MAN3025 Exam 3 Review

Which of the following would likely be considered an outcome in terms of equity​ theory? A. Compensation B. Effort C. Skills D. Loyalty E. Education

A. Compensation

A research study examined the relationship between the personality dimensions identified by the Big Five Model and five occupational​ categories: professionals,​ police, managers,​ salespeople, and​ semiskilled/skilled employees. Which factor predicted job performance across all occupational​ groups? A. Conscientiousness B. Agreeableness C. Openness to experience D. Emotional stability E. Extraversion

A. Conscientiousness

Chandra is a​ "people person" when it comes to managing her department. She seems to genuinely care about her​ subordinates' welfare and actively solicits their inputs in making decisions that affect them. According to the Ohio State​ studies, what type of leadership behavior does Chandra most likely​ demonstrate? A. Consideration behavior B. ​Production-oriented C. Initiating structure D. Democratic E. ​Employee-oriented

A. Consideration behavior

Meghan has always been a​ "nervous Nellie." She worries constantly about seemingly everything and is almost always tense and upset. Which personality dimension of the Big Five Model does this​ illustrate? A. Emotional stability B. Openness to experience C. Extraversion D. Conscientiousness E. Agreeableness

A. Emotional stability

A sales manager wants to establish a goal that will result in maximum motivation and superior performance for his sales staff. Which of the following would be the most effective​ goal? A. Increase sales by​ 10% during the next quarter. B. Try to improve sales. C. Increase sales during the next 6 months. D. Triple sales. E. Do your best.

A. Increase sales by​ 10% during the next quarter.

Karl tends to be an imaginative​ "big picture" person. He trusts his hunches and likes to look at possibilities rather than mundane details. Which MBTI dimension or orientation does this​ describe? A. Intuition B. Judging C. Thinking D. Extraversion E. Feeling

A. Intuition

​Gabriela, a university​ professor, likes to conduct research and publish articles in her field of​ expertise, but what she enjoys most is her time in the​ classroom, interacting with her students. She especially relishes the​ one-on-one time that she has with students during academic advising. According to the​ three-needs theory, Gabriela has a high need for​ ________. A. affiliation B. ​self-actualization C. achievement D. esteem E. power

A. affiliation

The manager who​ says, "Do it my way or hit the​ highway" is exercising​ ________ power. A. coercive B. expert C. legitimate D. referent E. reward

A. coercive

Tanya is opposed to drinking​ alcohol, but she has been offered a lucrative job with a beer company. She is tempted to take the job because the pay is nearly double what she is currently​ earning, but she feels hypocritical. Tanya is experiencing​ ________. A. cognitive dissonance B. the​ self-serving bias C. emotional intelligence D. the fundamental attribution error E. organizational commitment

A. cognitive dissonance

In response to some recent customer complaints about poor​ service, Francesca prepares a training presentation and manual for customer service representatives that outlines expected behaviors and the consequences of infractions. This best demonstrates the​ ________ function of communication. A. control B. motivation C. exchange D. information E. emotional expression

A. control

The Gallup organization has conducted polls identifying large percentages of employees who are sleepwalking through their workday and are not passionate about their work. These employees are referred to as​ ________. A. disengaged workers B. the Silent Generation C. low performers D. contingent workers E. tenured employees

A. disengaged workers

Carmen is a receptionist at a medical practice. She checks patients in for their​ appointments, schedules new​ appointments, and calls patients to remind them of their appointments. Her job has been redesigned so that she can now accept payments from patients and issue receipts. This change would best describe job​ ________. A. enlargement B. rotation C. depth D. empowerment E. enrichment

A. enlargement

Pete was reluctant to reveal the business​ unit's dismal financial​ performance, so when he was asked to report in the operations​ review, he smiled and​ stated, "Given our initial high​ expectations, results have been somewhat less than​ anticipated." This is an example of​ ________. A. filtering B. body language C. verbal intonation D. selective perception E. jargon

A. filtering

Professionals are likely to be more motivated by​ ________. A. job challenge B. time to pursue outside interests C. an 8 to 5 workday D. promotions E. money

A. job challenge

According to situational leadership theory​ (SLT), the optimal combination of task and relationship behaviors depends on the​ ________ of followers to accomplish a specific task. A. readiness B. aptitude C. experience D. training E. motivation

A. readiness

The interpersonal communication process begins with​ ________. A. the sender B. the channel C. the receiver D. feedback E. decoding

A. the sender

A leader who focuses on clarifying​ employees' roles and task expectations and then provides rewards​ and/or punishments based upon their performance would be described as a​ ________ leader. A. transactional B. charismatic C. democratic D. transformational E. ​laissez-faire

A. transactional

​________ communication flows from a manager to his or her​ employees, whereas​ ________ communication flows from the employees to management. A. ​Downward; upward B. ​Lateral; upward C. ​Diagonal; lateral D. ​Upward; downward E. ​Downward; lateral

A. ​Downward; upward

​________ refers to an​ individual's belief that he or she is capable of successfully performing a task. A. ​Self-efficacy B. ​Self-actualization C. ​Self-esteem D. ​Self-awareness E. ​Self-monitoring

A. ​Self-efficacy

According to expectancy​ theory, an​ individual's motivation depends on three variables or​ relationships: ________. A. ​expectancy, instrumentality, and valence .B. ​expectancy, incentive, and valence C. ​instrumentality, self-esteem, and safety needs D. ​esteem, locus of​ control, and valence E. ​esteem, instrumentation, and valence

A. ​expectancy, instrumentality, and valence

Emotional intelligence​ (EI) involves a​ person's ability to​ ________ and​ ________ emotional cues and information. A. ​notice; manage B. ​perceive; manipulate C. ​display; control D. ​influence; control E. ​conceal; master

A. ​notice; manage

Which personality trait in the Big Five Model would reflect the degree to which an individual is​ good-natured, cooperative, and​ trusting? A. Conscientiousness B. Agreeableness C. Extraversion D. Emotional stability E. Openness to experience

B. Agreeableness

​Reliability, predictability, and good judgment in handling situations would best describe which dimension of​ trust? A. Integrity B. Consistency C. Openness D. Loyalty E. Competence

B. Consistency

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the challenges of managing​ cross-cultural motivation? A. Managers cannot automatically assume motivation programs that work in one geographic location are going to work in others. B. Group work is likely to be more motivating when the​ country's culture scores low on the nurturing criterion. C. The most blatant​ pro-American characteristics in the motivation theories is the strong emphasis on individualism and achievement. D. Most current motivation theories were developed in the US by Americans and about Americans. E. ​Maslow's hierarchy of needs aligns with American​ culture, but may have questionable alignment with countries like Japan and Mexico.

B. Group work is likely to be more motivating when the​ country's culture scores low on the nurturing criterion.

Joe Friday on the old TV show Dragnet was famous for the​ line, "Just the​ facts, ma'am." This line would best describe which MBTI dimension or​ orientation? A. Perceiving B. Judging C. Feeling D. Intuition E. Extraversion

B. Judging

​________ communication consists of messages sent outside of the written or spoken word. A. Informal B. Nonverbal C. Lateral D. Downward E. Diagonal

B. Nonverbal

Which of the following best describes legitimate​ power? A. Power possessed by an individual because of the ability to discipline subordinates B. Power possessed by an individual because of his or her position in the organization C. Power possessed by an individual because of his or her expertise in one or more areas D. Power resulting from the​ leader's ability to reward subordinates E. Power possessed by an individual because of admiration and respect from subordinates

B. Power possessed by an individual because of his or her position in the organization

Which of the following was NOT presented as a way to become a better​ communicator? A. Develop good speaking skills B. Sharpen data processing skills C. Sharpen writing skills D. Develop good persuasion skills E. Sharpen reading skills

B. Sharpen data processing skills

What's most important to Sandra in life​ isn't money or​ status; it's being able to interact with people and have friends and family. Which level of needs would this represent in​ Maslow's hierarchy of​ needs? A. Physiological B. Social C. Safety D. ​Self-actualization E. Esteem

B. Social

​Amira's job as the director of the humane shelter is exhausting and can be heartbreaking at​ times, but she loves her job because she knows that she makes a difference in the lives of thousands of homeless animals every year. Which dimension of the job characteristics model does this​ describe? A. Skill variety B. Task significance C. Autonomy D. Task identity E. Feedback

B. Task significance

According to​ Herzberg's two-factor​ theory, which of the following would be considered a​ motivator? A. Relationship with supervisor B. The work itself C. Supervision D. Salary E. Status

B. The work itself

While Hong is on the phone with a​ supplier, she hears the chimes of her​ e-mail, alerting her to a message. While she is scanning the​ message, a colleague knocks on her door and tells her​ she's late for the staff meeting. At the same​ moment, she gets a text message from her husband. This scenario best illustrates the barrier to communication referred to as​ ________. A. faulty expression B. information overload C. selective perception D. filtering E. jargon

B. information overload

New employees at Zappos go through an intensive​ four-week training program that immerses them in company​ culture, strategy, and processes. At the end of the first​ week, the company tells the new hires that if they​ quit, Zappos will pay them for the amount of time they have worked plus up to a​ $5000 bonus. Only 2dash-​3% of people take the offer. The other​ 97% demonstrate​ ________. A. perceived organizational support B. organizational commitment C. job involvement D. assumed similarity E. organizational citizenship behavior

B. organizational commitment

Consequences that immediately follow a behavior and increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated are referred to as​ ________. A. referents B. reinforcers C. energizers D. motivators E. hygiene factors

B. reinforcers

When evaluating the most effective communication method for a​ message, a manager wants to use a method that affords the receiver the most control over when the message is dealt with. This is referred to as​ ________. A. decoding ease B. time of consumption C. confidentiality D. encoding ease E. scanability

B. time of consumption

Walt Disney​ said, "If you can dream​ it, you can do​ it." This quote best describes​ ________ leadership. A. transactional B. visionary C. ​laissez-faire D. autocratic E. charismatic

B. visionary

Of the following methods of​ communication, which has the highest​ confidentiality? A. Teleconference B. ​Face-to-face C. Bulletin board D. Publication E. Videotapes

B. ​Face-to-face

​Overall, Luciana is pleased with herself. She perceives herself as a caring​ person, a good mother to her two​ children, and a​ trustworthy, dependable employee. This would describe which of​ Luciana's personality​ traits? A. ​Self-monitoring B. ​Self-esteem C. Machiavellianism D. Resilience E. Locus of control

B. ​Self-esteem

When Angelica becomes upset with another person or​ situation, she is able to keep her impulses in check and rein in frustration or anger by taking a deep breath and counting slowly to ten before she responds. This is an example of which dimension of emotional​ intelligence? A. Empathy B. ​Self-management C. ​Self-awareness D. ​Self-motivation E. Social skills

B. ​Self-management

According to the Fiedler contingency​ model, a leader who scores 64 or above on the​ least-preferred coworker​ (LPC) questionnaire would be described as having​ a(n) ________ leadership style. A. ​achievement-oriented B. ​relationship-oriented C. democratic D. ​task-oriented E. delegating

B. ​relationship-oriented

Which of the following was the primary focus of leadership behavior​ theories? A. The creation of​ in-groups and​ out-groups by the leader B. The match between the​ leader's style and the amount of situational control C. How leaders interacted with their subordinates D. The impact of​ followers' readiness E. Characteristics possessed by effective leaders

C. How leaders interacted with their subordinate

Jadon​ doesn't believe that​ "luck happens." He believes that you make your own luck in life. Which personality trait does this​ describe? A. Machiavellianism B. Resilience C. Locus of control D. ​Self-esteem E. Emotional intelligence

C. Locus of control

When Lucinda interviewed a job candidate who was from​ Japan, she was disconcerted by his lack of eye​ contact, unaware that many Japanese are uncomfortable with direct eye contact. This demonstrates which barrier to effective​ communication? A. Information overload B. Selective perception C. National culture D. Filtering E. Faulty expression

C. National culture

According to the Fiedler contingency​ model, which contingency dimension identifies the extent to which the leader has the authority to​ reward, discipline,​ hire, and/or fire​ subordinates? A. Reward power B. Initiating structure C. Position power D. Task structure E. Coercive power

C. Position power

Samira wants to stay on her​ boss's good side because​ it's almost time for her annual performance review and merit pay increase. What form of power does​ Samira's boss​ possess? A. Referent B. Expert power C. Reward power D. Coercive power E. Information

C. Reward power

Marcus is very​ health-conscious and believes that smoking is harmful. He becomes upset when a coworker lights a cigarette after their lunch together. This represents the​ ________ component of his attitude. A. behavioral B. social C. affective D. perceptual E. cognitive

C. affective

Marcus is very​ health-conscious and believes that smoking is harmful. This represents the​ ________ component of his attitude. A. affective B. emotional C. cognitive D. behavioral E. social

C. cognitive

The process of combining tasks in order to form complete jobs is referred to as job​ ________. A. enrichment B. enlargement C. design D. scope E. depth

C. design

All of the following are elements of the interpersonal communication process EXCEPT​ ________. A. feedback B. noise C. jargon D. decoding E. encoding

C. jargon

The sales manager meets with the accounting manager in order to clarify aspects of the sales compensation program. This meeting is an example of​ ________ communication. A. downward B. diagonal C. lateral D. upward E. informal

C. lateral

Marianna voluntarily gives up her lunch hour to help her colleague who is struggling to finalize an important report. This is an example of​ ________. A. the halo effect B. social learning theory C. organizational citizenship behavior D. a​ self-serving bias E. shaping behavior

C. organizational citizenship behavior

A​ person's ________​ is/are the unique combination of​ emotional, thought, and behavioral patterns that affect how he or she reacts to situations and interacts with others. A. emotions B. resilience C. personality D. aptitudes E. attitude

C. personality

Communication is the transfer and​ ________ of meaning. A. encoding B. decoding C. understanding D. retranslation E. inference

C. understanding

Colin has always had an​ open-door policy with his staff. They consider him a friend and know that they can come to him with any problem they​ have, personal or​ work-related. Colin is unfailingly supportive and will advocate for them with upper management when needed. According to the University of Michigan​ studies, what type of leadership behavior does Colin​ demonstrate? A. Consideration behavior B. Autocratic C. ​Employee-oriented D. ​Production-oriented E. Democratic

C. ​Employee-oriented

​Sarah's team has taken on a new project. She has a lot of confidence in her​ team's ability to execute because they have many years of combined experience and are highly motivated to produce​ top-notch work. According to situational leadership theory​ (SLT), which leadership style would be most appropriate for Sarah to​ demonstrate? A. Participating B. Telling C. Autocratic D. Delegating E. Selling

D. Delegating

​_______ are​ object-specific, intense feelings. A. Attitudes B. Norms C. Values D. Emotions E. Principles

D. Emotions

Yumi is an​ outgoing, high-energy​ person, and her friends often describe her as the​ "life of the​ party." According to the Big Five​ Model, which personality trait would this​ describe? A. Openness to experience B. Agreeableness C. Emotional stability D. Extraversion E. Conscientiousness

D. Extraversion

According to the job characteristics​ model, which core job dimension directly contributes to the critical psychological state of knowledge of the actual results of the work​ activities? A. Task identity B. Skill variety C. Autonomy D. Feedback E. Task significance

D. Feedback

The CEO of a relatively small company needs to deliver some important information to employees about a proposed merger. He believes​ it's critical that everyone have the ability to communicate at the same time and in the same space so that he can address concerns and answer questions. Which of the following methods would be most​ appropriate? A. Postal mail B. Voice mail C. Fax D. Group meeting E. Memo

D. Group meeting

Jacinta picked up a prescription from the pharmacy and was confused by the instructions that​ stated, "Take two tablets PO​ BID." It​ wasn't until she questioned the pharmacist that she learned it means to take two pills by mouth twice a day. This is an example of which barrier to​ communication? A. Information overload B. Faulty expression C. Filtering D. Jargon E. Selective perception

D. Jargon

Which subordinate contingency factor identified by the​ path-goal theory describes the degree to which followers believe that they are the masters of their​ fates? A. Task structure B. Experience C. Perceived ability D. Locus of control E. Formal authority system

D. Locus of control

In order to get the edge in being promoted to a higher level management​ position, Ted spread a false rumor about a colleague. He figured that ultimately he was better for the​ job, and he was merely helping the company make the​ "right" decision. Which personality trait does this​ demonstrate? A. Locus of control B. ​Self-monitoring C. Resilience D. Machiavellianism E. Emotional intelligence

D. Machiavellianism

​Shawn's landscape company has grown significantly over the past year. Most of his workers are inexperienced and unsure of what they are expected to​ do, but eager to learn. According to situational leadership theory​ (SLT), at what stage of follower readiness are these​ workers? A. R3 B. R4 C. R5 D. R2 E. R1

D. R2

The program chair in the business administration division is retiring at the end of the​ year, but Jana has no desire to apply for the position because she knows it would mean longer hours and more administrative work for not much more money. Which aspect of expectancy theory does this best​ describe? A. ​Self-efficacy B. Instrumentality C. Enrichment D. Valence E. Expectancy

D. Valence

All of the following are active listening behaviors EXCEPT​ ________. A. showing empathy with the speaker B. nodding and displaying appropriate facial expressions C. paraphrasing what the speaker has said D. avoiding eye contact with the speaker E. asking questions of the speaker

D. avoiding eye contact with the speaker

Marcus is very​ health-conscious and believes that smoking is harmful. When a coworker lights a cigarette after​ lunch, he asks her to put out the cigarette because he​ doesn't want to be exposed to​ second-hand smoke. This represents the​ ________ component of his attitude. A. cognitive B. affective C. social D. behavioral E. perceptual

D. behavioral

A leader is defined as someone who​ ________. A. is not needed in all organizations B. has definitive behaviors that are effective across all situations C. seldom is the one who makes things happen D. can influence others and who has managerial authority E. is always formally designated by the organization to exert influence

D. can influence others and who has managerial authority

Attitudes are composed of three​ components: ________,​ affect, and behavior. A. perceptions B. feelings C. emotions D. cognition E. consensus

D. cognition

The aspect of attribution in which we determine if the behavior exhibited by a person is unusual is referred to as​ ________. A. consistency B. continuity C. consensus D. distinctiveness E. consent

D. distinctiveness

Anika is disturbed to learn that she is only receiving a​ 2% merit pay increase when her cubicle mate is receiving​ 3%. She most likely believes that​ ________ justice has not been achieved in giving out raises. A. retributive B. interactional C. restorative D. distributive E. procedural

D. distributive

An employee strongly identifies with her​ job, actively participates in​ it, and believes that her job performance is important to her​ self-worth. This is an example of​ ________. A. organizational citizenship behavior B. assumed similarity C. organizational commitment D. job involvement E. perceived organizational support

D. job involvement

According to the Fiedler contingency​ model, the three contingency dimensions that define situational control are​ ________. A. position​ power, reward​ power, and coercive power B. follower​ readiness, leaderdash-member ​relations, and position power C. initiating​ structure, task​ structure, and consideration behavior D. leaderdash-member ​relations, task​ structure, and position power E. task​ structure, leaderdash-member ​relations, and referent power

D. leaderdash-member ​relations, task​ structure, and position power

The behavior shaping method of rewarding a response by eliminating or withdrawing something unpleasant is referred to as​ ________. A. positive reinforcement B. retribution C. extinction D. negative reinforcement E. punishment

D. negative reinforcement

Drew is distracted from the​ professor's lecture because his girlfriend keeps sending him text messages about their weekend plans. This is an example of​ ________ in the communication process. A. the channel B. feedback C. decoding D. noise E. filtering

D. noise

When a student launched into a​ long-winded excuse for a late​ assignment, Professor Jensen pursed her lips and shook her head slightly. This is an example of​ ________ communication. A. informal B. verbal intonation C. lateral D. nonverbal E. downward

D. nonverbal

Raymond sent a text message to a​ colleague, telling him that​ he'd heard there was going to be a layoff the next month. His colleague quickly told his cubicle​ mate, who shared the information with a friend in the quality department. This is an example of​ ________. A. encoding B. filtering C. downward communication D. the grapevine E. upward communication

D. the grapevine

​________ leaders guide followers to accomplish established​ goals, whereas​ ________ leaders inspire followers to accomplish exceptional outcomes. A. ​Charismatic; transformational B. ​Visionary; transactional C. ​Visionary; transformational D. ​Transactional; transformational E. ​Transformational; transactional

D. ​Transactional; transformational

Which core job dimension in the job characteristics model​ (JCM) describes the degree to which a job provides substantial​ freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and determining task​ procedures? A. Feedback B. Task significance C. Task identity D. Skill variety E. Autonomy

E. Autonomy

How can managers best encourage ethical​ communications? A. Avoid a focus on how the communication will appear in the​ future; focus on the present B. Review all communications written by others C. Write all communications themselves D. Avoid being sidetracked by a consideration of why a message is being communicated E. Clearly define what is considered ethical and unethical communication

E. Clearly define what is considered ethical and unethical communication

Which theory of motivation proposes that employees compare what they get out of their jobs in relation to what they put into it and then determine if that is fair based on a comparison with​ others? A. Expectancy theory B. Hierarchy of needs theory C. ​Two-factor theory D. ​Three-needs theory E. Equity theory

E. Equity theory

Which leadership style identified by situational leadership theory​ (SLT) is characterized by a low level of task behavior and a high level of relationship​ behavior? A. Initiating B. Telling C. Delegating D. Selling E. Participating

E. Participating

Alicia is determined to finish her research paper. If that means she has to put in some late nights over the next few​ weeks, she is willing to do so because​ she's not going to give up after all the work she has already put into the paper. This willingness to continue on with the project represents which element of​ motivation? A. Autonomy B. Esteem C. Energy D. Direction E. Persistence

E. Persistence

Job​ security, health insurance​ benefits, and seniority pay would serve to fulfill which level of needs in​ Maslow's hierarchy of​ needs? A. ​Self-actualization B. Physiological C. Social D. Esteem E. Safety

E. Safety

According to the​ path-goal theory, under which of the following circumstances is a directive leadership style most​ appropriate? A. Tasks are structured​ and/or routine, and subordinates are inexperienced. B. Formal authority relationships are clearly​ established, and tasks are redundant. C. Subordinates have an internal locus of control. D. Tasks are structured​ and/or routine, and subordinates have considerable experience. E. Tasks are​ ambiguous, and subordinates are inexperienced

E. Tasks are​ ambiguous, and subordinates are inexperienced.

Of the following methods of​ communication, which would have the lowest​ scanability? A. Fax B. Memos C. Bulletin boards D. Publications E. Telephone

E. Telephone

Which of the following refers to the emphasis someone gives to words or phrases in order to convey​ meaning? A. Jargon B. Filtering C. Semantics D. Body language E. Verbal intonation

E. Verbal intonation

Once each​ quarter, Bill holds an​ all-employee meeting in the cafeteria to keep them apprised of business​ results, let them know of planned changes in the​ industry, and answer questions. This is an example of​ ________. A. an open workplace B. diagonal communication C. lateral communication D. the grapevine E. a town hall meeting

E. a town hall meeting

Gina is known to run a tight ship in her department. She sets very strict rules of conduct and expects everyone to follow them perfectly. No one in the department doubts that she is in complete charge at all times. According to the University of Iowa​ studies, Gina has​ a(n) ________ style. A. initiating structure B. democratic C. ​employee-oriented D. ​laissez-faire E. autocratic

E. autocratic

The vertical axis of the managerial grid measures​ ________, whereas the horizontal axis measures​ ________. A. production​ orientation; employee orientation B. initiating​ structure; consideration behavior C. concern for​ production; concern for people D. consideration​ behavior; initiating structure E. concern for​ people; concern for production

E. concern for​ people; concern for production

The impact of IT on the work environment has​ ________. A. created fewer opportunities for collaboration B. made it more difficult for employees to have complete information C. made it more difficult for managers to monitor individual performance D. created fewer opportunities for accessibility E. created an opportunity for a​ 24/7 environment

E. created an opportunity for a​ 24/7 environment

The manager of manufacturing consults with a customer service representative to determine the status of a shipment to a customer. This is an example of​ ________ communication. A. informal B. downward C. lateral D. upward E. diagonal

E. diagonal

Adding tasks to an existing job is referred to as job​ ________. A. empowerment B. depth C. rotation D. enrichment E. enlargement

E. enlargement

Jamal is a member service representative at a credit union. Until​ recently, his job consisted of handling​ members' deposits and withdrawals. He can now sell certificates of​ deposit, advise customers on the types and terms of available​ loans, and assist them with completing loan applicationslong dash—functions that were previously done by his team leader. This type of job design option would best be described as job​ ________. A. rotation B. enlargement C. evaluation D. specialization E. enrichment

E. enrichment

Bao is confident​ that, if he puts in a few late nights at the​ library, he'll be able to complete his research paper on time. In terms of expectancy​ theory, this is an example of​ ________. A. instrumentality B. equity C. valence D. a reinforcer E. expectancy

E. expectancy

The argument that behavior is a function of its consequences is reflected in​ ________. A. social learning theory B. the​ self-serving bias C. learning D. attribution theory E. operant conditioning

E. operant conditioning

Frank noticed that Anna missed making their monthly sales quotas at a large auto dealer. He thinks this happened because she lacks basic people​ skills, not because a competing dealership is offering attractive sales rebates. This is an example of​ ________. A. the halo effect B. shaping behavior C. stereotyping D. the​ self-serving bias E. the fundamental attribution error

E. the fundamental attribution error

Which of the following were identified by David McClelland as acquired needs that are major motives in​ work? A. ​Power, actualization, and achievement B. ​Affiliation, power, and autonomy C. ​Achievement, esteem, and power D. ​Accomplishment, power, and affiliation E. ​Achievement, power, and affiliation

E. ​Achievement, power, and affiliation

​Sun-Li called her staff into her office and​ announced, "I'm thrilled to announce that​ we've been awarded the Cinocoh account.​ I'm here if you need​ me, but I want you to take this ball and run with it. You guys know what to do and how to do​ it, and I have complete faith in your judgment and​ abilities." According to the University of Iowa​ studies, what type of leadership style has​ Sun-Li exhibited? A. ​Production-oriented B. Autocratic C. ​Employee-oriented D. Democratic E. ​Laissez-faire

E. ​Laissez-faire

According to the​ path-goal theory,​ ________ contingency factors determine the type of leader behavior required in order to maximize​ outcomes; ________ contingency factors determine how the leader behavior is interpreted. A. ​subordinate; environmental B. ​subordinate; leader C. ​internal; external D. ​leader; subordinate E. ​environmental; subordinate

E. ​environmental; subordinate

The concept of​ "in-groups" and​ "out-groups" is an integral part of which leadership​ theory? A. Transformational leadership B. Fiedler contingency model C. Situational leadership theory​ (SLT) D. Pathdash-goal theory E. Leaderdash-member exchange​ (LMX) theory

Leaderdash-member exchange​ (LMX) theory