Man 3025 Chapter 11

77) ________ is the belief in the superiority and importance of one's own group.

A) Ethnocentrism

39) A manager has to resolve a serious disagreement between two of her sales staff, one of whom accuses the other of "stealing" his clients. ________ would be the best way for the manager to expedite the resolution of this dispute.

A) Face to face meetings

83) Which of the following is a feature of active listening?

A) Listeners should focus on the message rather than style of delivery.

68) Which of the following statements is true of interpersonal barriers to communication?

A) Precision is important when a sender needs to persuade a receiver using a language that is not

22) The act of constructing a message is known as ________.

A) encoding

52) Which of the following is most likely to be the content of an downward communication in an organization?

A) feedback

72) Which of the following is the best example of selective perception acting as a barrier to interpersonal communication?

B) A customer focuses only on the product's price and ignores the salesperson's advice on quality.

40) Which of the following situations is best suited for communication via a rich medium?

B) An employee wishes to discuss a hike in his salary.

58) Which of the following statements is true of formal communication channels?

B) Formal communication channels define who has responsibility for information dissemination and indicate the proper recipients of work-related information.

46) ________ refers to messages sent across essentially equivalent levels of an organization.

B) Lateral communication

43) Which of the following is a defining characteristic of an organization that affects communication?

B) Organizations have continuity through time.

59) Which of the following is a disadvantage of informal communication channels in an organization?

B) Some of the messages passed through them are inaccurate and focus only on negative information.

64) A manager is considering three staff members as possible candidates for a new position. One morning, she asks each of them, in private, whether they might be interested in taking up the post. She also asks them not to discuss the offer with anyone. At a function after work, she is approached by several staff members. They ask her about the new position they have heard about "on the grapevine." What important feature of informal communication channels does this scenario illustrate?

B) They often transfer information rapidly.

29) Which of the following statements is true of nonverbal communication?

B) When verbal and nonverbal messages are contradictory, receivers often give more weight to the nonverbal signals than to the words used.

26) Which of the following is an advantage of written communication?

B) decreased misinterpretation

53) Lateral communication is oriented toward ________ —both formal and informal—that assist or affect coordination and joint problem solving.

B) exchanging information

84) A(n) ________ is an individual who is at the communication interface between separate organizations or between different units within an organization.

B) gatekeeper

76) A person from a high-context culture is likely to view the lack of change in communication style of individuals from low-context cultures as evidence of ________.

B) immaturity

30) The means of transmitting information from sender to receiver is known as the ________ of communication.

B) medium

88) Which of the following statements is true regarding achieving effective negotiations?

C) Any two opposing positions are likely to have at least some interests that are shared rather than in conflict with one another.

21) ________ is defined as the process of transferring information, meaning, and understanding from sender to receiver.

C) Communication

44) ________ refers to messages sent from higher organizational levels to lower levels.

C) Downward communication

85) Which of the following directives should an individual follow to become an effective cross-cultural communicator?

C) For low-context cultures, oral communications should be organized so that major points are immediately and directly stated.

86) ________ is the process of conferring to arrive at an agreement between different parties, each with its own interests and preferences.

C) Negotiation

79) Which of the following characteristics is typically associated with a low-context culture?

C) The medium may be as important as the message itself.

65) Which of the following statements is true of networking?

C) When managers are members of established networks, it is easier for them to influence the other people or groups involved in the networks.

55) Which of the following is a feature of upward communication in an organization with a strong hierarchical culture?

D) Conversations between superiors and their subordinates tend be highly formal.

81) ________ refers to the overall difference between two cultures' basic characteristics, such as their language, level of economic development, and entrenched traditions and customs.

D) Cultural distance

82) ________ is identifying with and understanding the other person's feelings, situation, and motives.

D) Empathy

24) ________ refers to the interference with the transmission or decoding of a message.

D) Noise

74) Which of the statements is true of cultural barriers to communication?

D) The intended meaning of a message is more likely to be transferred if the sender and receiver share the same culture.

10) In organizations with strong hierarchical values, upward communication tends to be more frequent.

FALSE

13) Selective perception involves the tendency to oversimplify and generalize about groups of people.

FALSE

14) Individuals in high-context cultures tend to pay little attention to the situational factors surrounding the communication process.

FALSE

16) Nonverbal communication cues are more important in low-context cultures than in high-context cultures.

FALSE

17) A "gatekeeper" is an associate who grants or declines permission for people to communicate with people in positions of authority.

FALSE

19) Within the context of negotiation, positions represent a party's concerns and desires, whereas, interests are a party's stance regarding those positions

FALSE

6) When verbal and nonverbal messages conflict, receivers often give more weight to the words used.

FALSE

7) The term media richness is used to classify different media according to their cost-benefit ratio.

FALSE

9) Lateral communication is sent from lower organizational levels to higher levels.

FALSE

A medium is the message itself, not the method or means of transmitting the message.

FALSE

The basic model of communication is fundamental and universal; therefore, it exists outside of cultural, organizational, and personal contexts.

FALSE

11) In recent years, the communication capabilities of the Internet have facilitated the emergence of large-scale, word-of-mouth networks.

TRUE

12) Networking is a process of developing regular patterns of communication with particular individuals or groups to send and receive information.

TRUE

15) Culture cannot exist without communication, and human communication only occurs within a cultural context.

TRUE

18) Since reaching an agreement inherently involves communication, negotiation and communication are inseparably linked.

TRUE

20) Managers who are involved in negotiations can try to lessen the competition between the two parties by establishing an atmosphere of collaboration.

TRUE

4) Noise can interfere at any point in the communication process.

TRUE

5) Verbal communication includes both oral and written communication.

TRUE

The structure and processes of organizations shape the effectiveness and nature of communication that takes place within and between them.

TRUE

37) Liam is a college major from the University of Long Beach, California. He is forced to take a sabbatical from studies due to personal reasons and writes a detailed letter to his professor explaining the circumstances of his decision to discontinue the course. The medium of this communication between Liam and his professor is considered to be lean because ________.

A) Liam cannot receive a response from his professor immediately

70) ________ refers to the process of screening out some parts of an intended message because they contradict our beliefs or desires.

A) Selective perception

78) Which of the following characteristics is found in a high-context culture?

A) The rank of the receiver may affect the message and the medium.

45) ________ refers to messages sent from lower organizational levels to higher levels.

A) Upward communication

47) Which of the following is an example of downward communication within an organization?

A) a CEO's mail congratulating employees for their performance

48) Which of the following is an example of upward communication within an organization?

A) an HR manager reporting the results of the recruitment process to her boss

33) Which of the following is a characteristic typically found in lean media?

A) delayed feedback

66) Which of the following barriers to communication originates at the interpersonal level?

A) emotion

56) A(n) ________ is a route for communication that an organization authorizes, plans, and regulates and that is directly connected to the organization's official structure.

A) formal communication channel

57) A(n) ________ is a communication route that the organization doesn't prespecify but that develops through the interpersonal activities of employees.

A) informal communication channel

89) Which of the following actions is performed during the first stage of the negotiation process?

A) planning strategy and tactics

27) Which of the following is a disadvantage of oral communication?

A) subject to misinterpretation

54) Which of the following types of communication is the least frequent in an organization with strong hierarchical values?

A) upward communication

41) Which of the following technologies provides the greatest degree of richness in communications carried out by participants located at great distances from each other?

A) video conferencing

80) ________ is the tendency to oversimplify and generalize about groups of people, especially those groups or cultures other than one's own.

B) Stereotyping

61) A manager is considering three staff members as possible candidates for a new position. One new position. She also asks them not to discuss the new position with anyone. At a function after have heard about "on the grapevine." What important feature of informal communication channels does this scenario illustrate?

B) They often transfer information rapidly.

34) Which of the following is a characteristic typically associated with a rich medium?

B) multiple cues to aid in decoding

63) Which of the following refers to a process of developing regular patterns of communication with particular individuals or groups to send and receive information?

B) networking

73) A monthly interdepartmental meeting goes badly because the managers cannot agree on an agenda. Sales managers argue that new advertising strategies should be a top priority because sales have dropped; operations managers argue that equipment acquisition should take precedence because a key system is down. The failure of this meeting can be most clearly attributed to ________.

B) organizational barriers

87) In terms of negotiation, ________ refers to a person's or group's stance regarding the party's wants.

B) position

69) Which of the following barriers to communication originates at the cultural level?

B) stereotyping

38) Which of the following situations is best suited for communication via a lean medium?

C) A manager wants to postpone a scheduled meeting by a few days.

62) A(n) ________ is an identifiable pattern of communication within and between organizations, whether using formal or informal channels.

C) communication network

32) When nonverbal messages are ________ the spoken message, the odds of effective communication taking place are ________.

C) consistent with; increased

42) Which of the following factors is the most important to be considered when choosing a medium based on its richness?

C) degree of potential ambiguity in the message

36) Which of the following is the leanest medium of communication?

C) e-mail

28) Which of the following is an example of nonverbal communication?

C) gestures

75) A person from a low-context culture is likely to view wide swings in communication styles of another person as evidence of ________.

C) insincerity

49) Which of the following is an example of lateral communication within an organization?

C) managers of two marketing teams discussing joint training programs

51) Which of the following is most likely to be the content of an upward communication in an organization?

C) questions

25) Which of the following is an example of oral communication?

C) video conferences

60) Which of the following statements is true of informal communication channels?

D) They are developed through interpersonal activities of organization members and facilitate faster information flow.

23) Which of the following steps in the communication process involves interpreting a message?

D) decoding

35) Which of the following is an example of a rich medium?

D) face-to-face meeting

71) The term ________ refers to an existing set of attitudes that provides individuals a simplified way of interpreting messages that helps them make sense of complex communications

D) frame of reference

67) Which of the following barriers to communication occurs at the organizational level?

D) hierarchical barriers

31) Along which parameter are media classified based on their capacity to facilitate shared meaning?

D) media richness

50) The contents of communications within organizations usually vary according to ________.

D) the direction of the communication activity

Communication is the process of transferring information, meaning, and understanding from sender to receiver.

TRUE