch, glycogen, chitin. There are differences between the structure and function of the glucose arrangement found in these polysaccharides. Which statement CORRECTLY distinguishes the difference in glucose structure in one of these polysaccharides? A)Glucose molecules are joined in a long chain to make starch that is easily digested for energy.B)Glucose molecules are joined in long branched chains to make glycogen that allows for long term energy storage in animals.C)Glucose molecules are joined in long chains with hydrogen bonds connecting multiple chains to make cellulose which is easily broken down for quick digestion.D)Glucose molecules with attached amino groups are joined in long chains by a peptide bond to make chitin which makes up the cell wall of some bacteria and fungi.

A)Glucose molecules are joined in a long chain to make starch that is easily digested for energy.

The role of enzymes in biological systems is to catalyze chemical reactions. In 1894, chemist Emil Fischer proposed the lock and key analogy of enzyme action. This analogy explains the specific action of an enzyme with a single substrate. Compare the two models seen here. How do they BOTH represent the lock and key analogy? A)Only a specific substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme.B)The substrate reacts with the enzyme in the active site to produce a product.C)The enzyme weakens chemical bonds in the substrate and catalyzes a chemical change.D)The substrate, plays a role in determining the final shape of the enzyme, and the enzyme is somewhat flexible.

A)Only a specific substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme.

The ideal temperature at which to study the effect of proteases on protein is 37°C. Why are higher temperatures not advisable? A)This could result in an irreversible denaturing of the protein.B)At higher temperatures, the substrate will be decomposed.C)At higher temperatures, proteins transform into carbohydrates.D)The protein reacts with the proteases only at the indicated temperature.

A)This could result in an irreversible denaturing of the protein.

In cells, __________ are proteins that are needed to lower the amount of energy required to start chemical reactions. A)acidsB)enzymesC)productsD)substrates

B) enzymes

DNA plays a major role in heredity, composing the genes that are passed down from parent to offspring. It also plays a major role in the everyday workings of your cells. It does this by creating molecules, such as enzymes, that regulate cell functions.These enzymes belong to a larger class of molecules known as A)RNA.B)proteins.C)ion pumps.D)amino acids.

B) proteins

A catalyzed reaction will have a _____ activation energy, and this leads to a _____ in the reaction rate. A)lower, decreaseB)lower, increaseC)higher, decreaseD)higher, increase

B)lower, increase

Which of these correctly demonstrates the biomolecule with its function? A)steroids; separate the cytoplasm from the environmentB)waxes; prevents water loss and repels waterC)triglycerides; make up sex hormonesD)phospholipids; store energy

B)waxes; prevents water loss and repels water

What biomolecule is part of the structure of ATP, nucleotides, and nucleic acids? A)catalaseB)glucoseC)riboseD)ribulase

C) Ribose

The enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose by the enzyme sucrase will result in the formation of its two monosaccharide components, glucose and fructose, as seen in the model above. The activity of an enzyme is affected by many factors including temperature and pH. Each enzyme has an optimum temperature and pH at which its reaction rate is fastest. The optimum pH range for sucrase activity is 4 - 8. Imagine the pH of the environment in which the hydrolysis of sucrose is to occur has dropped to 2.How will this drop in pH influence point D in the model? A)The enzyme (B) will allow less of the substrate (A) to move into the active site (C).B)More of the substrate (A) will fit into the active site (C), so more products will be produced.C)The substrate (A) will no longer fit into the active site (C) because the enzyme has changed shape.D)There will be no change to the components of point D with a drop in pH; only temperature can denature the enzyme.

C) The substrate (A) will no longer fit into the active site (C) because the enzyme has changed shape.

This type of molecule is the MOST common energy source for all cells and enters the cell by facilitated diffusion. The molecule is A)DNA.B)a lipidC)glucose.D)a protein.

C) glucose

An enzyme known as amylase is found in the saliva of humans. This enzyme helps to begin the process of digesting starch molecules in the foods we eat. Which of these BEST describes how enzymes like amylase help in the process of digestion? A)Amylase acts as a buffer to keep the pH of foods at a consistent level.B)Amylase breaks down the food molecules directly by forming powerful acids.C)Amylase is a catalyst that speeds up the chemical process of breaking down food molecules.D)Amylase contains the DNA molecules necessary to assemble the proteins needed for digestion.

C)Amylase is a catalyst that speeds up the chemical process of breaking down food molecules

A person starts to eat a hamburger. As she takes a bite and chews, an enzyme called salivary lipase helps to begin the process of fat digestion. Which of these is the BEST description of the role of enzymes in digestion? A)Enzymes are acids that physically break down food molecules.B)Enzymes moisten food to help teeth in the mechanical process of grinding and chewing.C)Enzymes are proteins that speed up the process of chemically breaking down food molecules.D)Enzymes are cells that secrete saliva and other necessary substances needed for digestion.

C)Enzymes are proteins that speed up the process of chemically breaking down food molecules.

A person starts to eat a hamburger. As she takes a bite and chews, an enzyme called salivary lipase helps to begin the process of fat digestion. Which of these is the BEST description of the role of enzymes in digestion? A)Enzymes are acids that physically break down food molecules.B)Enzymes moisten food to help teeth in the mechanical process of grinding and chewing.C)Enzymes are proteins that speed up the process of chemically breaking down food molecules.D)Enzymes are cells that secrete saliva and other necessary substances needed for digestion.E

C)Enzymes are proteins that speed up the process of chemically breaking down food molecules.

All living things use nitrogen to A)reproduce.B)make sugar.C)make proteins.D)transport water.

C)make proteins

Which statement below BEST summarizes the role of the DNA molecule in cells? A)guides cell divisionB)protects cells from infectionC)provides the instructions for making proteinsD)regulates the chemical processes that provide the cell with energyEl

C)provides the instructions for making proteins

Biomolecules BiomoleculeElementsAC H OBC H O and sometimes PCC H O N SDC H O N P Biomolecules are essential to all living things. Which biomolecule is "A" from the above table? A)lipidB)proteinC)carbohydrateD)nucleic acid

Carbohydrate

This is a compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; it is used by cells to store and release energy. Sugars are made by chloroplasts through photosynthesis and consumed by mitochondria through cell respiration.

Carbohydrate

Put the following under groups of Carbohydrates, lipid, proteins, and nucleic acid. Help speed up cellular reactions Used as main source of energy for a cell Can provide insulation Can be utilized for energy if sugars are not available Carries genetic information Starches and sugars Some are stringy and fibrous and provide support (i.e., collagen and keratin) Glucose and sucrose Forms the hydrophobic part of the plasma membrane

Carbohydrate Used as main source of energy for a cell Starches and sugars Glucose and sucrose Forms the hydrophobic part of the plasma membrane Lipid Can provide insulation Can be utilized for energy if sugars are not available Protein Some are stringy and fibrous and provide support (i.e., collagen and keratin) Help speed up cellular reactions Nucleic Acid Carries genetic information

Why do we say that "an enzyme is reusable"? A)The enzyme does not actively take part in the reaction. It just indicates that the reaction is complete.B)Enzymes react with the substrate molecules to form products and become denatured in the process.C)Enzymes ensure that the reaction continues without inhibition even if conditions such as temperature and pH are changed.D)The products of the reaction are released from the active sites of the enzyme, allowing other substrate molecules to bind with the sites.

D)The products of the reaction are released from the active sites of the enzyme, allowing other substrate molecules to bind with the sites.

put the followinf in groups of lipids, protein, and carbs C H O N C H O and sometimes P C H O only fatty acids amino acids glycwerol monosaccharides fast fuel product of photosynthesis polypeptides enzymes stored energy

Lipid C, H, O, and sometimes P fatty acids glycerol stored energy Protein C, H, O, N amino acids enzymes polypeptides Carbohydrate C, H, O only monosaccharides fast fuel product ofphotosynthesis

The term enzymes, was first used in 1878. The term is derived from a Greek word that means in yeast because the yeast cells were first to reveal enzyme activity in living organisms. What do you know about the physical and chemical properties of enzymes? Student Response Each enzyme can function under a wide range of temperature and pH conditions within the human body. Nearly all enzymes are proteins, although a few catalytically active RNA molecules have been identified. Enzymes are not highly specific with respect to substrates and can be used interchangeably. Enzymes are catalysts that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed themselves in the process. Many enzymes require the presence of small, non-protein units or cofactors to carry out their particular reaction. Enzymes are catalysts that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed themselves in the process.

Nearly all enzymes are proteins, although a few catalytically active RNA molecules have been identified. Enzymes are catalysts that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed themselves in the process. Many enzymes require the presence of small, non-protein units or cofactors to carry out their particular reaction. Enzymes are catalysts that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed themselves in the process.

These are complex proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of energy needed to get the reaction started

enzyme

This is a segment of DNA on the chromosome that is coded for a particular trait.

gene

Channels within the structure of the cell membrane are composed of A)carbohydrates.B)disaccharides.C)phospholipids.D)proteins.

proteins

This is a positive test, using a dye, to determine that lipids are present.

sudan red

true or false about macromolecule The monomers of of starch are monosaccharides.

true