MAN 3025 Exam 4 (Ch 12), CH 12 EXAM 4 MGMT, MGT-CH10, Chapter 12 - 16 review, Management Chapter 11, MGT Ch 11, MGT 3370 Chapter 11 Exam, MAN3025 Exam 3, Management 11.4, 11.5, and 11.6, MGMT CH. 11, MAN Chapter 11, Chapter 13 Management
Generally, typical listeners retain _____ of what they hear.
20-50 percent
J. R. Hackman and G. R. Oldham's Job Characteristics Model
5 characteristics that explain how managers can make jobs more interesting and motivating
Rebecca asked Gavin, one of her team members, to purposefully think of and voice criticisms as the group discussed a popular idea to open a branch office in another state. This is an example of the use of A. groupthink. B. devil's advocacy. C. the dialectic method. D. storming. E. dysfunctional conflict.
B. devil's advocacy.
The need for status, reputation, and recognition are part of A. self-actualization. B. esteem. C. love. D. safety. E. physiological.
B. esteem.
After struggling with the training, Caroline is unsure whether she can complete tax returns with minimal errors in the time allotted at her new job. In this case, Caroline is low on the ______ element of expectancy theory. A. valence B. expectancy C. outcomes D. instrumentality E. performance
B. expectancy
The theory under which people make the choice that promises them the greatest reward if they think they can get it is A. goal-setting theory. B. expectancy theory. C. reinforcement theory. D. equity theory. E. two-factor theory.
B. expectancy theory.
When Men's Wearhouse fired a salesperson who wasn't sharing walk-in customer traffic, and total clothing sales volume among all salespeople increased significantly, the company A. reduced destructive internal competition. B. increased productivity. C. increased speed. D. reduced costs. E. improved quality.
A. reduced destructive internal competition.
The theory that attempts to explain behavior change by suggesting that behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated while behavior with negative consequences tends not to be repeated, is called A. reinforcement theory. B. equity theory. C. expectancy theory. D. acquired needs theory. E. two-factor theory.
A. reinforcement theory.
Chris believes that he was not promoted to professor at State University because of the university's desire to promote minorities and women to achieve greater diversity at higher ranks. Chris thinks he is experiencing A. reverse discrimination. B. ethnocentrism. C. an ethical dilemma. D. diversity. E. stereotyping.
A. reverse discrimination.
Complex, challenging, and autonomous jobs tend to enhance people's perceptions of their A. self-efficacy. B. increased anxiety. C. tolerance for pain. D. learned helplessness. E. self-esteem.
A. self-efficacy.
Shen was interviewing for jobs, and the HR manager at one firm told him that the company pays the total health insurance costs for a family of four. As a single man, this benefit did not seem especially important to him right now. Here, Shen is low on the ______ element of the expectancy theory. A. valence B. instrumentality C. outcomes D. expectancy E. significance
A. valence
The more management levels through which a message passes, the more ______ the message may become.
Distorted
Stereotyping, recency effect, causal attribution, halo effect
Distortions in perception
Which of the following is the most common drug of abuse? A. Marijuana B. Tranquilizers C. Prescription pain medication D. Methamphetamine E. Alcohol
E. Alcohol
Your boss requires you to give up your company car since you have missed your sales goals for three consecutive quarters. She is using A. positive reinforcement. B. negative reinforcement. C. extinction. D. intrinsic motivation. E. punishment.
E. punishment.
Which of the following is not one of the five stages of team development? A. norming B. storming C. performing D. adjourning E. reforming
E. reforming
A _______ is a small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable. A. quality circle B. group C. panel D. collaborative unit E. team
E. team
What summarizes an organization's overall financial worth, or its assets and liabilities, at a specific point in time.
Balance Sheet
Current assets, fixed assets, and liabilities are all part of an organization's
Balance sheet
Which of the following is the best advice for face-to-face communication?
Begin with good news, and lead up to bad news
Because hard feelings about group leadership and assignments have passed, the members of Robin's group now seem to be relating much better. At the meeting tomorrow, she should take advantage of this moment by A. encouraging members to voice disagreements. B. helping the team identify group goals and values. C. helping people get to know one another. D. empowering the members. E. throwing a thank-you party.
B. helping the team identify group goals and values.
Carlos tells one of his staff that he is taking her off of probation since she has corrected her tardiness problem. Carlos is using A. instrumentality. B. negative reinforcement. C. punishment. D. intrinsic motivation. E. positive reinforcement.
B. negative reinforcement.
The removal of unpleasant consequences following a desired behavior is called A. positive reinforcement. B. negative reinforcement. C. extinction. D. intrinsic motivation. E. punishment.
B. negative reinforcement.
Danielle teaches 4th grade at a local elementary school. She significantly increased her salary by earning a Master's degree in education. This is an example of A. pay for performance. B. pay for knowledge. C. a bonus. D. profit sharing. E. gainsharing.
B. pay for knowledge.
________ is the essence of a team, and what differentiates it from a group
Common commitment
Using self-determination theory to motivate employees at Cloud9, a data storage company, the vice chair makes 10-20 phone calls a day to thank special employees "caught doing something right." The vice chair is fulfilling her employees' ______ needs.
Competence
Workplace performance is maximized when
Conflict is at a moderate level
Hans Selye
Considered the father of modern concept of stress, stress is "the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it."
Lamar brought his proposal to Lindsay before the meeting saying, "I'm sure you have some ideas on this, and we could try to get them incorporated upfront." Which influence tactic is Lamar using?
Consultation
Clarke's employer passes out checks at the end of each quarter, representing an equitable portion of 5% of the company's pretax profits for the previous period. This is known as A. pay for performance. B. pay for knowledge. C. a bonus. D. profit sharing. E. gainsharing.
D. profit sharing.
At Allen and Thomas Architects, a group of designers are developing the first drawings for a proposed multiuse office development in an older section of a large city that is being revitalized. What type of work team is this group? A. virtual team B. production team C. product team D. project team E. advice team
D. project team
Low self-monitors are often criticized for being ______ to others. A. insincere B. boastful C. aggressive D. unfair E. insensitive
E. insensitive
Even as an entry-level engineer at NASA, Caleb makes booster rocket calculations, the accuracy of which protects the lives and safety of astronauts. Caleb's job has a high level of A. autonomy. B. task identity. C. skill variety. D. task significance. E. context satisfactions.
D. task significance.
According to the contingency model, a relationship-oriented leadership style works best in ______ situations.
Moderate-control
According to Fiedler's contingency model, ______ situation control favors a leader who is ______-oriented.
Moderate; relationship
Revised path-goal theory indicates to managers that they must consider
Modifying their leadership style to fit employee and task characteristics
The more management levels through which a message passes, the
More distorted the message may become
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, only ______ factors can make employees satisfied with their jobs.
Motivating
To be most ______, goals should be specific and challenging but achievable.
Motivating
______ is the set of psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior.
Motivation
Teams often enforce ______ to help individuals avoid embarrassing situations.
Norms
Motivation cannot be directly observed in another's behavior; it must be inferred from?
One's Behavior
Job satisfaction results in stronger ______ and lower levels of ______.
Organizational Commitment; Perceived Stress
Which of the following indicates how official communications should be routed?
Organizational chart
Melissa impressed her boss by making many suggestions for department improvements and by putting in many weekend hours to do extra tasks to develop the new procedures. Melissa is exhibiting...
Organizational citizenship behavior
Individuals are said to be collaborating when A. they have reciprocal faith in others' intentions and behaviors. B. they have a sense of togetherness and unity. C. they have ceased to be competitive with one another and prefer harmony. D. their motivation comes from a desire to please a supervisor or the seeking of a tangible reward. E. they are sharing information and coordinating efforts to achieve a collective outcome.
E. they are sharing information and coordinating efforts to achieve a collective outcome.
Which of the following is a one of the seven challenges a manager must deal with in the 21st century?
Economic stagnation
You are a(n) ________ communicator when your intended message is sent accurately in the least amount of time.
Efficient
Which of the following is not one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance? A. Change your attitude. B. Change your behavior. C. Eliminate the self-serving bias. D. Find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones. E. Belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior
Eliminate the self-serving bias (C)
Matt is frequently nervous, tense, and worried, both at work and at home. He likely scores low on which of the Big Five personality dimensions?
Emotional stability
Michael is frequently nervous, tense, and worried, both at work and at home. He likely scores low on which of the Big Five personality dimensions? A. Emotional stability B. Conscientiousness C. Extroversion D. Openness to experience E. Self-monitoring
Emotional stability (A)
According to House's revised path-goal theory, a leader's style should vary depending on
Employee characteristics and environmental factors
______ is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is superior to those of another culture. A. Reverse discrimination B. Stereotyping C. An ethical dilemma D. Diversity E. Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism (E)
After struggling with the accounting training, Peter is unsure whether he can complete the end-of-year financial reporting with no errors in the time allotted. In this case, Peter is low on the ______ element of expectancy theory.
Expectancy
Employees who are having computer problems at TravelWorld go to Amy rather than the IT department because she is efficient and considerate about helping out and is extremely knowledgeable. Amy has _________.
Expert power
To motivate employees, employers need to primarily focus on fulfilling the top level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization.
F
When a supervisor is afraid to voice an idea because she fears criticism, the result is a receiver barrier.
F
Stephen and Tyler went to the same college, and they have never liked each other. Stephen thinks Tyler is a loudmouth, while Tyler thinks Stephen is arrogant and self-impressed. If Stephen and Tyler end up working for the same company, they are likely to experience a multicultural conflict. (True/False)
FALSE
What is the richest form of communication because the receiver observes multiple cues in the message.
Face-to-face communication
Which of the following is the most appropriate medium for a manager advising employees of a revision to the company's bonus structure?
Face-to-face meeting
motivating factors
Factors associated with job satisfaction—such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement—all of which affect the job content or the rewards of work performance
Leaders especially want ________ who are productive, reliable, honest, cooperative, proactive, and flexible.
Followers
____________ is ordering an outcome, when a manager relies on his or her formal authority and power to resolve a conflict, but the needs of the other party are largely ignored.
Forcing
A(n) ________ group is created to do something productive for the organization and is headed by a leader. For example, this group may be created to develop a new line of skin-care products specifically for people over the age of 60.
Formal
Smith Commercial Development has effective control processes, allowing its managers to discover ______ in bookkeeping right away, before an embezzler could seriously affect its business.
Irregularities and errors
I don't like socializing with my coworkers outside of work" is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude
False
Type A behavior has been associated with decreased work performance
False
While it would be desirable, there is currently no way to screen employees at hiring to prevent counterproductive work behaviors.
False
Diversity is synonymous with differences
False (Diversity represents all the ways people are unlike and alike. Diversity is not synonymous with differences. Rather, it encompasses both differences and similarities)
Job commitment is defined as an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work
False (Employee engagement)
Conviviality is one of the Big Five personality traits and is a measure of how outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive a person is
False (Extroversion)
Causal attribution is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment
False (Perception)
Self-awareness is the extent to which people are able to observe their own behavior and adapt it to external situations
False (Self monitoring)
In the fundamental attribution bias, people tend to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure
False (Self-serving bias)
Attitudes are abstract ideals that are directed toward all objects, people, or events consistently over time and related situations
False (Values)
If you have a personal belief that you have what it takes to succeed, you would be best described as having an internal locus of control
False (self efficacy)
Doug gave some people street directions, but because they only nodded their heads and didn't repeat the directions back to him, he doesn't really know whether the directions were understood. What type of barrier is present here?
Feedback
When the band came out on stage and the lead singer shouted, "Hello, Dallas!" the crowd roared with applause. The crowd's response is an example of
Feedback
________ leaders tend to use transformational leadership more than _______ leaders do.
Female, Male
____ is the model that requires a manager to assess her own leadership orientation and the level of her situational control.
Fiedler's contingency model
Which of the following statements is true?
Men tend to withdraw and isolate themselves when problem solving, whereas women seek out others for support and can interpret men's withdrawing as lack of caring
Which of the following is not a suggestion that may help you be a good listener?
Mentally compose your response
job enrichment.
Michele's job as an accounting assistant was recently modified to include reconciling bank accounts and making deposits, two tasks previously done by the accounting manager. This increase in responsibility would best be described as job design. job enrichment. job development. job satisficing. job enlargement.
The tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to the situation the person is in is called
the fundamental attribution bias
task variety
the number of new or unexpected problems or situations that a person or function encounters in performing tasks or jobs
procedural justice
the perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make allocation decisions
authority
the power to make decisions, hold people accountable for their actions and to make use of organizational resources
Stress
The tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities, and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively.
Britta is trying to measure her salon's productivity during the first quarter. For this period, she should divide _______ by the costs of her staff, loans, materials, and utility bills.
The total salon services and products sold
Which of the following is one of the reasons that control is needed in an organization?
To eliminate the need for teamwork
Extra staff at peak periods is an example of buffers managers can use to prevent employee burnout
True
In research, both men and women prefer male bosses
True
Individuals have some ability to control their external dimensions of diversity
True
Integrity tests are effective because dishonest people are unable to fake conscientiousness, even on a paper-and-pencil test
True
Job satisfaction is correlated with lower absenteeism and turnover.
True
Status is a common value held in the workplace
True
Stressors can be both positive and negative.
True
function
group of people working together who possess similar skills or use the same knowledge, tools, or techniques to perform their jobs.
The ______ occurs when we form an impression of an individual based on a single trait.
halo effect
The ______ occurs when we form an impression of an individual based on a single trait. A. halo effect B. self-fulfilling prophecy C. fundamental attribution error D. self-serving bias effect E. selective perception error
halo effect (A)
Jim is outgoing and attractive, while Judy is very bright but seems quiet and unsure. Lee immediately expects Jim to outperform Judy at the job. Lee is likely experiencing the
halo effect.
A(n) ______ focuses on self-responsibility, nutritional awareness, relaxation techniques, physical fitness, and environmental awareness.
holistic wellness program
According to Festinger, how people deal with cognitive dissonance depends on three factors...
importance, control, and rewards
Internals likely would prefer and respond more productively to ___________ such as merit pay or sales commissions.
incentives
Employee assistance programs (EAPs)
include a host of programs aimed at helping employees to cope with stress, burnout, substance abuse, health-related problems, family and marital issues, and any general problem that negatively influences job performance.
Which of the following is not considered an essential consideration in building a group into an effective team?
Unanimity
All of the following are reasons why performance falls significantly short of the standard except
Unawareness of performance drop
Which of the following dimensions is an example of an organizational dimension on the diversity wheel? A. Income B. Work experience C. Union affiliation D. Educational background E. Physical abilities
Union affiliation (C)
Not a way in which to express nonverbal communication
Writing a thank-you note
Which of the following is not a way in which nonverbal communication is expressed?
Writing a thank-you note
Which of the following is an example of controlling communication?
You must complete the audit by Friday of this week
Extinction
_____ is the weakening of behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced. Punishment Positive reinforcement Extinction Negative reinforcement Intrinsic motivation
Instrumentality
______ is the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the desired outcome. Reinforcement Expectancy Instrumentality Valence Effort
Job enlargement
__________ is the process of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation. Job development Job enlargement Job rotation Job enrichment Job design
equity theory
a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships
The Pygmalion effect is also known as
a self-fulfilling prophecy
An example of _______ would be when a manager expects employees to perform badly, they probably will, and when the manager expects them to perform well, they probably will
a self-fulfilling prophecy (the Pygmalion effect)
functional structure
is a structure composed of all the departments that an organization requires to produce its goods or services.
Job enrichment
is increasing the degree of responsibility a worker has over his or her job
Job enlargement
is increasing the number of different tasks in a given job by changing the division of labor.
Technology
is the combination of skills, knowledge, tools, machines, computers, and equipment that are used in the design, production, and distribution of goods and services
Job design
is the process bywhich managers decide how to divide into specific jobs the tasks that have to be performed.
Job simplification
is the process of reducing the number of tasks that each worker performs.
The extent to which employees have positive or negative feelings about various aspects of their work refers to their
job satisfaction
The extent to which employees have positive or negative feelings about various aspects of their work refers to their A. job involvement. B. job performance. C. organizational commitment. D. job enrichment. E. job satisfaction
job satisfaction (E)
As an employee's age increases, his or her A. job involvement decreases. B. absenteeism increases. C. job satisfaction increases. D. work motivation decreases. E. organizational commitment decreases.
job satisfaction increases (C)
Organizational culture
shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, and norms that influence how members of an organization relate to one another and cooperate to achieve organizational goals.
Values
shared standards which organizational members use to evaluate whether or not they have helped the company achieve its vision and goals
Which of the following is a trait of emotional intelligence? A. situational awareness B. self-sufficiency C. self-monitoring D. social awareness E. self-efficacy
situational awareness (A)
Which of the following is a trait of emotional intelligence?
social awareness
line manager
someone in the direct line or chain of command who has formal authority over people and resources at lower levels
____ programs help employees to integrate and transition to a new job.
onboarding
integrating mechanisms
organizing tools that managers can use to increase communication and coordination among functions and divisions
The process of interpreting and understanding one's environment is called
perception
_____ is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment.
perception
______ is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment.
perception
The process of interpreting and understanding one's environment is called A. self-awareness. B. perception. C. cognition. D. self-monitoring. E. openness to experience.
perception (B)
The stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person her identity are known as her
personality
The stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person her identity are known as her A. character. B. values. C. attitudes. D. attributions. E. personality
personality (E)
needs
physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior
A person who is apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment is said to have a(n) ______ personality.
proactive
Paolo is always coming up with new ideas and seeking funding to explore them. He sees opportunities in the marketplace and wants to be the first person to come up with new products and services that customers want. Paolo, a person who is apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment, has a(n) ______ personality.
proactive
Someone who is more apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment has a(n) ______ personality.
proactive
A person who is apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment is said to have a(n) ______ personality. A. emotionally stable B. proactive C. extroverted D. emotionally intelligent E. self-efficacious
proactive (B)
negative reinforcement
process of strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative
3 forms of divisional structure
product structure, geographic structure, and market structure.
He was leaning toward hiring Akiko because he thinks Asians are better at math. Ted is exhibiting which distortion in perception?
stereotyping
The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs is called
stereotyping
Brad was hiring a new financial analyst, and he had several good candidates. He was leaning towards hiring Kai, a Japanese American woman, since he thinks Asians are better at math. Brad is exhibiting which distortion in perception? A. Racism B. The recency effect C. A fundamental attribution error D. Stereotyping E. The halo effect
stereotyping (D)
______ is the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively.
stress
Two factors determine how complicated or nonroutine technology is
task variety and task analyzabilitiy.
well being
the combined impact of 5 elements- positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and achievement (PERMA)
Autonomy(Job Characteristics Model)
the degree to which a job gives an employee the freedom and discretion needed to schedule different tasks and decide how to carry them out.
Task significance(Job Characteristics Model)
the degree to which a worker feels his or her job is meaningful because of its effect on people outside of the organization.
task analyzabilitiy.
the degree to which programmed solutions are variable to people or functions to solve problems they encounter
gainsharing
the distribution of savings or "gains" to groups of employees who reduced costs and increased measurable productivity
profit sharing
the distribution to employees of a percentage of the company's profits
Task identity(Job Characteristics Model)
the extent to which a job requires a worker to perform all the tasks from the beginning to the end of the production process.
flourishing
the extent to which our lives contain positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and achievement (PERMA)
Which of the following is one of the Big 5 personality dimensions?
agreeableness
Cara's manager notices that she exhibits an internal locus of control when she speaks about her work. Her manager should A. give Cara a lot of positive feedback. B. ensure that Cara has a highly structured job. C. give Cara a job with much social contact with coworkers and customers. D. closely supervise Cara's work. E. provide an incentive structure to pay Cara
provide an incentive structure to pay Cara (E)
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to
reasonably accommodate an individual's disability.
distributive justice
reflects the perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed or allocated
If a manager knows one of her employees has low self-esteem and wishes to enhance it, she should
reinforce the employee's positive attributes and skills.
Interactional Justice
relates to the quality of the interpersonal treatment people receive when procedures are implemented
Employment Relationship
relationship a company establishes with its employees via its human resource policies and practices
Diversity
represents all the ways people are unlike and alike- the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background.
piece rate
Pay based on how much output an employee produces
________ conflict is defined as interpersonal opposition based on personal dislike, disagreement, or differing styles. For example, Sasha and Alexandra, who both work as salespeople at a local boutique, may simply not like each other.
Personality
Debbie works part time in a coffee shop. Some of the equipment is so noisy it prevents her from correctly hearing what the customer orders. The noisy equipment is an example of a(n) ______ barrier to communication.
Physical
Tracie, working at a research facility in Washington, DC, needs to communicate with Juan, who is in Mexico City, about a project they are working on. Although Juan has perfect command of English, they are still facing a(n) ______ barrier to communication.
Physical
hierarchy of needs theory
Psychological structure proposed by Maslow whereby people are motivated by five levels of needs: (1) physiological, (2) safety, (3) love, (4) esteem, and (5) self-actualization
A supervisor told a salesperson who had not made any calls to clients and therefore did not make quota, "Well, if this continues in the next 30 days, you'll probably be let go." The supervisor provides an example of _____ by presenting the likely negative outcome to the salesperson.
Punishment
Ted's manager required him to give up his company car because he had missed sales goals for four consecutive quarters. Ted's manager used
Punishment
Which of the following is not a simple model of motivation?
Punishment
TQM is a comprehensive approach dedicated to continuous
Quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction
Standards are best measured when they are
Quantifiable
_____ is the amount of acceptable deviation from a standard, determined when the standard was established.
Range of variation
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to
Reasonably accommodate an individuals disability
Which of the following is the best statement of a goal?
Reduce production errors by 10 percent by the end of the quarter
Amy, the manager of a branch location of a large travel firm, treated company resources as if they were her own and encouraged continued development and training of her employees. She cared about the staff deeply and even organized international volunteering activities to promote their growth. Amy could best be described as which type of leader?
Servant
Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz has made sure his employees have health insurance and work in a positive environment. He could best be described as which type of leader?
Servant
flat organization
an organization with fewer levels relative to company size.
tall organization
an organization with many levels of authority relative to company size
reinforcement
anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited
Norms
are informal, yet powerful rules concerning how employees should behave in a company if they are to be accepted and help it to achieve its goals
People with low self-esteem ______ than those who with higher self-esteem.
are more dependent on others
People with low self-esteem ______ than those with higher self-esteem.
are more dependent on others
People with low self-esteem ______ than those who with higher self-esteem. A. handle failure better B. choose more unconventional jobs C. focus more on their strengths D. are more dependent on others E. exhibit more aggressive behavior
are more dependent on others (D)
The three components of ______ are affective, cognitive, and behavioral.
attitude
The three components of ______ are affective, cognitive, and behavioral.
attitudes
law of effect
behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated, while behavior with unfavorable consequences tends to disappear
The statement, "I won't give Kim such a tight deadline again," reflects the ______ component of an attitude. A. behavioral B. decisional C. cognitive D. affective E. value
behavioral (A)
expectancy
belief that a particular level of effort will lead to a particular level of performance
job enrichment
building into a job such motivating factors as responsibility, achievement, recognition, stimulating work, and advancement
bonuses
cash awards given to employees who achieve specific performance objectives
The ______ component of an attitude consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation. A. behavioral B. decisional C. cognitive D. affective E. factual
cognitive (C)
The statement, "Spencer is slow to return phone calls," reflects the ______ component of an attitude. A. behavioral B. decisional C. cognitive D. affective E. value
cognitive (C)
Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, they will seek to reduce A. a self-fulfilling prophecy. B. fundamental attribution. C. a self-serving bias. D. causal attribution. E. cognitive dissonance
cognitive dissonance
The disadvantage of the ______ conflict-handling style is that it is very time-consuming.
collaborating
Absenteeism, drug and alcohol abuse, and disciplinary problems are examples of A. organizational citizenship behaviors. B. self-efficacy. C. causal attribution. D. counterproductive work behaviors. E. self-serving bias
counterproductive work behaviors (D)
inert cultures
cultures that lead to values and norms that fail to motivate or inspire employees.
Adaptive cultures
cultures whose values and norms that help an organization to build momentum, grow, and change as needed to achieve its goals and be effective.
If a manager knows one of her subordinates has low self-esteem and wishes to enhance it, she should A. provide frequent reminders about improving weaknesses. B. avoid delegating work to this subordinate. C. redesign the work so that it is routine and structured. D. avoid giving feedback. E. express confidence in the employee's abilities to complete given tasks
express confidence in the employee's abilities to complete given tasks (E)
hygiene factors
factors associated with job dissatisfaction which affect the job context in which people work
Belief in one's personal ability to do a task is called
self-efficacy
The metaphor for an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from being promoted to top executive jobs is called the
glass ceiling
According to goal-setting theory, goal setting helps motivate you by doing all the following except
Taking attention away from real work
Because she beat her goal this year by nearly 30 percent, Lori has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson. But last year when she didn't even reach her goal, she said her failure was due to the poor economy. Lori provides an example of
self-serving bias.
A(n) ______ role is behavior that concentrates on getting the team's work done. For example, one team member's role may be to generate daily sales information at the end of each working day.
Task
One of three dimensions of situational control in the contingency leadership model, ______ is the extent to which tasks are routine, unambiguous, and easily understood.
Task structure
The three dimensions of situational control include leader-member relations, position power, and
Task structure
James manages his employees by carefully monitoring their production, comparing what they do to predicted schedules and desired budgets. James can best be described as a ______ leader.
Task-oriented
Fiedler's contingency leadership model determines if a leader's style is
Task-oriented or relationship-oriented
In which of the following conditions should constructive conflict be stimulated?
The group seems to be afflicted with inertia and apathy
Liaison Roles
when the volume of contacts between subunits increases, coordination can be improved by giving a person in each subunits responsibility for coordinating with another subunit on a regular basis.
Melanie has a master's degree in psychology, but she is working at a sunglasses cart in the mall. She is currently A. experiencing reverse discrimination. B. underemployed. C. lacking a support system. D. demotivated. E. recession-resistant
underemployed (B)
Jake has a master's degree in psychology, but he is working at a sunglasses cart in the mall. He is currently experiencing
underemployment.
Which of the following dimensions is an example of an organizational dimension on the diversity wheel?
union affiliation
The abstract ideals that guide a person's thinking and behavior across all situations are called
values
The abstract ideals that guide a person's thinking and behavior across all situations are called A. ethics. B. culture. C. values. D. attitudes. E. perceptions.
values (C)
The question that individuals ask during the norming stage of group development is
"What do the others expect me to do?"
The question the group is asking during the forming stage of group development is
"Why are we here?"
Five Practical Ways to Reduce Turnover
(1) Basing hiring decisions on the extent to which an applicant's values fit the organization's values. (2) Provide post-hiring support, which is referred to as onboarding. (3) Focus on enhancing employee engagement. (4) Incorporate realistic job previews. (5) Offer employees benefits, such as flexible work hours, that meet their needs and values.
Organizational ______ tries to explain and predict workplace behavior to help managers better lead and motivate others. A. behavior B. development C. culture D. strategy E. science
A. behavior
The statement, "I won't give Kim such a tight deadline again," reflects the ______ component of an attitude. A. behavioral B. decisional C. cognitive D. affective E. value
A. behavioral
Workplace performance is maximized when A. conflict is at a moderate level. B. conflict is at a very low level. C. conflict is absent. D. conflict is at a high level. E. conflict occurs only at nonmanagerial levels.
A. conflict is at a moderate level.
When using a self-managed team, a manager should A. delegate administrative oversight of work scheduling and customer interaction. B. control the team's staffing and scheduling. C. offer lucrative individual bonuses. D. allow members to fire their team members. E. provide elaborate retreats for team discussions.
A. delegate administrative oversight of work scheduling and customer interaction.
The ability to cope, empathize with others, and be self-motivated is called A. emotional intelligence. B. self-awareness. C. social awareness. D. self-efficacy. E. self-monitoring.
A. emotional intelligence.
The withholding or withdrawal of positive rewards for a particular behavior, so that the behavior is less likely to occur in the future, is called A. extinction. B. intrinsic motivation. C. punishment. D. instrumentality. E. negative reinforcement.
A. extinction.
The ______ occurs when we form an impression of an individual based on a single trait. A. halo effect B. self-fulfilling prophecy C. fundamental attribution error D. self-serving bias effect E. selective perception error
A. halo effect
At his review last year, Mike was promised a big raise if he met his production goals. Raises came out today, and despite that Mike has met all of his goals, he only received a cost-of-living raise. In the future, Mike's ______ will probably be _________. A. instrumentality; low B. valence; low C. expectancy; low D. instrumentality; high E. expectancy; high
A. instrumentality; low
Maleah's management professor just told her class that the final exam is optional for students like her that currently have an A. She decides to take the exam anyway, since she likes the subject and wants to master the material. Here, Maleah is motivated to take the exam by a(n) A. intrinsic reward. B. physiological need. C. high need for power. D. extrinsic reward. E. hygiene factor.
A. intrinsic reward.
The process of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation is called A. job enlargement. B. job design. C. job development. D. job rotation. E. job enrichment.
A. job enlargement.
According to Herzberg's two factor theory, only ______ factors can make employees satisfied with their jobs. A. motivating B. self-actualization C. growth D. hygiene E. achievement
A. motivating
During the ______ stage of team development, close relationships develop as unity and harmony emerge. A. norming B. storming C. performing D. forming E. adjourning
A. norming
Employee behaviors that exceed the work-role requirements for the job are known as A. organizational citizenship behaviors. B. the halo effect. C. counterproductive work behaviors. D. self-efficacy behaviors. E. proactive behaviors.
A. organizational citizenship behaviors.
Valerie has a summer job hand-dying shirts that will be sold on the boardwalk. She is paid $3.50 per shirt. This is an example of a ______ compensation plan. A. pay for performance B. pay for knowledge C. bonus D. profit sharing E. gainsharing
A. pay for performance
Ken, whose primary job is supervising a small production group, is not getting cooperation from all members on the cross-functional team he leads. In particular, Bethany, a senior marketing manager, seems to resist his direction and tries to influence team members to go in another direction. The source of conflict in this case may be A. status differences. B. a personality clash. C. communication failure. D. time pressure. E. ambiguous jurisdictions.
A. status differences.
The tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information is called A. the recency effect. B. a self-serving bias. C. the fundamental attribution bias. D. selective perception. E. stereotyping.
A. the recency effect.
interpersonal relationships
According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor? responsibility advancement interpersonal relationships recognition the work itself
James leads a training and development team. He expects excellence, sets challenging goals, and expresses confidence that all team members are capable of doing their part to meet and exceed the goals. According to revised path-goal theory, James is using a(n) ______ leadership style.
Achievement-oriented
Buffers
Administrative changes, that managers can make to reduce the stressors that lead to employee burnout.
Self-managed teams are groups of workers who have been given ______ for their task domains.
Administrative oversight
The statement "I really don't like that Ivan got so angry in that meeting" reflects the ______ component of an attitude.
Affective
expectancy
After struggling with the accounting training, Peter is unsure whether he can complete the end-of-year financial reporting with no errors in the time allotted. In this case, Peter is low on the ______ element of expectancy theory. instrumentality performance valence expectancy outcomes
During the forming stage of a group or team, the leader should
Allow people to socialize and become acquainted
content perspectives
Also known as need-based perspectives; theories that emphasize the needs that motivate people
self-actualization
An accounting firm reimburses employees for tuition and fees if they complete job-related coursework with a B or better. The accounting firm's tuition-reimbursement policy helps its employees meet their _______ needs. self-actualization esteem physiological love safety
Employee Engagement
An individual's involvement, satisfaction and enthusiasm for work. Employees "give their all" for work. People who are positive or optimistic, proactive, conscientious, and mindful are thought to be more likely to be more engaged employees. Job security and feelings of psychological safety also propel this.
hierarchy of authority
An organization's chain of command, specifying the relative authority of each manager
Divisional Structure
An organizational structure composed of separate business units within which are the functions that work together to produce a specific product for a specific customer.
Market Structure
An organizational structure in which each kind of customer is served by a self-contained division; also called customer structure.
Product Structure
An organizational structure in which each product line or business is handled by a self-contained division.
Geographic Structure
An organizational structure in which each region of a country or area of the world is served by a self-contained division
product team structure
An organizational structure in which employees are permanently assigned to a cross-functional team and report only to the product team manager or to one of his or her direct subordinates.
Matrix Structure
An organizational structure that simultaneously groups people and resources by function and by product.
When issues causing conflict are trivial, or when emotions are high and cooling off would be helpful, which conflict-handling style is preferable?
Avoiding
The question that individuals ask during the norming stage of group development is A. "How do I fit in here?" B. "What do the others expect me to do?" C. "How can I best perform my role?" D. "What's next?" E. "What's my role here?"
B. "What do the others expect me to do?"
When others' expectations exceed one's ability, ______ has occurred. A. Burnout B. Role overload C. Learned helplessness D. Role conflict E. Role ambiguity
B. Role overload
Fatima runs a gift basket business. She recently made some changes so that one employee answers phones and does paperwork, while another assembles baskets, and a third packages and ships. Previously, each employee was responsible for the order from the phone call through the shipment. Fatima's job redesign has A. increased task identity. B. decreased task identity. C. increased task significance. D. decreased task significance. E. decreased autonomy.
B. decreased task identity.
Molly organized several teachers to discuss the school's interior painting scheduled for the summer. They looked at several brands and heard a presentation by a designer who then helped them choose a color palette to recommend to school administrators. In this instance, the teachers made up a(n) A. self-managed team. B. formal group. C. cross-functional team. D. informal group. E. virtual team.
B. formal group.
A Scanlon plan is a type of ______ compensation plan. A. pay for knowledge B. gainsharing C. benchmarking D. pay for performance E. profit sharing
B. gainsharing
Levi led a team that has just finished up a very challenging research project that will assist management in developing long-range plans. Despite the stress of the past few months, most participants seem sad it's over. Now Levi should A. emphasize unity. B. have an awards ceremony. C. get the group disbanded quickly to free people up for new things. D. provide opportunities for people to get to know one another better now. E. ensure those members can work on similar tasks going forward.
B. have an awards ceremony.
When using goal-setting theory to motivate employees, managers should A. set targets that are just out of employees' reach. B. help workers understand and accept the goals. C. set general goals that are emotionally appealing. D. hold employees responsible for getting their own feedback. E. set goals that are easily achievable.
B. help workers understand and accept the goals.
Pieter is manager for a large freight company. He has noticed low morale lately, perhaps because of the cramped quarters and lack of raises this year among workers on his shift. According to Herzberg, Pieter should first concentrate on A. needs for achievement. B. hygiene factors. C. esteem needs. D. motivating factors. E. growth needs.
B. hygiene factors.
Which of the following is a source of intergroup conflict in the workplace? A. excessive communication B. inconsistent goals or reward systems C. too many resources D. lack of diversity E. strict job boundaries
B. inconsistent goals or reward systems
Which of the following is not a benefit of teamwork in an organization? A. increased speed B. increased stress C. reduced costs D. improved workplace cohesiveness E. reduced destructive internal competition
B. increased stress
Employees with a(n) ______ locus of control will probably resist close managerial supervision. A. high B. internal C. external D. absent E. low
B. internal
The extent to which people believe they control their own fate through their own efforts is called their A. tolerance for ambiguity. B. locus of control. C. emotional stability. D. self-efficacy. E. self-monitoring.
B. locus of control.
According to the job characteristics model, the core job characteristics of skill variety, task identity, and task significance combine to affect A. knowledge of results. B. meaningfulness of work. C. autonomy of work. D. responsibility for results. E. feedback from others.
B. meaningfulness of work.
The process of interpreting and understanding one's environment is called A. self-awareness. B. perception. C. cognition. D. self-monitoring. E. openness to experience.
B. perception
Research shows that simplified jobs lead to A. job satisfaction. B. poor mental health. C. a sense of accomplishment. D. a sense of personal growth. E. decreased worker productivity.
B. poor mental health.
According to the acquired needs theory, the desire to influence others is part of the need for A. affiliation. B. power. C. self-actualization. D. relatedness. E. achievement.
B. power.
A person who is apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment is said to have a(n) ______ personality. A. emotionally stable B. proactive C. extroverted D. emotionally intelligent E. self-efficacious
B. proactive
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to A. hire all qualified disabled persons who apply. B. reasonably accommodate an individual's disability. C. hire quotas of qualified disabled persons. D. actively solicit job applications from disabled persons. E. hire disabled persons to qualify for tax breaks.
B. reasonably accommodate an individual's disability.
In equity theory, employees are motivated to A. work harder all the time. B. resolve feelings of injustice. C. believe they aren't working hard enough. D. blame others when they miss work or fail at tasks. E. work just hard enough to get what they want.
B. resolve feelings of injustice.
The extent to which people like or dislike themselves is called their A. emotional stability. B. self-esteem. C. locus of control. D. self-efficacy. E. self-monitoring.
B. self-esteem.
A waiter expects a group of poorly dressed customers to be stingy tippers and gives them poor service, so he gets the result that he expects, a very small tip. This is an example of the A. halo effect. B. self-fulfilling prophecy. C. fundamental attribution bias. D. self-serving bias. E. selective perception error.
B. self-fulfilling prophecy.
The ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways is known as A. self-awareness. B. self-management. C. social awareness. D. situational awareness. E. relationship management.
B. self-management.
People with high ______ are responsive to social and interpersonal cues of others. A. self-esteem B. self-monitoring C. locus of control D. self-efficacy E. agreeableness
B. self-monitoring
Depak's team was not making much progress on defining a new production process. Nicole was being very uncooperative. She did not agree with Depak's direction, and she has not completed her tasks. This team is in what stage of group development? A. performing B. storming C. adjourning D. forming E. norming
B. storming
The Nordstrom department store chain emphasizes the great lengths to which it goes in customer service. By enforcing its norms for exceptional customer service, Nordstrom is seeking A. to clarify role expectations. B. to emphasize the organization's important values and identity. C. to create cohesiveness. D. to help the group survive. E. to help individuals avoid embarrassing situations.
B. to emphasize the organization's important values and identity.
Melanie has a master's degree in psychology, but she is working at a sunglasses cart in the mall. She is currently A. experiencing reverse discrimination. B. underemployed. C. lacking a support system. D. demotivated. E. recession-resistant.
B. underemployed.
Which of the following is a manifestation of excessive conflict in the workplace? A. apathy B. violence and workplace aggression C. missed deadlines D. indecision E. lack of creativity
B. violence and workplace aggression
The interdisciplinary field of organizational ______ tries to explain and predict workplace behavior to help managers better lead and motivate others
Behavior
______ leadership approaches attempt to determine the unique behaviors used by effective leaders.
Behavioral
The statement "I won't give Roberto such a tight deadline again" reflects the ______ component of an attitude.
Behavioral or intentional
What control is most appropriate for an organization in which the tasks are explicit and certain.
Bureaucratic
Which kind of organization is most likely to try to exert too much control?
Bureaucratic
_____ is a state of emotional, mental, and even physical exhaustion, expressed as listlessness, indifference, or frustration. A. Eustress B. Distress C. Role overload D. Burnout E. Breakdown
Burnout (D)
_____ is the conflict-handling style in which a person neglects his or her own concerns and allows the concerns of another to prevail. A. Forcing B. Avoiding C. Accommodating D. Collaborating E. Compromising
C. Accommodating
______ assumes that three basic needs influence behavior and that they may be activated concurrently. A. Maslow's theory B. Expectancy theory C. Alderfer's ERG theory D. Hertzberg's theory E. Equity theory
C. Alderfer's ERG theory
It has been seven quarters since any employee has received a bonus at R & G Mills, so now the possibility of getting one does not seems to be motivating the workers any longer. In this case, management has inadvertently applied A. expectancy. B. negative reinforcement. C. extinction. D. intrinsic motivation. E. punishment.
C. extinction.
Jenna really enjoys mingling at work functions, both to network for new contacts and simply to share stories with other interesting people. Jenna probably scores high in A. emotional stability. B. conscientiousness. C. extroversion. D. agreeableness. E. openness to experience.
C. extroversion.
Two or more freely interacting individuals who share norms, share goals, and have a common identity form a A. cluster. B. self-managing work team. C. group. D. quality circle. E. collaborative unit.
C. group.
Even when he started his first job, Cyrus was not content to be just one of the employees. His boss noticed that he often directed his coworkers about ways to improve their work, even when it wasn't his job. Cyrus probably has a A. high need for achievement. B. high need for affiliation. C. high need for power. D. low need for achievement. E. high need for leadership.
C. high need for power.
The extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals is called A. job involvement. B. job performance. C. organizational commitment. D. job satisfaction. E. job enrichment.
C. organizational commitment.
Job satisfaction results in stronger ______ and lower levels of ______ A. job involvement; work-life balance. B. motivation; life satisfaction. C. organizational commitment; perceived stress. D. perceived stress; life satisfaction. E. perceived stress; absenteeism.
C. organizational commitment; perceived stress.
A sales commission is an example of a ______ compensation plan. A. pay for knowledge B. profit sharing C. pay for performance D. gainsharing E. Scanlon
C. pay for performance
Belief in one's personal ability to do a task is called A. self-esteem. B. openness to experience. C. self-efficacy. D. locus of control. E. self-monitoring.
C. self-efficacy.
The tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to the situation the person is in is called A. the halo effect. B. a self-serving bias. C. the fundamental attribution bias. D. selective perception. E. stereotyping.
C. the fundamental attribution bias.
The motivating potential score is calculated as part of using A. reinforcement theory. B. McClelland's acquired needs theory. C. the job characteristics model. D. goal-setting theory. E. equity theory.
C. the job characteristics model.
Which of the following is not a reason why group or team members typically enforce norms? A. to clarify role expectations B. to help the group survive C. to create a written document of behavioral guidelines for new employees D. to emphasize the group's important values E. to help individuals avoid embarrassing situations
C. to create a written document of behavioral guidelines for new employees
The abstract ideals that guide a person's thinking and behavior across all situations are called A. ethics. B. culture. C. values. D. attitudes. E. perceptions.
C. values.
Which of the following is not a step in the perceptual process? A. Selective attention. B. Retrieving from memory to make judgments and decisions. C. Causal attribution. D. Interpretation and evaluation. E. Storing in memory
Casual attribution (C)
Which of the following is NOT a step in the perceptual process?
Causal Attribution
four main factors that shape organization culture
Characteristics of Organizational Members Organizational Ethics The Employment Relationship Organizational Structure
Which of the following is part of Deming's PDCA cycle?
Check
Which of the following is the best way to manage virtual teams?
Check in regularly, but resist the urge to micromanage
Maneka is on a team with Larson, and they are often in conflict. Maneka likes to begin her work with careful planning and she gets started immediately. Larson, on the other hand, likes trying out several ideas, and tends to be working frantically at the last minute. Their conflict most likely stems from
Clash of personality, values, and attitudes
In using reinforcement, a manager should
Clearly communicate the desired behavior
Which of the following is a "don't" when attempting to improve communication?
Close your eyes
Karl was put on probation for a string of customer complaints about his poor service and professionalism. His supervisor was using ______ power.
Coercive
The ______ component of an attitude consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation.
Cognitive
Which of the following is not a principle of Deming management?
Companies should determine which workers are to blame for problems.
______ is the conflict-handling style in which both parties give up something to gain something.
Compromising
In the performing stage of group development, members
Concentrate on solving problems and completing tasks
_______ is a process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another.
Conflict
______ is the personality dimension that describes how achievement-oriented and persistent a person is. A. Emotional stability B. Conscientiousness C. Extroversion D. Locus of control E. Self-efficacy
Conscientiousness (B)
______ is the process of instituting ongoing small, incremental improvements in all parts of an organization.
Continuous improvement
According to Festinger, which of the following factors is most relevant as people deal with the discomfort of cognitive dissonance? A. Personal ethics B. Judgment of others C. Personality differences D. Control over the situation E. Experience with decision-making
Control over the situation (D)
Kim, a customer service manager, tracks monthly complaints and has been trying over the past six months to reduce complaints to less than 0.2 percent through additional training for her staff. She is engaged in
Controlling
______ is defined as establishing goals, monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and taking corrective action as needed.
Controlling
What allow top management to decentralize decision making at lower levels within the organization.
Controls
Which of the following factors is most relevant to a person's overall satisfaction with his or her job? A. Life outside of work B. Coworkers C. Locus of control D. Industry E. Self-efficacy
Coworkers (B)
Which of the following is not characteristic of workgroups with excessive conflict?
Creativity
Which of the following is not one of the top five qualities that employers are looking for most in college graduates?
Creativity
Trust is based on _______, which in turn is based on past acts of integrity and follow-through on promises.
Credibility
A team composed of people from different departments who are pursuing a common objective is called a _____. For example, ToysRUs may bring together employees from manufacturing, design, sales, marketing, and market research to brainstorm new board games for adults.
Cross-functional team
Which of the following areas of control for organizations exerts informal control?
Cultural
Which term refers to the use of the Internet at work for personal use?
Cyberloafing
GlobalSatellite, applying TQM, restructured its service call procedures and eliminated some steps involved so that employees can finish each call faster. Global Satellite is attempting to _____?
Cycle Time
______ is defined as the psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior. A. Stimulus B. Productivity C. Enticement D. Motivation E. Incented action
D. Motivation
In the performing stage of group development, members A. prepare for disbandment. B. develop close relationships. C. test the leader's policies. D. concentrate on solving problems and completing tasks. E. hold back to see what will happen.
D. concentrate on solving problems and completing tasks.
When workers perceive they are being treated fairly on the job, they are most likely to A. pass up promotional opportunities. B. show improved safety practices. C. be a whistleblower. D. cooperate in group settings. E. seek additional education.
D. cooperate in group settings.
Absenteeism, drug and alcohol abuse, and disciplinary problems are examples of A. organizational citizenship behaviors. B. self-efficacy. C. causal attribution. D. counterproductive work behaviors. E. self-serving bias.
D. counterproductive work behaviors.
A team composed of people from different departments who are pursuing a common objective is called a _____. For example, ToysRUs may bring together employees from manufacturing, design, sales, marketing, and market research to brainstorm new board games for adults. A. quality circle B. problem-solving team C. virtual team D. cross-functional team E. workforce
D. cross-functional team
A(n) ______ program includes plans to help employees cope with stress, burnout, substance abuse, health problems, and family issues that influence job performance. A. holistic wellness B. employee engagement C. counterproductive behavior D. employee assistance E. self-monitoring
D. employee assistance
Jason's team lead has just told the group that if they finish the current project before then, they can have Friday off without taking vacation. The team gets right to work, being motivated by a(n) A. intrinsic reward. B. physiological need. C. high need for power. D. extrinsic reward. E. hygiene factor
D. extrinsic reward.
A(n) ________ group is created to do something productive for the organization and is headed by a leader. For example, this group may be created to develop a new line of skin-care products specifically for people over the age of 60. A. dynamic B. informal C. normative D. formal E. network
D. formal
Theresa has really blossomed in her sales job. She loves building mutually beneficial relationships and is extremely well liked by her clients. Theresa likely has a A. low need for affiliation. B. low need for power. C. low need for achievement. D. high need for affiliation. E. high need for achievement.
D. high need for affiliation.
In managing virtual workers, a manager should A. give directions only by phone or in person. B. make sure the worker is keeping to a fixed schedule of hours. C. set goals that focus on team members' personal enrichment. D. meet regularly, face-to-face. E. set up large teams composed of employees from different departments across the organization.
D. meet regularly, face-to-face.
Maslow's levels of needs, in order from lowest (most basic) to highest level, are A. self-actualization, esteem, love, safety, and physiological. B. safety, love, esteem, self-actualization, and physiological. C. physiological, safety, self-actualization, esteem, and love. D. physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. E. safety, physiological, esteem, love, and self-actualization.
D. physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization.
The use of desirable consequences to encourage desirable behavior is called A. constructive feedback. B. extinction. C. intrinsic motivation. D. positive reinforcement. E. valence.
D. positive reinforcement.
Wei is a manager of several subordinates who seem to be low in self-efficacy. In an effort to improve this, she should A. let them learn new tasks independently. B. give them simplistic jobs. C. immediately create very challenging goals for them. D. provide guided experiences and mentoring. E. avoid giving positive feedback.
D. provide guided experiences and mentoring.
Members of a team develop their ______ based on the expectations of the team, of the organization, and of themselves. A. resources B. norms C. groupthink D. roles E. social fit
D. roles
Tori has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson, since she beat her goal this year by nearly 30%. But last year when she didn't even reach her goal, she said it was simply the economy. This is an example of the A. halo effect. B. self-fulfilling prophecy. C. fundamental attribution bias. D. self-serving bias. E. selective perception error.
D. self-serving bias.
Which of the following is a trait of emotional intelligence? A. situational awareness B. self-sufficiency C. self-monitoring D. social awareness E. self-efficacy
D. social awareness
The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs is called A. generalization. B. selective perception. C. a fundamental attribution error. D. stereotyping. E. the halo effect.
D. stereotyping.
The group development stage in which individuals test the leader's policies and assumptions as they try to determine how they fit into the power structure is the ______ stage. A. forming B. norming C. performing D. storming E. adjourning
D. storming
Which of the following is not considered an essential consideration in building a group into an effective team? A. trust B. collaboration C. roles D. unanimity E. norms
D. unanimity
Rita is on a team that consists of members who work together over time and distance via electronic media to combine effort and achieve common goals. Rita is on a(n) A. remote team. B. e-team. C. self-managed team. D. virtual team. E. quality improvement team.
D. virtual team.
Surveys show that employees are more interested in ______ rather than just earning a paycheck. A. advancement opportunity B. recognition C. benefits D. work-life balance E. status
D. work-life balance
Which of the following is not appropriate to include in the conclusion of a speech?
Details you forgot from earlier
Which of the following is not a suggested strategy for reducing unhealthy stressors in organizations? A. Rollout employee assistance programs. B. Recommend a holistic wellness approach. C. Develop a more formal structure with authoritative supervision. D. Make jobs interesting. E. Make career counseling available
Develop a more formal structure with authoritative supervision (C)
Rebecca asked Gavin, one of her team members, to purposefully think of and voice criticisms as the group discussed a popular idea to open a branch office in another state. This is an example of the use of
Devil's advocacy
_________ is the process of assigning someone to play the role of critic to voice possible objections to a proposal.
Devil's advocacy
______ represent(s) all the ways people are unlike and alike. A. Lifestyle B. Dimensions C. Background D. Conditions E. Diversity
Diversity (E)
A manager needs to inform employees that the quarterly project management training will start on May 1, about two months from now. Generally, which of the following should the manager use in this situation?
During the performing stage of team development, the group answers the question A. "Can we agree on roles and work as a team?" B. "Why are we here?" C. "Why are we fighting?" D. "Who's in charge?" E. "Can we do the job properly?"
E. "Can we do the job properly?"
According to goal-setting theory, which of the following is necessary for goals to create high motivation and performance? A. Setting general goals that will work for multiple employees B. Predetermining acceptable rewards for meeting goals C. Setting goals that fulfill self-actualization needs D. Reinforcing of desired behaviors E. Setting goals linked to an action plan
E. Setting goals linked to an action plan
When Cisco Systems told executives they would gain or lose 30 percent of their bonuses based on how well they worked with peers, and in three years had record profits, the company A. reduced destructive internal competition. B. increased productivity. C. increased speed. D. reduced costs. E. improved workplace cohesiveness.
E. improved workplace cohesiveness.
In all but the worst weather, Beth and three coworkers met each day at 12:15 to walk the wilderness trail behind their office building. The four co-workers are an example of a(n) A. continuous improvement team. B. formal group. C. self-managed team. D. virtual team. E. informal group.
E. informal group.
The extent to which employees have positive or negative feelings about various aspects of their work refers to their A. job involvement. B. job performance. C. organizational commitment. D. job enrichment. E. job satisfaction.
E. job satisfaction.
Julia really doesn't like her new boss and is not happy with the new tasks she's been assigned and the long hours she's been working. Still, she truly believes in what the company is trying to accomplish. Julia has A. poor job performance. B. low job involvement. C. low organizational commitment. D. poor job enrichment. E. low job satisfaction.
E. low job satisfaction.
Someone at a team meeting who says, "Let's hear from those who oppose this plan," is performing a ______ role. A. task B. social C. coordinator D. reorientation E. maintenance
E. maintenance
Tension was apparent as the management team discussed changes to promotion requirements. But then Chris made a joke about Jake's white-knuckled grip on his pen, and the laughter seemed to lighten the mood. Chris was acting in a ______ role. A. relational B. task C. production D. social E. maintenance
E. maintenance
Dysfunctional conflict is sometimes called ______ conflict. A. apathetic B. irregular C. destructive D. aggressive E. negative
E. negative
The stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person her identity are known as her A. character. B. values. C. attitudes. D. attributions. E. personality.
E. personality.
Theories that try to understand the thought processes by which people decide how to act are called A. needs-based perspectives. B. reinforcement perspectives. C. job design perspectives. D. cognitive perspectives. E. process perspectives.
E. process perspectives.
Cara's manager notices that she exhibits an internal locus of control when she speaks about her work. Her manager should A. give Cara a lot of positive feedback. B. ensure that Cara has a highly structured job. C. give Cara a job with much social contact with coworkers and customers. D. closely supervise Cara's work. E. provide an incentive structure to pay Cara.
E. provide an incentive structure to pay Cara.
You have important clients in town who want to have dinner with you, but your mother has a plumbing leak and has asked you to come over and shut off the water until she can get it fixed tomorrow. You are experiencing A. role ambiguity. B. burnout. C. learned helplessness. D. role overload. E. role conflict.
E. role conflict.
Job ______ is the opposite of job A. rotation; enrichment. B. rotation; enlargement. C. loading; enrichment. D. simplification; enrichment. E. simplification; enlargement.
E. simplification; enlargement.
A(n) ______ role is behavior that concentrates on getting the team's work done. For example, one team member's role may be to generate daily sales information at the end of each working day. A. maintenance B. performance C. administrative D. production E. task
E. task
Jamal points out during the meeting that the group has fallen a half hour behind schedule according to the agenda, and should get back to the important work at hand. He is performing a ______ role. A. relational B. production C. maintenance D. social E. task
E. task
Anya's job as an accounting assistant was recently modified to include reconciling of bank accounts and delivering checks to the bank, two tasks previously done by the accounting manager. This increase in responsibility would best be described as A. job development. B. job enlargement. C. job satisficing. D. job design. E. vertical loading.
E. vertical loading.
Which of the following statements is not true about communication in the workplace?
Emails can cut through the misunderstandings that result from misinterpreted phone calls
People high in ______ are responsive to others' social and interpersonal cues
Emotional intelligence
Lai worked on a global team for an American company, and all her work had to be completed in her second language, English. Sometimes her teammates misinterpreted her meaning. Lai has unintentionally created of a(n) ______ barrier to communication.
Encoding
Lynn had many spelling and grammar mistakes in her report, some of which made the content difficult to understand. Lynn's report is an example of poor ______.
Encoding
Which of the following is not an element of an effective social media policy?
Encourage employees to post honest, bold, and even unpopular decisions
Job ______ is the opposite of ______.
Enlargement; scientific management
Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one of the following theories?
Equity theory
_____ is a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships.
Equity theory
Gina was recently promoted to facilities director at Wholesome Grains. Which of the following should she do immediately as she tries to improve productivity?
Establish a system of measurement
Which of the following is a step in the control process?
Establish standards
division of labor
Establishing an appropriate division of labor among employees is vital to increasing efficiency and effectiveness.
The control process begins with?
Establishing standards
According to Maslow, the need for status, reputation, and recognition is part of a person's _____ needs.
Esteem
Which of the following may be done as corrective action in the control process?
Evaluate performance and take action
The theory under which people make the choice that promises them the greatest reward if they think they can get it is
Expectancy theory
______ power results from one's specialized knowledge.
Expert
Regina apologized to Clay for an e-mail that upset him. She said she had chosen an inconsiderate way of stating her idea, and that she'd be happy to discuss it further. Regina is
Expressing consideration behavior
Which of the following is one of the four layers of the diversity wheel? A. Gender B. External dimensions C. Llfestyle D. Management status E. Physical ability
External dimensions (B)
It has been two years since any employee has received a bonus at Tech Outlet, and the possibility of getting one no longer seems to motivate employees. In this case, management has inadvertently applied
Extinction
_____ is the weakening of behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced.
Extinction
Ricardo's sales manager just informed his sales team that all sales in January will earn an extra 5 percent commission. The team gets right to work, being motivated by a(n)
Extrinsic reward
______ has been associated with success for managers and salespeople. A. Extroversion B. Agreeableness C. Openness to experience D. Emotional stability E. Conscientiousness
Extroversion (A)
Jenna really enjoys mingling at work functions, both to network for new contacts and simply to share stories with other interesting people. Jenna probably scores high in A. emotional stability. B. conscientiousness. C. extroversion. D. agreeableness. E. openness to experience
Extroversion (C)
A manager should administer punishment in public in front of employees because the embarrassment enhances the punishment and its effectiveness
F
A self-managed team is designed to include members from different areas within an organization, such as finance, operations, and sales.
F
According to equity theory, employees who feel they are being underrewarded are more likely to support organizational change, more apt to cooperate in group settings, and less apt to turn to arbitration and the courts to remedy real or imagined wrongs.
F
Adaptive, flexible organizational cultures are less likely to foster transformational leadership than bureaucratic ones.
F
An audience can typically remember about 10 points from a speech.
F
An example of a maintenance role is an initiator, someone who suggests new goals or ideas.
F
Corrective action is a control principle that states that managers should be informed of a situation only if data show a significant deviation from standards.
F
During the storming stage of Tuckman's five-stage model, the leader of a team should allow members the empowerment they need to concentrate on solving problems and completing the assigned task.
F
Formal channels of communication are typically faster than the grapevine.
F
General Electric paid employees who were smokers up to $750 to quit and stay off cigarettes. This program was three times as successful as a different GE "quit smoking" program in which employees received no paid incentives. The $750 in the first program is an example of an intrinsic reward.
F
Generally people retain about 75 percent of what they hear.
F
Goal-setting theory suggests that behavior tends to be repeated if it has positive consequences and tends not to be repeated if it has negative consequences.
F
John's manager just told his team about this year's contest, the winner of which will receive an all-expense paid trip to Bangkok. John does not like to travel to places where he can't speak the language, so he is not very enthusiastic. This reward has a high valence for John.
F
Most workers rate monetary benefits higher than a caring boss.
F
Narcissistic leaders tend to bring out the best work behaviors in others.
F
Norms are a typically explicit and are often discussed openly.
F
One of the ways to improve communication is to avoid animation.
F
One's power comes as part of one's job; it is the right to perform or command.
F
Passive leaders inspire trust in their followers because they express their integrity by being consistent, single-minded, and persistent in pursuit of their goal.
F
Reward power results from managers' authority to punish their employees.
F
Stephen and Tyler went to the same college, and they have never liked each other. Stephen thinks Tyler is a loudmouth, while Tyler thinks Stephen is arrogant and self-impressed. If Stephen and Tyler end up working for the same company, they are likely to experience a multicultural conflict.
F
The sun was shining directly into Matt's eyes, so he looked away and missed the coach's demonstration of a defensive technique. In this case, the sun acts as feedback in the communication process.
F
The task significance for a craftsperson who goes through all the steps to build a handmade acoustic guitar is higher than it is for an assembly-line worker who just installs windshields on cars.
F
Those with a high need for achievement may be the least efficient managers because they may resist making decisions that make others resent them.
F
When using text messages for important workplace communications, use abbreviations and emojis to streamline the communication.
F
A self-managed team is designed to include members from different areas within an organization, such as finance, operations, and sales. (True/False)
FALSE
An example of a maintenance role is an initiator, someone who suggests new goals or ideas. (True/False)
FALSE
During the storming stage of Tuckman's five-stage model, the leader of a team should allow members the empowerment they need to concentrate on solving problems and completing the assigned task. (True/False)
FALSE
Norms are a typically explicit and are often discussed openly. (True/False)
FALSE
A person with an external locus of control is likely to respond more productively to merit pay incentives than one with an internal locus
False
Ethnocentrism is a strong self-identification with one's race or ethnicity, often to the exclusion of other personal characteristics
False
Gina was pregnant with her first child, and she ordered a beer at lunch. She drank it despite reading the label that said consumption of alcohol during pregnancy has been linked to birth defects. Her actions are likely to cause cognitive dissonance in the other patrons in the restaurant.
False
High job satisfaction is a fundamental predictor of high job performance.
False
Individuals with an external locus of control tend to display greater work motivation, which leads to higher salaries.
False
Leah has hired two new employees for her team, Jake and Margaret. Jake is outgoing and attractive, while Margaret is very bright but seems quiet and unsure of herself. Leah immediately expects Jake to outperform Margaret at the job. Jake is likely experiencing the halo effect.
False
Low self-monitoring individuals tend to have greater career success than high self-monitors
False
Often personality tests can be used effectively as the sole basis for hiring
False
On Gardenswartz and Rowe's diversity wheel, biographical dimensions of diversity consist of the personal characteristics that people acquire, discard, or modify throughout their lives
False
Studies show a surprising lack of correlation between organizational commitment and job satisfaction.
False
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires organizations to make all requested accommodations for an individual's disabilities
False
The glass ceiling is a concept that applies to women, but not to minorities.
False
The halo effect occurs only with positive traits
False
Very low levels of stress lead to the best workplace performance
False
While different from Gen Xers that were born in the generation before them, the Millennials can be managed in much the same way the Boomers are
False
Stereotyping is holding negative notions about less privileged groups such as women or ethnic minorities
False (Stereotyping is the tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs)
One of the things that Millennials are looking for is a job with regular working hours
False (What Millennials are looking for in the workplace is not only a good income and good relationships with their bosses and coworkers but also challenging daily work, the opportunity for growth, the chance to show off skills and be recognized for their accomplishments, casual dress environment, and flexible schedules for social and personal time)
When an employee does not show up for work every day it is known as turnover
False (Absenteeism)
A value is a learned predisposition toward a specific object
False (Attitude)
The intentional component of an attitude is also known as the cognitive component.
False (Behavioral)
Role overload is a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion, expressed as listlessness, indifference, or frustration
False (Burnout)
Self-serving bias, according to Leon Festinger, describes the psychological discomfort a person experiences between his or her cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior
False (Cognitive Dissonance)
Steadiness is the Big Five personality trait that refers to how dependable, responsible, achievement- oriented, and persistent one is
False (Conscientiousness)
Violence is considered a dysfunctional work behavior
False (Counterproductive work behaviors)
Employee assistance programs focus on self-responsibility, nutritional and environmental awareness, relaxation techniques, and physical fitness
False (Holistic wellness)
Individuality is defined as the stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity
False (Personality consists of the stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity)
As an emotional intelligence trait, social awareness refers to the ability to communicate clearly, disarm conflicts, and build strong personal bonds.
False (Relationship management)
Having to decide between working late at your boss's request or attending your child's birthday party is an example of role overload
False (Role conflict)
Cognitive dissonance is the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively
False (Stress)
Examining how the organization looks to shareholders is part of which of the balanced scorecard perspectives?
Financial perspective
A _____ budget allocates resources on the basis of a single estimate of costs.
Fixed or static
Of the following, which medium is the least rich?
Flier on a bulletin board
Holistic Wellness Program
Focuses on self-responsibility, nutritional awareness, relaxation techniques, physical fitness, and environmental awareness.
Active listening requires all of the following except
Focusing on the delivery rather than content
Channels of communications that follow the chain of command and are considered as official are _____ communication channels.
Formal
Molly organized several teachers to discuss the school's interior painting scheduled for the summer. They looked at several brands and heard a presentation by a designer who then helped them choose a color palette to recommend to school administrators. In this instance, the teachers made up a(n)
Formal group
A Scanlon plan is a type of ______ compensation plan.
Gainsharing
Because the production division at Heavenly Gates Inc. is $10,000 below budget due to process improvements, this year 30 percent of the savings will be returned to the division to spend as desired, as a form of
Gainsharing
Which of the following is not a practice used to create a flexible workplace?
Gainsharing
decentralizing authority
Giving lower-level managers and nonmanagerial employees the right to make important decisions about how to use organizational resources.
Managers can increase overall productivity by increasing the efficiency of all the following except
Goals
Productivity equals
Goods and services produced, divided by labor, capital, energy, and materials
Gossip and rumor in an organization are part of the _____, which itself is a type of ______ communication channel.
Grapevine; informal
A _____ is defined as two or more freely interacting individuals who share norms, share goals, and have a common identity.
Group
Two or more freely interacting individuals who share norms, share goals, and have a common identity form a
Group
The principal by-product of the norming stage of team development is
Group cohesiveness
______ is a "we feeling" that binds group members together.
Group cohesiveness
Levi led a team that has just finished up a very challenging research project that will assist management in developing long-range plans. Despite the stress of the past few months, most participants seem sad it's over. Now Levi should
Have an awards ceremony.
Because hard feelings about group leadership and assignments have passed, the members of Robin's group now seem to be relating much better. At the meeting tomorrow, she should take advantage of this moment by
Helping the team identify group goals and values
Sharon has excelled as an auditor for a large financial consulting firm. She loves building mutually beneficial relationships and is extremely well liked by her clients. Sharon likely has a
High need for affiliation
Even when he started his first job, Will was not content to be just one of the employees. His boss noticed that he often coached his coworkers about ways to improve their work, even when it wasn't his job. Will probably has a
High need for power
Kim supervises a group of customer service representatives. Kim is respected and well liked by her staff, and she has worked hard to make sure each of them knows how to do their job well. She is responsible for all staffing and reward decisions in her department. Kim has _____ in the contingency model.
High situational control
Administrative oversight given to self-managed teams does not typically include
Hiring and firing
Executives at Breakers Engineering want to let middle managers know that the company is going to be acquired by its largest competitor. Assuming the following paths of communication are possible, how should executives communicate this information?
Hold a face-to-face meetings
Diane, a marketing manager, shares some of the market research her department has analyzed with the research and development group. Diane is communicating
Horizontally
The leadership styles of ________ originally included supportive and achievement-oriented and two others, but was more recently revised to include a total of eight styles.
House's path-goal model
____________ is the model in which an effective leader makes desirable rewards available, clarifies how employees can achieve objectives, and provides them support in doing so.
House's path-goal model
Kara was required to take a word-processing test as part of her application for an executive assistant position. This control is part of the ______ area.
Human resources
Clint is a branch manager for a large freight company. He has noticed low morale lately, perhaps because of the cramped quarters, stricter policies, and lack of raises this year. According to Herzberg, Clint should first concentrate on
Hygiene factors
Installing quality-control procedures that can be audited by independent quality-control experts is fundamental to
ISO 9000
Lee Gardenswartz and Anita Rowe
Identified a "diversity wheel" consisting of four layers of diversity: (1) personality, (2) internal dimensions, (3) external dimensions, (4) organizational dimensions.
When thieves use your name and good credit rating to get cash or buy things, they are engaging in
Identity theft
Randy complained to his boss, Maryann, that he received the same bonus this quarter as everyone else, despite the longer hours he had worked and his higher level of experience, production, and efficiency. If Maryann can't change the bonus, she should expect that Randy might respond in any of the following ways
Ignoring his feeling of resentment and trying harder in next quarter
When Cisco Systems told executives they would gain or lose 30 percent of their bonuses based on how well they worked with peers, and in three years had record profits, the company
Improved workplace cohesiveness
Diversity Wheel: External Dimensions
Include an element of choice; they consist of the personal characteristics that people acquire, discard, or modify throughout their lives: educational background, marital status, parental status, religion, income, geographic location, work experience, recreational habits, appearance, personal habits. They are referred to as secondary dimensions of diversity because we have a greater ability to influence or control them than we do internal dimensions.
Which of the following dimensions is an example of a secondary dimension on the diversity wheel? A. Income B. Race C. Sexual orientation D. Physical abilities E. Age
Income (A)
A(n) ______ ______ summarizes an organization's financial results over a specified period of time, such as a quarter or a year.
Income Statement
A(n) _________ represents the profits or losses incurred by an organization.
Income statement
Which of the following is a source of intergroup conflict in the workplace?
Inconsistent goals or reward systems
Which of the following is not a purpose of a manager?
Increase globalization
Research shows that simplified jobs lead to all the following except
Increased productivity.
Which of the following is not a benefit of teamwork in an organization?
Increased stress
A ______ budget allocates increased or decreased funds to a department by using the last budget period as a reference point.
Incremental
What Budgeting allocates increased or decreased funds to a department by using the last budget period as a reference point; only incremental changes in the budget request are reviewed.
Incremental
Which of the following is a characteristic of a successful control system?
Inflexible to optimize control
Leadership is the ability to ______ employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals.
Influence
In all but the worst weather, Beth and three coworkers met each day at 12:15 to walk the wilderness trail behind their office building. The four co-workers are an example of a(n)
Informal group
Which of the following is true of informal groups?
Informal groups can advance or undercut the plans of formal groups
A sales forecast is an example of an organizational control from the _____ area.
Informational
Increasing employee psychological empowerment requires four kinds of behaviors, including all of the following except
Inspiration
______ is the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the desired outcome.
Instrumentality
At his review last year, Bryan was promised a 20 percent raise if he met his production goals. Raises were included in today's paychecks, and although Bryan has met all of his goals, he received only a cost-of-living raise. In the future, Bryan's ______ will probably be ______.
Instrumentality; low
Employees with a(n) ______ locus of control will probably resist close managerial supervision and should probably be placed in jobs requiring high initiative and lower compliance.
Internal
Ana Maria believes that she controls her own destiny. She is a rather shy person who is extremely dependable and responsible, and her coworkers respect her greatly. Ana Maria has a(n) ______ locus of control and would rate high on the _______ dimension of personality.
Internal ; conscientiousness
If you have a(n) ____________, you believe you control your own destiny.
Internal Locus of Control
People with ______ exhibit less anxiety, greater motivation, and stronger expectations that effort leads to performance.
Internal Locus of Control
Which balanced scorecard perspective helps top management focus on what the organization must excel at to effectively meet its financial objectives and customers' expectations?
Internal business perspective
According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor?
Interpersonal relationships
House's revision of his theory puts more emphasis on the need for leaders to foster
Intrinsic motivation through empowerment
Paula's management professor just told her class that the final exam is optional for students like Paula who currently have an A. Paula decides to take the exam anyway because she likes the subject and wants to master the material. Paula is motivated to take the exam by a(n)
Intrinsic reward
Which of the following best describes the graph of stress (x-axis) versus performance (y-axis)? A. Line with a positive slope B. Line with a negative slope C. A horizontal line D. U-shaped curve E. Inverted u-shaped curve
Inverted u-shaped curve (D)
enlargement; scientific management
Job ______ is the opposite of ______. loading; job enrichment rotation; job enlargement enlargement; scientific management rotation; job focus enlargement; job enrichment
______ involves division of an organization's work among its employees and applies motivational theories to jobs to increase satisfaction and performance.
Job design
__________ is the process of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation.
Job enlargement
Michele's job as an accounting assistant was recently modified to include reconciling bank accounts and making deposits, two tasks previously done by the accounting manager. This increase in responsibility would best be described as
Job enrichment
______ is the process of expanding a position, in hopes of helping the employee gain motivating factors like recognition and achievement.
Job enrichment
pay-for-performance
José has a summer job hand-dyeing shirts that will be sold on the boardwalk. He is paid $5.00 per shirt. José is being paid on a ______ compensation plan. profit-sharing bonus gainsharing pay-for-knowledge pay-for-performance
Which of the following is a reason that some women face a glass ceiling? A. Poor goal-setting B. Inability to motivate others C. Poor financial performance D. Lack of mentors E. Inability to produce high-quality work
Lack of mentors (D)
The ______ model of leadership emphasizes that leaders have different sorts of relationships with different employees.
Leader-member exchange (LMX)
"Do my subordinates accept me as a leader?" This question reflects which of the following dimensions of situational control?
Leader-member relations
Who benefits most from followers who are helpers (most compliant) rather than rebels (least compliant)?
Leaders
______ is the ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals.
Leadership
The danger of using a ____ ____ for nonroutine matters is that it results in information oversimplification; it doesn't provide enough of the information the receiver needs and wants.
Lean Medium
Attitude/ 3 layers of attitude
Learned predisposition towards a certain object 1) affective component- "I feel" 2) cognitive- "I believe" 3) behavioral- "I intend"
____ is the questionnaire used in Fiedler's model to determine leadership orientation.
Least preferred coworker (LPC) scale
The power that managers have resulting from their formal positions within organizations is called ______ power.
Legitimate
Transformational leadership is positively associated with all the following except
Less commitment to organizational change
Which of the following is not positively associated with transformational leadership, according to research?
Less group cohesion
Active ______ is the process of actively decoding and interpreting verbal messages, which requires full attention and processing.
Listening
Jane leads a task force developing specifications for a new customer database to be used by several departments. Jane is an IT supervisor, but most of the other task force members are directors of other departments. At the first meeting, a few of them asked questions that she couldn't answer. According to the contingency model, Jane's situational control is likely
Low
Carol really doesn't like her new boss and is not happy with the new tasks she's been assigned and the long hours she's been working. Still, she truly believes in what the company is trying to accomplish. Carol has
Low job satisfaction
Which of the following would be considered a negative interpersonal trait often found in leaders?
Machiavellianism
Which of the following is appropriate for workplace e-mail?
Maintaining work-life balance by not sending e-mails before or after work hours
Someone at a team meeting who says, "Let's hear from those who oppose this plan," is performing a ______ role.
Maintenance
Tension was apparent as the management team discussed changes to promotion requirements. But then Chris made a joke about Jake's white-knuckled grip on his pen, and the laughter seemed to lighten the mood. Chris was acting in a ______ role.
Maintenance
According to Herzberg's theory, the first thing managers of employees who dislike their jobs should do is to
Make sure pay levels, policies, and working conditions are reasonable
Scientific Management
Management approach that emphasizes the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers
Techniques for improving quality include all of the following except
Market share
McClelland's need for achievement corresponds most closely to
Maslow's self-actualization needs
In managing virtual workers, a manager should
Meet regularly, face-to-face
Tactical control is performed mainly by
Middle managers
____ is a state of reduced attention that is expressed in behavior that is rigid or thoughtless. This state is natural because human beings simply cannot keep up with all the stimuli they receive.
Mindlessness
The grapevine is
More active when official communication is lacking
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, in the zone between the motivating factors and the hygiene factors, employees are
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
______ is any disturbance that interferes with the transmission of a message, and it can occur in any medium.
Noise
During the ______ stage of team development, close relationships develop as unity and harmony emerge.
Norming
The stage of team development during which a group sets guidelines about issues like attendance and punctuality is the ______ stage.
Norming
Which of the following is not a personal barrier to communication?
Obsolete technology
Role Conflict
Occurs when one feels torn by the different expectations of important people in one's life. Example: your supervisor says the company needs you to stay late to meet an important deadline, but your family expects you to be present for your child's birthday party.
Role Ambiguity
Occurs when others' expectations are unknown. Example: You find your job description and the criteria for promotion vague, a complaint often voiced by newcomers to an organization.
teamwork
Of the following, which is not a core job characteristic? task significance task identity teamwork autonomy skill variety
________ programs help employees to integrate and transition to a new job. A. Organizational citizenship B. Employee assistance C. Onboarding D. Self-efficacy E. Proactive
Onboarding (C)
______ is the personality dimension that describes how intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded a person is.
Openness to Experience
______ is the personality dimension that describes how intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad- minded a person is. A. Inquisitiveness B. Emotional stability C. Openness to experience D. Extroversion E. Inventiveness
Openness to experience (C)
Monitoring performance to ensure that day-to-day goals are being implemented and taking corrective action as needed is known as ______ control.
Operational
Four factors that determine type of organizational structure
Organizational environment Strategy Technology Human Resources
Which of the following is a primary function of management?
Organizing
Recruiters for Mountainview College were under extreme pressure to increase an enrollment goal by 10 percent. As a result, they admitted many students who were marginally qualified and who performed poorly in classes. This is an example of which problem associated with control systems?
Overemphasis on means instead of ends
Harbor Casino and Resort requires its casino dealers to have licenses, observes them using closed-circuit TV, and requires detailed reports at the end of each shift. This organization has overcome the control system barrier of
Overemphasis on one instead of multiple approaches
Before the fall term began, professors at Hillview College were required to fill out numerous forms, including performance objectives, surveys, and lists of their summer contacts with prospective students. Many professors complained that their time would be better spent preparing for their courses. This situation is an example of which barrier to successful control?
Overemphasis on paperwork
When Nelson saw Betty in the stockroom stuffing her purse with expensive printer cartridges, Betty was quick to say, "We've been friends since first grade, so I'm sure you won't say anything about this." Betty was using a(n) _____ on Nelson.
Personal appeal
______ is at the center of the diversity wheel. A. Philosophy B. Personality C. Psychometrics D. Philanthropy E. Psychology
Personality (B)
__________________ should be supplemented with information from reference checks, personal interviews, ability tests, and job performance records when hiring.
Personality test data
Which of the following would be considered a primary dimension of diversity? A. Physical ability B. Religion C. Lifestyle D. Appearance E. Educational background
Physical ability (A)
To use ____ means to give praise to employees not for showing up for work on time (an expected part of any job) but for showing up early.
Positive reinforcement
_______ is the use of desirable consequences to strengthen a particular behavior.
Positive reinforcement
According to the acquired needs theory, the desire to influence others is part of the need for
Power
Using threats or intimidation to persuade someone is which influence tactic?
Pressure
Which of the following is not characteristic of an external audit?
Primarily used when management suspects embezzlement
_______ perspectives are theories that try to understand the thought processes by which people decide how to act.
Process
Perception
Process of interpreting and understanding one's environment.
______ is defined by the formula of outputs divided by inputs for a specified period of time.
Productivity
Nancy's employer distributes checks at the end of each quarter, representing an equitable portion of 5 percent of the company's pretax profits for the previous period. These checks represent
Profit sharing
Americans with Disabilities Act
Prohibits discrimination against the disabled and requires organizations to reasonably accommodate an individual's disability.
At Allen and Thomas Architects, a group of designers are developing the first drawings for a proposed multiuse office development in an older section of a large city that is being revitalized. What type of work team is this group?
Project team
Carolina's manager notices that she exhibits an internal locus of control when she speaks about her work. Her manager should
Provide Incentives , such as commission or merit pay
Roger was talking to a coworker in a meeting, and he wasn't listening when his supervisor announced work assignments. This situation is an example of what type of barrier to communication?
Receiver barrier
Men's Wearhouse fired a salesperson who wasn't sharing walk-in customer traffic, and total clothing sales volume. After this, sales increased significantly, the company was doing what?
Reduced Internal Competition
Trina is outgoing, warm, and truly inspirational when she talks about where she wants to lead her division. Her employees seem eager to do anything she asks. Because of her personality and not her position, Trina has ______ power.
Referent
______ power derives from one's personal attraction.
Referent
Emily has a charismatic personality, and finds it easy to get others to agree with her. Emily has what?
Referent power
Which of the following is not one of the five stages of team development?
Reforming
____________ is the theory that attempts to explain behavior change by suggesting that behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated while behavior with negative consequences tends not to be repeated.
Reinforcement theory
To achieve psychological growth, according to the self-determination theory, people need to satisfy the three innate needs: _______, autonomy, and competence.
Relatedness
Research indicates that women tend to display more _____, while men tend to display more ______.
Relationship leadership; task leadership
In equity theory, employees are motivated to
Resolve feelings of injustice and see fairness in the rewards they expect for task performance
Anar congratulated her staff when the team received an industry award for their project, and also sent a companywide e-mail announcing it. Here, Anar is using her ______ power.
Reward
A(n) ______ form of media allows receivers to observe multiple cues, such as body language and tone of voice, and allows senders to get feedback. Face-to-face communication is an example of this form of media.
Rich
If you must tell an employee that he is facing a sexual harassment investigation, you should use a ______ of communication.
Rich medium
You have important clients in town who want to have dinner with you, but your mother has a plumbing leak and has asked you to come over and shut off the water until she can get it fixed tomorrow. You are experiencing
Role conflict
You have important clients in town who want to have dinner with you, but your mother has a plumbing leak and has asked you to come over and shut off the water until she can get it fixed tomorrow. You are experiencing A. role ambiguity. B. burnout. C. learned helplessness. D. role overload. E. role conflict
Role conflict (E)
When others' expectations exceed one's ability, ______ has occurred. A. Burnout B. Role overload C. Learned helplessness D. Role conflict E. Role ambiguity
Role overload (B)
Role Overload
Role overload occurs when others' expectations exceed one's ability. An example of a college student with a full course load, a job, and also a big social life.
Members of a team develop their ______ based on the expectations of the team, of the organization, and of themselves.
Roles
After three shuttle accidents in three months, one of which resulted in a critical injury to a driver, Citywide Shuttle drivers received additional training, and the company retrofitted all shuttles with new braking systems. Which of Maslow's needs are addressed by Citywide Shuttle's actions?
Safety
Boring, tedious jobs generally reduce people's perceptions of their
Self-Efficacy
Because she beat her goal this year by nearly 30 percent, Lori has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson. But last year when she didn't even reach her goal, she said her failure was due to the poor economy. Lori provides an example of
Self-Serving Bias
An accounting firm reimburses employees for tuition and fees if they complete job-related coursework with a B or better. The accounting firm's tuition-reimbursement policy helps its employees meet their _______ needs.
Self-actualization
Claire wanted to tell her employees about the seminar, but she put the flier in a stack of papers and forgot about it until after the deadline, so none of her employees were able to sign up for the seminar. What type of barrier has occurred in this situation?
Sender barrier
Which of the following dimensions is NOT an example of an external or secondary dimension on the diversity wheel?
Seniority
Organizational Culture
Shared set of beliefs, values, and norms that influence the way people and groups work together to achieve organizational goals.
high need for affiliation.
Sharon has excelled as an auditor for a large financial consulting firm. She loves building mutually beneficial relationships and is extremely well liked by her clients. Sharon likely has a low need for power. low need for affiliation. low need for achievement. high need for affiliation. high need for achievement.
What causes job dissatisfaction, poor mental health, and a low sense of accomplishment and personal growth.
Simplified and repetitive jobs
pay for performance
Situation in which an employee's pay is based on the results he or she achieves
pay for knowledge
Situation in which employees' pay is tied to the number of job-relevant skills they have or academic degrees they earn
In Fiedler's contingency leadership model, ________ is the amount of influence a leader has in his or her immediate work environment.
Situational control
Which of the following is a "do" when attempting to improve communication?
Smile
Among people age 18-24, the most popular social network is _______; among people aged 35-44, the most popular social network is ________.
Snapchat; LinkedIn
Which of the following statements is not true of social media?
Social media rarely reduces productivity in the workplace
Which of the following best describes ERP systems?
Software information systems that integrate all aspects of business, helping managers stay on top of the latest developments
Six Sources of Job Related Stress: Individual Task Demands
Some occupations are more stressful than others. Low-level jobs can be more stressful than high-level jobs because employees often have less control over their lives and thus have less work satisfaction.
Which of the following is a tip for writing more effectively for business purposes?
Start by stating your purpose and what you expect of the reader
minimum chain of command
States that top managers should always construct a hierarchy with the fewest levels of authority necessary to efficiently and effectively use organizational resources.
Twice daily, factory workers at Mountain CopperWorks select random samples from the production runs and test them for quality, rejecting runs if too many samples fall outside a standard range of acceptability. These workers are engaged in what?
Statistical Process Control
At Phoenix Instruments, Claudia pulls six samples an hour from an assembly line to examine them for quality defects. If she finds any, she makes adjustments to various pieces of equipment in her area. Claudia's job involves
Statistical process control
Ken, whose primary job is supervising a small production group, is not getting cooperation from all members on the cross-functional team he leads. In particular, Bethany, a senior marketing manager, seems to resist his direction and tries to influence team members to go in another direction. The source of conflict in this case may be
Status differences
Ted was hiring a new financial analyst, and he had several good candidates. He was leaning toward hiring Akiko, a Japanese American woman, because he thinks Asians are better at math. Ted is exhibiting which distortion in perception?
Stereotyping
Depak's team was not making much progress on defining a new production process. Nicole was being very uncooperative. She did not agree with Depak's direction, and she has not completed her tasks. This team is in what stage of group development?
Storming
The group development stage in which individuals test the leader's policies and assumptions as they try to determine how they fit into the power structure is the ______ stage.
Storming
_________, the second stage of team development, is characterized by the emergence of individual personalities and roles and conflicts within the group.
Storming
According to Kaplan and Norton, _______ maps are "visual representations of a company's critical objectives and the crucial relationships among them that drive organizational performance."
Strategy
______ is the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively.
Stress
______ is the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively. A. Apprehension B. Role conflict C. Role overload D. Stress E. Anxiety
Stress (D)
Six Sources of Job Related Stress: Individual Role Demands
Stress may come about because of role overload, role conflict, and role ambiguity. The stress created by others' expectations of you.
When workers perceive they are being treated fairly on the job, they are most likely to
Support organizational change
Judith supervises a call center department that receives stress-producing calls from unhappy customers. Turnover has increased by 33 percent over the last four months. Judith is understanding and patient with her staff, and tells them she knows what they're going through since it wasn't so long ago that she took those calls. According to revised path-goal theory, Judith is using a(n) ______ leadership style.
Supportive
A moderate level of conflict can induce creativity and initiative, thereby raising performance.
T
New research shows that the cubicle is not a motivational environment, stifling creativity and morale for many workers.
T
The best way to manage virtual teams is to focus on what's accomplished, not whether an employee is working from her patio or at 10 p.m.
T
Twenty-six new employees from Global Technologies Inc. are attending orientation, receiving information about company policies, and filling out various forms. These employees comprise a group.
T
A group is defined as two or more freely interacting individuals who share norms, share goals, and have a common identity. (True/False)
TRUE
When parties to a conflict have deeply rooted, opposing value systems, collaboration is inappropriate for resolving the conflict. (True/False)
TRUE
Jimmy's supervisor noticed that he was struggling with the computerized setup for production runs at his new job. The supervisor observed him while he tried it again and gave suggestions for improvement. The supervisor is doing which step of the control process?
Taking corrective action
Jamal points out during the meeting that the group has fallen a half hour behind schedule according to the agenda, and should get back to the important work at hand. He is performing a ______ role.
Task
Victoria runs a flower shop. She recently made some changes so that one employee answers phones and completes the order and payment process, while another creates arrangements, and a third packages and delivers floral arrangements. Previously, each employee was responsible for the order from the phone call through the delivery. Victoria has made changes to
Task identity
A technician who is responsible for keeping an airport's control tower's electronic equipment in working order has higher ____________ than a person wiping down cars in a carwash.
Task significance
As a maintenance person for the air force, Alex services aircraft engines, which protects the lives and safety of military personnel and increases their ability to conduct missions. Alex's job has a high level of
Task significance
"Do my subordinates perform unambiguous, easily understood tasks?" This question reflects the ______ dimension of situational control.
Task structure
Marcel supervises a group of paralegals serving the firm's lawyers. He gets along well with his employees, and he has created detailed procedures for all the types of legal document they encounter. Marcel hires and fires; he also gives work assignments, performance appraisals, and promotions. The optimal leadership style for Marcel is _____ according to the contingency model.
Task-oriented
Sammie leads a task force charged with restructuring the order-processing system in the organization. The task force is composed of her peers over whom she has little control, and some of whom do not seem to respect her. According to the contingency model, Sammie should adopt a(n) ___________ leadership style.
Task-oriented
The primary purpose of_____ ______ behaviors is to ensure that people, equipment, and other resources are used efficiently to accomplish a mission.
Task-oriented Leadership
A _______ is a small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.
Team
punishment.
Ted's manager required him to give up his company car because he had missed sales goals for four consecutive quarters. Ted's manager used negative reinforcement. punishment. feedback. Positive reinforcement. intrinsic motivation.
Imagine that you work for a life insurance company. The company is offering a new type of life insurance policy for senior citizens (people over age 65) and retirees. Keeping generational differences in mind, which of the following is the best medium for communicating with potential customers/clients?
Telephone calls
Which of the following is an example of a barrier in cross-cultural communication?
The "OK" hand symbol means "all right" or fine in the United States, but is considered an insult in parts of Europe
The source for crowdsourcing is most often
The Internet and social media
Some managers use _____, which provides four indicators with which organizations can set goals and measure performance.
The balanced scorecard
reinforcement theory
The belief that behavior reinforced by positive consequences tends to be repeated, whereas behavior reinforced by negative consequences tends not to be repeated
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one's native country, language, abilities, or behavior is superior to those of another culture.
Cognitive dissonance
The discomfort one feels when his or her attitude and behavior are incompatible
Organizational Commitment
The extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals.
Job Satisfaction
The extent to which you feel positive or negative about various aspects of your work. Their overall satisfaction depends on how they feel about several components such as work, pay, promotion, coworkers, and supervision.
Organizational Structure
The formal system of task and job reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates organizational members so that they work together to achieve organizational goals.
job characteristics model
The job design model that consists of five core job characteristics that affect three critical psychological states of an employee that in turn affect work outcomes—the employee's motivation, performance, and satisfaction
Which of the following diversity issues is true in the U.S. workforce?
The median Age of the american worker is Increasing
Which of the following diversity issues is true in the U.S. workforce? A.Unemployment among the disabled has dropped sharply since the introduction of the Americans with Disabilities Act. B. Literacy has ceased to be an issue among American workers. C. The median age of the American worker is increasing. D. White households continue to have higher median incomes than Asian ones. E. Among the top 500 U.S. companies, most currently do not yet offer domestic partner benefits for same- sex couples
The median age of the American worker is increasing (C)
Which of the following is a step in the communication process?
The message is transmitted through a medium
Glass Ceiling
The metaphor for an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from being promoted to top executive jobs.
Organizational ethics
The moral values, beliefs, and rules that establish the appropriate way for an organization and its members to deal with each other and with people outside the organization.
Which of the following is not true of e-mail?
The number of e-mail users worldwide has peaked and begun to decline
span of control
The number of subordinates who report directly to a manager
Organizational Architecture
The organizational structure, control systems culture, and human resource management systems that together determine how efficiently and effectively organizational resources are used.
extrinsic reward
The payoff, such as money, that a person receives from others for performing a particular task
sales commission
The percentage of a company's earnings as the result of a salesperson's sales that is paid to that salesperson
Which of the following is not an advisable criterion for an effective incentive plan?
The rewards require record-setting performance
stock options
The right to buy a company's stock at a future date for a discounted price
meaningfulness
The sense of "belonging to and serving something that you believe is bigger than the self"
Stressor
The source of the stress.
Six Sources of Job Related Stress: Group Demands
The stress created by coworkers. Managers can create stress for employees for employees
Six Sources of Job Related Stress: Organizational Demands
The stress created by the environment & culture. The physical environments of some jobs are great sources of stress: poultry processing, asbestos removal, coal mining, fire fighting, etc. An organizational culture that promotes high-pressure work demands on employees will fuel the stress response.
Six Sources of Job Related Stress: Nonwork Demands
The stresses created by forces outside the organizations. As anyone knows who has had to cope with money problems, divorce, support of elderly relatives, other serious nonwork concerns, the stresses outside one's work life can have a significant effect on work.
Communication is
The transfer of information and understanding from one person to another
According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a motivating factor?
The work itself
process perspectives
Theories of employee motivation concerned with the thought processes by which people decide how to act: expectancy theory, equity theory, and goal-setting theory
self-determination theory
Theory that assumes that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by three innate needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness
two factor theory
Theory that proposes that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from two different work factors—work satisfaction from so-called motivating factors and work dissatisfaction from so-called hygiene factors
acquired needs theory
Theory that states that there are three needs—achievement, affiliation, and power—that are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace
expectancy theory
Theory that suggests that people are motivated by two things: (1) how much they want something and (2) how likely they think they are to get it
Diversity Wheel: Internal Dimensions
Those human differences that exert a powerful, sustained effect throughout every stage of our lives: gender, age, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, physical abilities. These are also referred to as the primary dimensions of diversity because they are within our control for the most part. They are visible and salient in people.
relatedness
To achieve psychological growth, according to the self-determination theory, people need to satisfy the three innate needs: _______, autonomy, and competence. power affiliation safety pay relatedness
Which of the following is not a reason why group or team members typically enforce norms?
To create a written document of behavioral guidelines for new employees
The Nordstrom department store chain emphasizes the great lengths to which it goes in customer service. By enforcing its norms for exceptional customer service, Nordstrom is seeking
To emphasize the organization's important values and identity
Which of the following is not one of the Big Five personality dimensions?
Tolerance for Ambiguity
At Panther Lighting Fixtures, employees were asked how the quality of the company's customer service could best be measured, and management then implemented a survey system based on the feedback. The company has overcome which of the following barriers to success of control systems?
Too little employee participation
The ______ approach to leadership attempts to identify distinctive characteristics that account for the effectiveness of leaders.
Trait
Which of the following is not a behavioral leadership approach?
Trait
As a manager, when you provide rewards or reprimand your subordinates, you are practicing __________.
Transactional leadership
Charismatic leadership is now considered part of ______ leadership.
Transformational
Employees at Employees Credit Union were really impressed with Ryan, the new CEO. He was the first person who had fully developed a vision for the company about where it could go, and had energized everyone to try to get there. Ryan is a ______ leader.
Transformational
Steve Jobs is an example of a __________ _______; he had a vision of developing an "insanely great" desktop computer.
Transformational leader
"Joe drinks too much because he has no willpower; but I need a few drinks after work because I'm under a lot of pressure" is an example of an attribution statement.
True
A smoker who claims that the habit is not as dangerous as antismoking messages suggest, saying "My grandmother smokes and she's in her 80s," is attempting to reduce cognitive dissonance
True
A student who blames his failing test grade on unclear lectures and a poorly worded exam rather than his limited effort likely has a self-serving bias
True
Across professions, extroversion is a stronger predictor of job performance than agreeableness
True
As employees' age increases, so does their job involvement and satisfaction
True
At a working lunch with her boss and several people from other departments, Sanaa asked others about their projects and was genuinely interested in what they were trying to do. Here, Sanaa was exhibiting organizational citizenship.
True
Belittling the importance of one's inconsistent behavior is a way to reduce cognitive dissonance
True
Boredom, irritability, and nervousness can be symptoms of stress.
True
Declining literacy is a problem in the American workforce
True
Employees with low self-efficacy need lots of constructive pointers and positive feedback
True
In today's workplaces, the further up the pay scale and the higher the education level, the wider the earnings gap becomes between men and women
True
Job security and feelings of psychological safety propel engagement among employees
True
Learned helplessness is the debilitating lack of faith in one's ability to control one's environment
True
Lee has hired two new employees for her team, Jim and Judy. Jim is outgoing and attractive, while Judy is very bright but seems quiet and unsure. Lee immediately expects Jim to outperform Judy at the job. Lee is likely experiencing the halo effect.
True
Lifelong behavior patterns are dictated by values that are fairly well set by the time people are in their early teens
True
Millennials should be provided with constant feedback and recognition in the workplace
True
On Gardenswartz and Rowe's diversity wheel, internal dimensions of diversity include gender, age, and race
True
One of the four layers of diversity on Gardenswartz and Rowe's diversity wheel is labeled as organizational dimensions.
True
One of the ways to create a Pygmalion effect is to encourage employees to visualize the successful execution of tasks
True
Organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to better understanding and management of people at work
True
Organizational commitment reflects the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is dedicated to its goals
True
People with high self-esteem take more risks and handle failure better than those with low self- esteem
True
Personality is at the center of Gardenswartz and Rowe's diversity wheel
True
Self-awareness is the most essential trait of emotional intelligence
True
Sets of behaviors that people expect of occupants of a position are known as roles
True
The activity of inferring causes for observed behavior is called causal attribution
True
The affective component of an attitude consists of the feelings or emotions one has about a situation.
True
The first step of the perception process is selective attention
True
The glass ceiling is a concept that applies to both minorities and women
True
The opportunity to receive mentoring in the workplace is appealing to Millennials
True
The personality trait of conscientiousness has the strongest positive correlation with job performance
True
The proactive personality has been associated with job satisfaction and commitment to one's employer
True
The self-fulfilling prophecy describes the phenomenon in which people's expectations of themselves or others lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true
True
Those who have the Type A behavior pattern are involved in a chronic, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time.
True
Turnover is very costly for an organization in terms of recruitment and training
True
Stereotyping is a type of distortion in perception.
True (Four distortion in perceptions: 1) recency bias 2) stereotyping 3) the halo effect 4) casual attribution)
One of the Big Five personality dimensions is emotional stability
True (The Big Five personality traits are: 1) extroversion 2) conscientiousness 3) emotional stability 4) openness to experience 5) agreeableness)
________ is defined as reciprocal faith in others' intentions and behaviors.
Trust
Those who have the _________ behavior pattern are involved in a chronic, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time.
Type A
Six Sources of Job Related Stress: Demands Created by Individual Differences
Type A Behavior Pattern- meaning they are involved in chronic, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time. Type A behavior has been associated with increased performance in the work of professors, students, and life insurance brokers.
Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWB)
Types of behavior that harm employees and the organization as a whole. This may include absenteeism and tardiness, drug and alcohol abuse, and disciplinary problems.
Which of the following is the best example of bureaucratic control?
U.S. Army
Which of the following dimensions is an example of an organizational dimension on the diversity wheel?
Union Affiliation
The key to protecting digital communication systems against fraud, hackers, identity theft, and other threats is
Using prevention techniques like strong passwords
The HR manager told Jim that the company pays the total health insurance costs for a family of four. As a single man, this benefit did not seem especially important to him right now. Here, Jim is low on the ______ element of the expectancy theory.
Valence
Pat is something of a cheerleader around his team. He shares his vision and expresses his confidence in his team's ability to achieve his vision. He is quick to compliment and acknowledge team members' accomplishments, and he is enthusiastic about their successes. According to revised path-goal theory, Pat is using a(n) ______ leadership style.
Value-based
At Polar Sportswear, orders have significantly exceeded projections, and Chris, the operations director, has decided to hire for a third shift in the plant. Chris is clearly operating with the use of a(n) ______ budget.
Variable
A(n) ________ budget that can be adjusted over time for changing environmental conditions.
Variable or flexible
A manager who is instructing his employee about work tasks is communicating
Vertically
task identity.
Victoria runs a flower shop. She recently made some changes so that one employee answers phones and completes the order and payment process, while another creates arrangements, and a third packages and delivers floral arrangements. Previously, each employee was responsible for the order from the phone call through the delivery. Victoria has made changes to feedback. task significance. skill variety. autonomy. task identity.
Of the following, which medium is the richest?
Videoconference
Which medium is the richest?
Videoconference
Which of the following is a manifestation of excessive conflict in the workplace?
Violence and workplace aggression
Rita is on a team that consists of members who work together over time and distance via electronic media to combine effort and achieve common goals. Rita is on a(n)
Virtual team
Erin, a department manager, is struggling trying to lead a cross-functional team. Most members are other department managers at her level, and they see no reason to do what she asks. Here, Erin has
Weak position power
Turnover
When employees leave their jobs. Absenteeism is a precursor to this.
Under which of the following circumstances would the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance be greatest?
When large amounts of money are on the line
Under which of the following circumstances would the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance be greatest? A. When large amounts of money are on the line. B. When the individual has little control. C. When the elements seem like an inconsequential ambiguity. D. When there is little emotional investment in the situation. E. When the components of attitude have no inconsistency
When large amounts of money are on the line (A)
help workers understand and accept the goals.
When using goal-setting theory to motivate employees, managers should set goals that are easily achievable. help workers understand and accept the goals. set targets that are beyond employees' reach. set general goals that are emotionally appealing. hold employees responsible for getting feedback.
punishment
Which of the following is not part of a simple model of motivation? rewards motivation punishment behaviors unfulfilled need
The statement, "I really don't like that Samuel got so angry in that meeting," reflects the ______ component of an attitude.
affective
The statement, "I really don't like that Samuel got so angry in that meeting," reflects the ______ component of an attitude. A. behavioral B. emotion C. cognitive D. affective E. value
affective (D)
Integrating Roles
an experienced senior manager assumes responsibility for managing complex transfers between two or more divisions
The three components of ______ are affective, cognitive, and behavioral. A. value assessment B. attitude C. job satisfaction D. personality E. stress
attitude (B)
Millennials are more likely than older workers to A. be very independent. B. focus exclusively on financial rewards. C. appreciate a slower pace. D. want more hands-on guidance. E. be more patient in seeing the results of their work
be very independent (A)
Organizational ______ tries to explain and predict workplace behavior to help managers better lead and motivate others. A. behavior B. development C. culture D. strategy E. science
behavior (A)
An order-taker who has a thick accent, and someone who speaks too fast at a fast-food drive-through, are examples of ______ barriers.
communication
______ is the personality dimension that describes how achievement-oriented and persistent a person is.
conscientiousness
Absenteeism, drug and alcohol abuse, and disciplinary problems are examples of
counterproductive work behaviors
______ is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is superior to those of another culture.
ethnocentrism
job enlargement
increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation
Low self-monitors are often criticized for being ______ to others. A. insincere B. boastful C. aggressive D. unfair E. insensitive
insensitive
People with ______ exhibit less anxiety, greater motivation, and stronger expectations that effort leads to performance. A. high self-efficacy B. high self-monitoring C. internal locus of control D. high tolerance for ambiguity E. high self-esteem
inter locus of control (C)
Employees with a(n) ______ locus of control will probably resist close managerial supervision. A. high B. internal C. external D. absent E. low
internal (C)
People with ______ exhibit less anxiety, greater motivation, and stronger expectations that effort leads to performance.
internal locus of control
______ is the personality dimension that describes how intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded a person is.
openness to experience
is the personality dimension that describes how intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded a person is.
openness to experience
Melissa impressed her boss by making many suggestions for department improvements and by putting in many weekend hours to do extra tasks to develop the new procedures. Melissa is exhibiting
organizational citizenship behavior.
Miles impressed his boss by making lots of suggestions for department improvements and by putting in many weekend hours to do extra tasks to develop the new procedures. Miles is exhibiting
organizational citizenship behaviors
Employee behaviors that exceed the work-role requirements for the job are known as A. organizational citizenship behaviors. B. the halo effect. C. counterproductive work behaviors. D. self-efficacy behaviors. E. proactive behaviors
organizational citizenship behaviors (A)
Miles impressed his boss by making lots of suggestions for department improvements and by putting in many weekend hours to do extra tasks to develop the new procedures. Miles is exhibiting A. self-efficacy. B. onboarding traits. C. organizational citizenship behaviors. D. the halo effect. E. counterproductive work behaviors
organizational citizenship behaviors (C)
The extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals is called
organizational commitment
The extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals is called A. job involvement. B. job performance. C. organizational commitment. D. job satisfaction. E. job enrichment
organizational commitment (C)
Job satisfaction results in stronger ______ and lower levels of ______ A. job involvement; work-life balance. B. motivation; life satisfaction. C. organizational commitment; perceived stress. D. perceived stress; life satisfaction. E. perceived stress; absenteeism
organizational commitment; perceived stress (C)
Union affiliation is an example of an _____________ on the diversity wheel
organizational dimension
Wei is a manager of several subordinates who seem to be low in self-efficacy. In an effort to improve this, she should A. let them learn new tasks independently. B. give them simplistic jobs. C. immediately create very challenging goals for them. D. provide guided experiences and mentoring. E. avoid giving positive feedback
provide guided experiences and mentoring (D)
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to A. hire all qualified disabled persons who apply. B. reasonably accommodate an individual's disability. C. hire quotas of qualified disabled persons. D. actively solicit job applications from disabled persons. E. hire disabled persons to qualify for tax breaks.
reasonably accommodate an individual's disability (B)
Investors who are more likely to buy a stock if they see something about it in the news or if it has a high one-day return provide an example of the
recency effect.
Chris believes that he was not promoted to professor at State University because of the university's desire to promote minorities and women to achieve greater diversity at higher ranks. Chris thinks he is experiencing A. reverse discrimination. B. ethnocentrism. C. an ethical dilemma. D. diversity. E. stereotyping
reverse discrimination (A)
When others' expectations exceed one's ability, ______ has occurred.
role overload
When others' expectations exceed one's ability, ______ occurs.
role overload
Complex, challenging, and autonomous jobs tend to enhance people's perceptions of their
self-efficacy
Complex, challenging, and autonomous jobs tend to enhance people's perceptions of their A. self-efficacy. B. increased anxiety. C. tolerance for pain. D. learned helplessness. E. self-esteem
self-efficacy (A)
Belief in one's personal ability to do a task is called A. self-esteem. B. openness to experience. C. self-efficacy. D. locus of control. E. self-monitoring.
self-efficacy (C)
The extent to which people like or dislike themselves is called their A. emotional stability. B. self-esteem. C. locus of control. D. self-efficacy. E. self-monitoring
self-esteem (B)
A waiter expects a group of poorly dressed customers to be stingy tippers and gives them poor service, so he gets the result that he expects, a very small tip. This is an example of the A. halo effect. B. self-fulfilling prophecy. C. fundamental attribution bias. D. self-serving bias. E. selective perception error
self-fulfilling prophecy (B)
The ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways is known as A. self-awareness. B. self-management. C. social awareness. D. situational awareness. E. relationship management.
self-management (B)
People with high ______ are responsive to social and interpersonal cues of others. A. self-esteem B. self-monitoring C. locus of control D. self-efficacy E. agreeableness
self-monitoring (B)
Tori has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson, since she beat her goal this year by nearly 30%. But last year when she didn't even reach her goal, she said it was simply the economy. This is an example of the A. halo effect. B. self-fulfilling prophecy. C. fundamental attribution bias. D. self-serving bias. E. selective perception error.
self-serving bias (D)
staff manager
someone responsible for managing a specialist function, such as finance or marketing
The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs is called A. generalization. B. selective perception. C. a fundamental attribution error. D. stereotyping. E. the halo effect.
stereotyping (D)
job design
the division of an organization's work among its employees and the application of motivational theories to jobs to increase satisfaction and performance
instrumentality
the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the outcome desired
Skill variety(Job Characteristics Model)
the extent to which a job requires an employee to use a wide range of different skills, abilities, or knowledge.
Feedback(Job Characteristics Model)
the extent to which a worker receives clear and direct information regarding how well he or she has performed the job.
The tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to the situation the person is in is called A. the halo effect. B. a self-serving bias. C. the fundamental attribution bias. D. selective perception. E. stereotyping
the fundamental attribution bias (C)
More active when official communication is lacking
the grapevine
Extinction
weakening of behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced
Under which of the following circumstances would the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance be greatest?
when large amounts of money are on the line
Surveys show that employees are more interested in ______ rather than just earning a paycheck. A. advancement opportunity B. recognition C. benefits D. work-life balance E. status
work-life balance (D)
In general, one long meeting is preferable to several shorter meetings.
F
During the performing stage of team development, the group answers the question
"Can we do the job properly?"
Which of the following is an example of empathetic communication?
"I understand your frustration; this deadline is intense, and we're running on reduced staff."
Which of the following is a higher-level need based on the four content theory perspectives? A. Esteem B. Existence C. Hygiene D. Physiological E. Safety
A. Esteem
In the contingency leadership model, the most important component of situational control is position power.
F
Intrinsic motivation is not as long lasting as extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation has a less positive impact on task performance.
F
Jyl, a supervisor, told her employees, "The store will close Monday for inventory. All employees are expected to participate." Jyl's communication to her employees is an example of upward communication.
F
The majority of workplace learning is?
Informal
______ communication channels develop outside the organizational structure and do not follow the chain of command.
Informal
______ is designed to elicit different opinions without inciting people's personal feelings.
Programmed conflict
Onboarding
Programs help employees to integrate and transition to new jobs by making them familiar with corporate policies, procedures, culture, and politics by clarifying work-role expectations and responsibilities.
A moderate level of conflict can induce creativity and initiative, thereby raising performance. (True/False)
TRUE
Common commitment is the essence of a team, and what differentiates it from a group. (True/False)
TRUE
Conflict is a process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another. (True/False)
TRUE
Devil's advocacy is the process of assigning someone to play the role of critic to voice possible objections to a proposal. (True/False)
TRUE
Teams often enforce norms to help individuals avoid embarrassing situations. (True/False)
TRUE
The best way to manage virtual teams is to focus on what's accomplished, not whether an employee is working from her patio or at 10 p.m. (True/False)
TRUE
The majority of workplace learning is informal. (True/False)
TRUE
Twenty-six new employees from Global Technologies Inc. are attending orientation, receiving information about company policies, and filling out various forms. These employees comprise a group. (True/False)
TRUE
The five personality dimensions
1) Agreeableness 2) Extroversion 3) Conscientiousness 4) Openness to experience 5) Emotional stability
According to Festinger, how people deal with cognitive dissonance depends on three factors. Which are the correct three factors?
1) Importance 2) Control 3) Rewards
Four types of distortion in perception
1) recency 2) halo effect 3) stereotyping 4) casual attribution
Tyrone was recently promoted to manager. Although he used to take advice from his peers, he seems no longer willing to listen to any input from them or his boss, and he is determined to run the project how he thinks best. Which personal barrier to communication is Tyrone exhibiting?
An oversized ego
The question the group is asking during the forming stage of group development is A. "What's next?" B. "Why are we here?" C. "Can we do the job properly?" D. "Why are we fighting about who does what?" E. "Can we agree on roles and work as a team?"
B. "Why are we here?"
Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, they will seek to reduce
Cognitive Dissonance
Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, they will seek to reduce
Cognitive dissonance
Which of the following is not a distortion in perception?
Cognitive dissonance
Which of the following is not a distortion in perception? A. Cognitive dissonance B. Stereotyping C. Halo effect D. The recency effect E. Causal attribution
Cognitive dissonance (A)
When two parties have a conflict with a deeply rooted, opposing value system, ______ is inappropriate for resolving the conflict.
Collaboration
Goal-setting theory suggests that employees can be motivated by goals that have all of the following characteristics except
Little or no feedback
A goal that states "Attend work 80% of the time this quarter" has which of the following problems? A. It is not specific enough. B. It is not measurable. C. It does not have a target date. D. It is not challenging enough. E. It is not achievable.
D. It is not challenging enough.
One characteristic of incremental budgeting is that it
Locks managers into stable spending arrangements
Which of the following is a contingency factor in the job characteristics model? A. Autonomy B. Knowledge of actual results C. High work satisfaction D. Knowledgeable and skilled employees E. Feedback
D. Knowledgeable and skilled employees
Which of the following is a reason that some women face a glass ceiling? A. Poor goal-setting B. Inability to motivate others C. Poor financial performance D. Lack of mentors E. Inability to produce high-quality work
D. Lack of mentors
______ is at the center of the diversity wheel.
Personality
A _______ leader is one who focuses on providing increased service to others.
Servant
5 traits of Job Characteristics Model
Skill variety Task identity Task significance Autonomy Feedback
task force
A committee of managers from various functions or divisions who meet to solve a specific, mutual problem; also called ad hoc committee.
Which of the following is an example of an informational resource control?
A competition analysis
cross-functional team
A group of managers brought together from different departments to perform organizational tasks.
________ is a person's characteristic speaking patterns, such as the use of pacing, pausing, questions, and stories.
A linguistics style
Michael is frequently nervous, tense, and worried, both at work and at home. He likely scores low on which of the Big Five personality dimensions? A. Emotional stability B. Conscientiousness C. Extroversion D. Openness to experience E. Self-monitoring
A. Emotional stability
Groups that make it through storming generally do so because
A respected member other than the leader challenges the group to resolve power struggles
Burnout
A state of emotional, mental, and even physical exhaustion, expressed as listlessness, indifference, or frustration.
Which of the following is not an example of noise in the communication process in a typical classroom?
A student answering a professor's question
Which of the following is not a distortion in perception? A. Cognitive dissonance B. Stereotyping C. Halo effect D. The recency effect E. Causal attribution
A. Cognitive dissonance
Which of the following is a process perspective on motivation? A. Expectancy theory B. Job characteristics model C. Two-factor theory D. ERG theory E. Acquired needs theory
A. Expectancy theory
_____ has been associated with success for managers and salespeople. A. Extroversion B. Agreeableness C. Openness to experience D. Emotional stability E. Conscientiousness
A. Extroversion
______ is a "we feeling" that binds group members together. A. Group cohesiveness B. Groupthink C. Norming D. Social loafing E. Maintenance
A. Group cohesiveness
Which of the following dimensions is an example of a secondary dimension on the diversity wheel? A. Income B. Race C. Sexual orientation D. Physical abilities E. Age
A. Income
Mina was very aggressive at her job, and her coworkers complained that she often manipulated them and her boss in order to get ahead. She attempted to direct everything and everyone, regardless of the consequences to others or even the organization itself. Mina is expressing what type of need for power? A. Personal B. Destructive C. Legitimate D. Organizational E. Compensatory
A. Personal
Which of the following would be considered a primary dimension of diversity? A. Physical ability B. Religion C. Lifestyle D. Appearance E. Educational background
A. Physical ability
An accounting firm provides employees with educational reimbursements if they complete job-related coursework with a B or better, which helps them meet which of Maslow's levels of needs? A. Self-actualization B. Esteem C. Love D. Safety E. Physiological
A. Self-actualization
Which of the following is not a symptom of stress? A. Slurred speech B. Insomnia C. Hostility D. Alcohol abuse E. Heart attack
A. Slurred speech
______ is the process of having two people or groups play opposing roles in a debate to better understand a proposal. A. The dialectic method B. Positive conflict C. Devil's advocacy D. Groupthink E. Storming
A. The dialectic method
Under which of the following circumstances would the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance be greatest? A. When large amounts of money are on the line. B. When the individual has little control. C. When the elements seem like an inconsequential ambiguity. D. When there is little emotional investment in the situation. E. When the components of attitude have no inconsistency.
A. When large amounts of money are on the line.
During the forming stage of a group or team, the leader should A. allow people to socialize and become acquainted. B. establish permanent control. C. empower team members. D. encourage disagreement. E. work through team conflicts.
A. allow people to socialize and become acquainted.
When issues causing conflict are trivial, or when emotions are high and cooling off would be helpful, which conflict-handling style is preferable? A. avoiding B. forcing C. accommodating D. collaborating E. compromising
A. avoiding
Millennials are more likely than older workers to A. be very independent. B. focus exclusively on financial rewards. C. appreciate a slower pace. D. want more hands-on guidance. E. be more patient in seeing the results of their work.
A. be very independent.
Larry proposed the purchase of a new Epson copier to his boss. Amir said that he has always used and liked Xerox copiers, but when he thinks about it later, he realizes he does not really feel strongly about the brand of copy machine used in the office. Amir should probably adopt a(n) ______ conflict-handling style when trying to resolve this matter with Larry.
Accommodating
_____ is the conflict-handling style in which a person neglects his or her own concerns and allows the concerns of another to prevail.
Accommodating
Which of the following is one of the Big 5 personality dimensions? A. Dependability B. Tolerance for ambiguity C. Openness to change D. Agreeableness E. Openness to extremes
Agreeableness (D)
Which of the following is the most common drug of abuse? A. Marijuana B. Tranquilizers C. Prescription pain medication D. Methamphetamine E. Alcohol
Alcohol (E)
Which of the following is not one of the five sources of power?
Appearance
work-life benefits
Are employer-sponsored benefit programs or initiatives designed to help all employees balance work life with home life
Roles
Are sets of behaviors that people expect of occupants of a position
How should a manager use personality tests? A. Use graphology tests to infer personality. B. Create personality profiles of the desirable employee for different jobs. C. Experiment with various personality tests that appear on the Internet. D. Assess testing for any possible adverse impact on hiring women and minorities. E. Avoid them, as they are illegal
Assess testing for any possible adverse impact on hiring women and minorities (D)
How should a manager use personality tests?
Assess testing for any possible adverse impact on hiring women and minorities.
instrumentality; low
At his review last year, Bryan was promised a 20 percent raise if he met his production goals. Raises were included in today's paychecks, and although Bryan has met all of his goals, he received only a cost-of-living raise. In the future, Bryan's ______ will probably be ______. expectancy; high valence; low instrumentality; high instrumentality; low expectancy; low
Diversity Wheel: Personality
At the center of the diversity wheel. It is defined as the stable physical and mental characteristics responsible for a person's identity.
Which of the following is NOT a contingency factor in the job characteristics model?
Autonomy
_______ is the extent to which a job allows an employee to make decisions about scheduling different tasks and deciding how to perform them.
Autonomy
Most people from Western cultures tend to ______ when conveying bad news or negative feedback.
Avoid eye contact
Brad supervises several employees who seem to have low self-efficacy. To improve this situation, he should do all the following except
Avoid rewarding small successes
Paige missed another deadline and her boss, Linda, is very upset. She will have to explain to the client again why the project is behind. Linda thinks she may say something she'll regret if she talks to Paige about this now, so she decides to wait a while. Linda is using the ______ conflict-handling style.
Avoiding
Which of the following is the best way to manage virtual teams? A. Make sure that the majority of your team members are junior-level staffers who have no more than a year's tenure at the company. B. Check in regularly, but resist the urge to micromanage. C. Require all team members to work on the same schedule—say, Monday through Friday, from 9 a.m. until 6 p.m. D. Meet with each individual member of the team at least twice a week. E. Avoid face-to-face communication and convey information primarily through email and texts.
B. Check in regularly, but resist the urge to micromanage.
_____ is the personality dimension that describes how achievement-oriented and persistent a person is. A. Emotional stability B. Conscientiousness C. Extroversion D. Locus of control E. Self-efficacy
B. Conscientiousness
Which of the following factors is most relevant to a person's overall satisfaction with his or her job? A. Life outside of work B. Coworkers C. Locus of control D. Industry E. Self-efficacy
B. Coworkers
Which of the following is a need in Alderfer's ERG theory? A. Esteem B. Existence C. Realization D. Ruling E. Generation
B. Existence
Which of the following is one of the four layers of the diversity wheel? A. Gender B. External dimensions C. Llfestyle D. Management status E. Physical ability
B. External dimensions
Which of the following is a need-based perspective on motivation? A. Expectancy theory B. Herzberg's two-factor theory C. Job characteristics model D. Goal-setting theory E. Equity theory
B. Herzberg's two-factor theory
______ applies motivational theories to jobs to increase satisfaction and performance. A. Job enlargement B. Job design C. Job simplification D. Job development E. Job enrichment
B. Job design
______ is at the center of the diversity wheel. A. Philosophy B. Personality C. Psychometrics D. Philanthropy E. Psychology
B. Personality
________ conflict is defined as interpersonal opposition based on personal dislike, disagreement, or differing styles. For example, Sasha and Alexandra, who both work as salespeople at a local boutique, may simply not like each other. A. Competitive B. Personality C. Dysfunctional D. Communication E. Programmed
B. Personality
In which of the following conditions should constructive conflict be stimulated? A. Managers want to achieve work objectives. B. The group seems to be afflicted with inertia and apathy. C. The group is adapting to change. D. Managers are in charge of self-managed teams. E. There is a lot of internal competition.
B. The group seems to be afflicted with inertia and apathy.
According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a motivating factor? A. Pay B. The work itself C. Working conditions D. Company policy E. Supervisors
B. The work itself
Larry proposed the purchase of a new Epson copier to his boss. Amir said that he has always used and liked Xerox copiers, but when he thinks about it later, he realizes he does not really feel strongly about the brand of copy machine used in the office. Amir should probably adopt a(n) ______ conflict-handling style when trying to resolve this matter with Larry. A. avoiding B. accommodating C. compromising D. forcing E. collaborating
B. accommodating
The three components of ______ are affective, cognitive, and behavioral. A. value assessment B. attitude C. job satisfaction D. personality E. stress
B. attitude
Trust is based on _______, which in turn is based on past acts of integrity and follow-through on promises. A. cooperation B. credibility C. unity D. honesty E. cohesiveness
B. credibility
According to Deborah Tannen, men are more likely than women to
Boast about achievements
Michele manages employees at Maui Tours and Lodging. She has noticed that one of her employees submits via the computer system the same suggestions for continuous improvement multiple times, knowing that performance is evaluated on the number of suggestions only. This problem is typical of ______ control.
Bureaucratic
Which of the following is not a step in the perceptual process? A. Selective attention. B. Retrieving from memory to make judgments and decisions. C. Causal attribution. D. Interpretation and evaluation. E. Storing in memory.
C. Causal attribution.
Which of the following is not a suggested strategy for reducing unhealthy stressors in organizations? A. Rollout employee assistance programs. B. Recommend a holistic wellness approach. C. Develop a more formal structure with authoritative supervision. D. Make jobs interesting. E. Make career counseling available.
C. Develop a more formal structure with authoritative supervision.
Which of the following is not one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance? A. Change your attitude. B. Change your behavior. C. Eliminate the self-serving bias. D. Find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones. E. Belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior.
C. Eliminate the self-serving bias.
Which of the following is NOT a practice used to create a flexible workplace? A. Job sharing B. Telecommuting C. Gainsharing D. Part-time work E. Compressed workweeks
C. Gainsharing
_______ programs help employees to integrate and transition to a new job. A. Organizational citizenship B. Employee assistance C. Onboarding D. Self-efficacy E. Proactive
C. Onboarding
______ is the personality dimension that describes how intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad- minded a person is. A. Inquisitiveness B. Emotional stability C. Openness to experience D. Extroversion E. Inventiveness
C. Openness to experience
A simple model of motivation does NOT include which of the following? A. Unfulfilled need B. Behaviors C. Reactions D. Motivation E. Rewards A simple model of motivation does NOT include which of the following? A. Unfulfilled need B. Behaviors C. Reactions D. Motivation E. Rewards
C. Reactions
Which of the following is the best statement of a goal? A. Give your very best effort. B. Get through some of those reports by 9/1. C. Reduce production errors by ten percent by the end of the quarter. D. Increase customer retention. E. Be late to work less often.
C. Reduce production errors by ten percent by the end of the quarter.
_________, the second stage of team development, is characterized by the emergence of individual personalities and roles and conflicts within the group. A. Norming B. Forming C. Storming D. Performing E. Adjourning
C. Storming
Of the following which is a core job characteristic? A. Meaningfulness B. Skill specificity C. Task significance D. Teamwork E. Task variety
C. Task significance
Which of the following diversity issues is true in the U.S. workforce? A. Unemployment among the disabled has dropped sharply since the introduction of the Americans with Disabilities Act. B. Literacy has ceased to be an issue among American workers. C. The median age of the American worker is increasing. D. White households continue to have higher median incomes than Asian ones. E. Among the top 500 U.S. companies, most currently do not yet offer domestic partner benefits for same-sex couples.
C. The median age of the American worker is increasing.
________ is defined as reciprocal faith in others' intentions and behaviors. A. Cooperation B. Cohesiveness C. Trust D. Unity E. Fairness
C. Trust
Which of the following dimensions is an example of an organizational dimension on the diversity wheel? A. Income B. Work experience C. Union affiliation D. Educational background E. Physical abilities
C. Union affiliation
Self-managed teams are groups of workers who have been given ______ for their task domains. A. individual incentives B. reduced responsibility C. administrative oversight D. complete freedom E. no technology
C. administrative oversight
The ______ component of an attitude consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation. A. behavioral B. decisional C. cognitive D. affective E. factual
C. cognitive
The statement, "Spencer is slow to return phone calls," reflects the ______ component of an attitude. A. behavioral B. decisional C. cognitive D. affective E. value
C. cognitive
When using punishment, a manager should A. ignore undesirable behaviors. B. save reprimands until the end of the workday, or preferably before a weekend. C. do it in conjunction with positive reinforcement. D. make sure that other employees witness the punishment. E. punish even minor infractions, so as to appear consistent.
C. do it in conjunction with positive reinforcement.
Jake went to his boss Nadia to complain that he got the same bonus this quarter as everyone else, despite the longer hours he's been putting in and his higher level of experience and efficiency. If Nadia can't change the bonuses, she should A. tell Jake "That's just the way bonuses are given." B. suggest that Jake take this up with her boss. C. expect that Jake will reduce his hours. D. start documenting Jake's complaints for future disciplinary action. E. expect that Jake's performance will improve.
C. expect that Jake will reduce his hours.
People with ______ exhibit less anxiety, greater motivation, and stronger expectations that effort leads to performance. A. high self-efficacy B. high self-monitoring C. internal locus of control D. high tolerance for ambiguity E. high self-esteem
C. internal locus of control
The process of building into a job such motivating factors as recognition and achievement is called A. MBO. B. job design. C. job enrichment. D. job enlargement. E. horizontal loading.
C. job enrichment.
As an employee's age increases, his or her A. job involvement decreases. B. absenteeism increases. C. job satisfaction increases. D. work motivation decreases. E. organizational commitment decreases.
C. job satisfaction increases.
According to Herzberg's theory, the first thing managers of employees who dislike their jobs should do is to A. provide opportunities for achievement. B. publicly recognize good performance. C. make sure pay levels, policies and working conditions are reasonable. D. create opportunities for personal growth and advancement. E. increase employees' responsibility and opportunity for leadership.
C. make sure pay levels, policies and working conditions are reasonable.
According to Herzberg's two factor theory, in the zone between the motivating factors and the hygiene factors, employees are A. dissatisfied. B. satisfied. C. neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. D. unmotivated. E. stagnant.
C. neither satisfied nor dissatisfied.
The stage of team development during which a group sets guidelines about issues like attendance and punctuality is the ______ stage. A. forming B. storming C. norming D. adjourning E. performing
C. norming
Miles impressed his boss by making lots of suggestions for department improvements and by putting in many weekend hours to do extra tasks to develop the new procedures. Miles is exhibiting A. self-efficacy. B. onboarding traits. C. organizational citizenship behaviors. D. the halo effect. E. counterproductive work behaviors.
C. organizational citizenship behaviors.
equity theory
Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one of the following theories? Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory equity theory Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory Herzberg's two-factor theory McClelland's acquired needs theory
The approach to leadership that suggests that effective leadership behavior depends on the situation at hand is the ______ approach.
Contingency
Which of the following is one of the Big 5 personality dimensions? A. Dependability B. Tolerance for ambiguity C. Openness to change D. Agreeableness E. Openness to extremes
D. Agreeableness
How should a manager use personality tests? A. Use graphology tests to infer personality. B. Create personality profiles of the desirable employee for different jobs. C. Experiment with various personality tests that appear on the Internet. D. Assess testing for any possible adverse impact on hiring women and minorities. E. Avoid them, as they are illegal.
D. Assess testing for any possible adverse impact on hiring women and minorities.
______ is a state of emotional, mental, and even physical exhaustion, expressed as listlessness, indifference, or frustration. A. Eustress B. Distress C. Role overload D. Burnout E. Breakdown
D. Burnout
According to Festinger, which of the following factors is most relevant as people deal with the discomfort of cognitive dissonance? A. Personal ethics B. Judgment of others C. Personality differences D. Control over the situation E. Experience with decision-making
D. Control over the situation
____________ is ordering an outcome, when a manager relies on his or her formal authority and power to resolve a conflict, but the needs of the other party are largely ignored. A. Accommodating B. Compromising C. Problem solving D. Forcing E. Avoiding
D. Forcing
Which of the following is true of informal groups? A. Informal groups have appointed leaders. B. A temporary committee is an example of an informal group. C. Members of an informal group are assigned to it by the skills they possess. D. Informal groups can advance or undercut the plans of formal groups. E. Informal groups are primarily created to solve an organizational problem.
D. Informal groups can advance or undercut the plans of formal groups.
______ is the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the desired outcome. A. Expectancy B. Reinforcement C. Valence D. Instrumentality E. Effort
D. Instrumentality
Which of the following is not a symptom of stress? A. Slurred speech B. Insomnia C. Hostility D. Alcohol abuse E. Heart attack
Slurred speech (A)
______ is designed to elicit different opinions without inciting people's personal feelings. A. Groupthink B. Storming C. Social loafing D. Programmed conflict E. Dysfunctional conflict
D. Programmed conflict
After a series of bus accidents, one of which resulted in a critical injury to a driver, Apex Transportation drivers received additional training and buses were retrofitted with new braking systems. This helps to satisfy which of Maslow's needs? A. Self-actualization B. Esteem C. Love D. Safety E. Physiological
D. Safety
Brad was hiring a new financial analyst, and he had several good candidates. He was leaning towards hiring Kai, a Japanese American woman, since he thinks Asians are better at math. Brad is exhibiting which distortion in perception? A. Racism B. The recency effect C. A fundamental attribution error D. Stereotyping E. The halo effect
D. Stereotyping
_____ is the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively. A. Apprehension B. Role conflict C. Role overload D. Stress E. Anxiety
D. Stress
According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor? A. Responsibility B. Advancement C. The work itself D. Supervisors E. Recognition
D. Supervisors
Which of the following is not an advisable criterion for an effective incentive plan? A. The rewards are believable. B. The rewards are linked to performance. C. The rewards satisfy individual needs. D. The rewards require special performance, and are thus rarely obtained. E. The rewards are agreed on by the manager and employees.
D. The rewards require special performance, and are thus rarely obtained.
Groups that make it through storming generally do so because A. they develop groupthink. B. someone wins the political battle and dominates the group. C. the work gets done. D. a respected member other than the leader challenges the group to resolve power struggles. E. the focus generally is on social loafing.
D. a respected member other than the leader challenges the group to resolve power struggles.
The statement, "I really don't like that Samuel got so angry in that meeting," reflects the ______ component of an attitude. A. behavioral B. emotion C. cognitive D. affective E. value
D. affective
People with low self-esteem ______ than those who with higher self-esteem. A. handle failure better B. choose more unconventional jobs C. focus more on their strengths D. are more dependent on others E. exhibit more aggressive behavior
D. are more dependent on others
Paige missed another deadline and her boss, Linda, is very upset. She will have to explain to the client again why the project is behind. Linda thinks she may say something she'll regret if she talks to Paige about this now, so she decides to wait a while. Linda is using the ______ conflict-handling style. A. forcing B. collaborating C. compromising D. avoiding E. accommodating
D. avoiding
Maneka is on a team with Larson, and they are often in conflict. Maneka likes to begin her work with careful planning and she gets started immediately. Larson, on the other hand, likes trying out several ideas, and tends to be working frantically at the last minute. Their conflict most likely stems from A. lack of trust. B. ambiguous jurisdictions. C. communication failure. D. clash of personality, values, and attitudes. E. inconsistent goals.
D. clash of personality, values, and attitudes.
The disadvantage of the ______ conflict-handling style is that it is very time-consuming. A. avoiding B. forcing C. compromising D. collaborating E. accommodating
D. collaborating
Typically, operational control is accomplished through reports issued
Daily
______ control is an approach to organizational control that is characterized by informal and organic structural arrangements.
Decentralized
Except for in rare instances, employees at George's Pro Painting take responsibility for their own work and how it is done, rather than being governed by a rigid set of rules. George's Pro Painting is using what type of control?
Decentralized control
Which of the following is not an element of the communication model?
Decoder
When using a self-managed team, a manager should
Delegate administrative oversight of work scheduling and customer interaction
A principle of _______ is that quality should be aimed at meeting the needs and expectations of the ultimate user.
Deming management
Ryan is sitting in a seminar where a speaker is explaining the company's retirement plan options. Ryan is only 24 years old, and he thinks retirement is so far away that he doesn't think he needs to pay attention to the speaker. He starts texting his friends and updating his Facebook page; he even slumps in his chair. He has completely tuned out of the presentation. Ryan's listening style in this case is best described as
Detached
When using punishment, a manager should
Do it in conjunction with positive reinforcement
Sharon told her team that she is moving forward with a change to the bonus structure, despite vocal objections from several team members. Sharon is using the ______ conflict-handling style.
Dominating
The dean at Corbin Business College disseminated a new five-year strategic plan to department chairs. This is an example of ________ communication.
Downward
______ is the conflict-handling style in which both parties give up something to gain something. A. Avoiding B. Forcing C. Accommodating D. Collaborating E. Compromising
E. Compromising
______ represent(s) all the ways people are unlike and alike. A. Lifestyle B. Dimensions C. Background D. Conditions E. Diversity
E. Diversity
______ is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is superior to those of another culture. A. Reverse discrimination B. Stereotyping C. An ethical dilemma D. Diversity E. Ethnocentrism
E. Ethnocentrism
Which of the following best describes the graph of stress (x-axis) versus performance (y-axis)? A. Line with a positive slope B. Line with a negative slope C. A horizontal line D. U-shaped curve E. Inverted u-shaped curve
E. Inverted u-shaped curve
McClelland's need for achievement corresponds most closely to A. Herzberg's hygiene factors. B. Maslow's esteem needs. C. extrinsic rewards. D. Alderfer's relatedness needs. E. Maslow's self-actualization needs.
E. Maslow's self-actualization needs.
If a manager decreases the efficiency of labor and makes no improvements to the efficiency of capital, an increase in productivity will result.
F
The extent to which a job allows an employee to make decisions about scheduling different tasks and deciding how to perform them is called A. horizontal loading. B. skill variety. C. task identity. D. task significance. E. autonomy.
E. autonomy.
In using reinforcement, a manager should A. avoid using punishment. B. reward both desired and undesired behavior. C. give all subordinates the same rewards to insure fairness. D. save rewards for weekly or monthly celebrations. E. clearly communicate the desired behavior
E. clearly communicate the desired behavior.
Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, they will seek to reduce A. a self-fulfilling prophecy. B. fundamental attribution. C. a self-serving bias. D. causal attribution. E. cognitive dissonance.
E. cognitive dissonance.
Which of the following is not characteristic of workgroups with excessive conflict? A. dissatisfaction B. indecision C. political infighting D. lack of teamwork E. creativity
E. creativity
Sharon told her team that she is moving forward with a change to the bonus structure, despite vocal objections from several team members. Sharon is using the ______ conflict-handling style. A. avoiding B. collaborating C. compromising D. accommodating E. dominating
E. dominating
If a manager knows one of her subordinates has low self-esteem and wishes to enhance it, she should A. provide frequent reminders about improving weaknesses. B. avoid delegating work to this subordinate. C. redesign the work so that it is routine and structured. D. avoid giving feedback. E. express confidence in the employee's abilities to complete given tasks.
E. express confidence in the employee's abilities to complete given tasks.
Tracy's department at Cranston College was nearly $8,000 under budget last year due to a variety of cost-cutting measures. This year, 50% of the savings were returned to the department to spend as desired, as a form of A. pay for performance. B. pay for knowledge. C. bonus. D. profit sharing. E. gainsharing.
E. gainsharing.
The principal by-product of the norming stage of team development is A. adjournment. B. uncertainty. C. empowerment. D. conflict. E. group cohesiveness.
E. group cohesiveness.
For managers, the importance of Maslow's contribution is that he showed that workers A. are only interested in compensation that helps them fulfill physiological needs. B. are as complex as their organization. C. have needs that cannot be understood by their employer. D. expect an employer to fulfill every level of their hierarchy of needs. E. have needs beyond that of just earning a paycheck.
E. have needs beyond that of just earning a paycheck.
Administrative oversight given to self-managed teams does not typically include A. work scheduling. B. customer interaction. C. shop-floor procedures. D. customer service. E. hiring and firing.
E. hiring and firing.
goal setting theory
Employee-motivation approach that employees can be motivated by goals that are specific and challenging but achievable
voice
Employees' upward expression of challenging but constructive opinions, concerns, or ideas on work-related issues to their managers
______________ is the process of translating a message into understandable symbols or language.
Encoding
Which of the following is not a perspective of the balanced scorecard?
External processes
At the end of the fiscal year, Dilinger Investments releases an earnings report to clients. By sending the earnings reports to its clients, Dilinger Investments is communicating
Externally
The introduction to a business speech should
Get right to the point
Which of the following is a process perspective on motivation?
Goal-setting theory
For managers, the importance of Maslow's contribution is that he showed that workers
Have needs beyond that of just earning a paycheck
When using goal-setting theory to motivate employees, managers should
Help workers understand and accept the goals
Which of the following is not a financial control?
ISO 14000
________, which include acting friendly or making someone feel good or important before making a request, are influence tactics.
Ingratiating tactics
In the leader-member exchange model, the relationship between leader and follower that is characterized by mutual trust, respect, and liking is known as a(n) ________ exchange.
In-group
Organizational Dimensions:
Include management status, union affiliation, work location, seniority, work content, and division or department.
extinction.
It has been two years since any employee has received a bonus at Tech Outlet, and the possibility of getting one no longer seems to motivate employees. In this case, management has inadvertently applied intrinsic motivation. negative reinforcement. expectancy. extinction. punishment.
______ is terminology that is specific to a particular profession or group. For example, statisticians talk about t-tests, chi-square tests, confidence intervals, and normal distributions.
Jargon
According to the concept of full-range leadership, leadership behaviors can vary, from Laissez-faire leadership at one extreme, to transformational leadership at the other.
Laissez-faire
In the contingency model, if your leadership orientation does not match the situation in your workplace, Fiedler recommends that you
Move to a more suitable situation
profit sharing.
Nancy's employer distributes checks at the end of each quarter, representing an equitable portion of 5 percent of the company's pretax profits for the previous period. These checks represent a bonus. pay for performance. profit sharing. gainsharing. pay for knowledge.
Dysfunctional conflict is sometimes called ______ conflict.
Negative
______ is the process of strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative.
Negative reinforcement
Daniel teaches sixth grade at a local elementary school. He significantly increased his salary by earning a master's degree in education. Daniel's increased salary is an example of
Pay for knowledge
A sales commission is an example of a ______ compensation plan.
Pay-for-performance
José has a summer job hand-dyeing shirts that will be sold on the boardwalk. He is paid $5.00 per shirt. José is being paid on a ______ compensation plan.
Pay-for-performance
TQM's two core principles are
People and improvement orientation
Sue is very aggressive at her job, and her coworkers complain that she often manipulates them and her boss in order to get ahead. She attempts to direct everything and everyone, regardless of the consequences to others or even the organization itself. Sue is expressing what type of need for power?
Personal
______ consists of stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity.
Personality
Maslow's levels of needs, in order from lowest (most basic) to highest level, are
Physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization
David's peers were surprised when he received a promotion and suddenly became their supervisor. They thought he was rather unreliable and weren't sure he was up to the task. According to the contingency model, David has
Poor leader-member relations
The three dimensions of situational control are leader-member relations, the task structure, and
Position power
Which of the following is not an employee characteristic of relevance in path-goal theory?
Position power
Research shows that followers seek and admire leaders who create feelings of
Significance
At UPS, delivery ______ vary according to whether a route is urban, suburban, or rural in nature, because conditions vary in each type of route.
Standards
Unlike the ISO 9000 series, the ISO 14000 series identifies what?
Standards for environmental performance
Leaders manage and managers lead, but the two activities are not _______.
Synonymous
Of the following, which is not a core job characteristic?
Teamwork
______ is the process of having two people or groups play opposing roles in a debate to better understand a proposal.
The dialectic method
The motivating potential score (MPS) is calculated as part of using
The job characteristics model
Organizational Design
The process by which managers make specific organizing choices that result in a particular kind of organizational structure.
Individuals are said to be collaborating when
They are sharing information and coordinating efforts to achieve a collective outcome
Which of the following is a characteristic of transformational leaders?
They encourage people to do exceptional things with trust, commitment, and loyalty to produce significant results and change
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors
Those employees behaviors that are not directly part of employees' job descriptions--- that exceed their work-role requirement.
Compared to women, men tend to
Use emoticons to express sarcasm and banter
Which of the following is characteristic of men in the workplace, compared with women?
Using a more autocratic style
Organizations may apply trait theory by
Using personality assessments
________ are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations.
Values
A ______ budget can be adjusted over time to accommodate pertinent changes in the environment.
Variable
______ represent(s) all the ways people are unlike and alike.
diversity
The ability to cope, empathize with others, and be self-motivated is called
emotional intelligence
The ability to cope, empathize with others, and be self-motivated is called A. emotional intelligence. B. self-awareness. C. social awareness. D. self-efficacy. E. self-monitoring.
emotional intelligence (A)
A person who scores high on the ______ personality dimension is typically relaxed, secure, and unworried.
emotional stability
A(n) ______ program includes plans to help employees cope with stress, burnout, substance abuse, health problems, and family issues that influence job performance. A. holistic wellness B. employee engagement C. counterproductive behavior D. employee assistance E. self-monitoring
employee assistance (D)
______ is defined as an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work.
employee engagement
The extent to which people believe they control their own fate through their own efforts is called their
locus of control
The extent to which people believe they control their own fate through their own efforts is called their A. tolerance for ambiguity. B. locus of control. C. emotional stability. D. self-efficacy. E. self-monitoring.
locus of control (B)
Julia really doesn't like her new boss and is not happy with the new tasks she's been assigned and the long hours she's been working. Still, she truly believes in what the company is trying to accomplish. Julia has A. poor job performance. B. low job involvement. C. low organizational commitment. D. poor job enrichment. E. low job satisfaction.
low jab satisfaction (E)
punishment
the process of weakening behavior by presenting something negative or withdrawing something positive
motivation
the psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior
The tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information is called
the recency effect
The tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information is called A. the recency effect. B. a self-serving bias. C. the fundamental attribution bias. D. selective perception. E. stereotyping
the recency effect (A)
intrinsic reward
the satisfaction, such as a feeling of accomplishment, a person receives from performing a task
Hybrid structure
the structure of a large organization that has many divisions and simultaneously uses many different organizational structures
positive reinforcement
the use of positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior
valence
the value or the importance a worker assigns to a possible outcome or reward