Management: Chapter 11

Training and Development:

all attempts to improve productivity by increasing an employee's ability to perform

Performance appraisal:

an evaluation that measures employee performance against established standards in order to make decisions about promotions, compensation, training, or termination

Cafeteria-style fringe benefits:

fringe benefits that allows employees to choose the benefits they want up to a certain dollar amount

Flextime plan:

gives employees some freedom to choose which hours to work, as long as they work the required number of hours or complete their assigned tasks

Soft benefits:

help workers maintain the balance between work and family life that is often as important to hardworking employees as the nature of the job itself

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990:

requires employers to give applicants with physical or mental disabilities the same consideration for employment as people without disabilities

Skilled-based pay:

rewards the growth of both the individual and the team

Job description:

specifies the objectives of the job, the type of work, the responsibilities and duties, working conditions, and the job's relationship to the other functions

Job analysis:

study of what employees do who hold various job titles

Orientation:

the activity that initiates new employees into the organization

Accommodation:

treating people according to their specific needs

Compressed workweek

work schedule that allows an employee to work a full number of hours per week but in fewer days

Contingent workers

workers who do not have the expectation of regular, full-time employment

Job specification:

written summary of the minimal education and skills to do a particular job.

What are benefits of job sharing?

- employment opportunities for those who cannot or prefer not to work full-time - an enthusiastic and productive workforce - reduced absenteeism and tardiness - ability to schedule part-time workers into pea demand periods - retention of experienced employees who might otherwise have retired

Mentor:

a corporate manager who supervises, coaches, and guides selected lower-level employees by introducing them to the right people and generally acting as their organizational sponsor

Apprentice programs:

a trainee works alongside an experienced employee to master the skills and the procedures of a craft

External sources:

advertisement, public and private employment agencies, college placement bureaus, management consultants, internet sites, professional organizations, referrals, etc.

Online training:

demonstrates how technology is improving the efficiency of many off-the-job training programs

Reverse discrimination:

discrimination against whites or males in hiring or promoting

What does the ADA also protect individuals with disabilities from?

discrimination in public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications

Vestibule training (near-the-job training):

done in classrooms with equipment similar to that used on the job so that employees learn proper methods and safety procedures before assuming a specific job assignment

Affirmative action:

employment activities designed to "right past wrongs" by increasing opportunities for minorities and women

The Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs:

ensures that employers comply with nondiscrimination and affirmative action laws and regulations when doing business with the federal government

The Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973:

extended protection to people with any physical or mental disability

Development:

focuses on long-term abilities

Training:

focuses on short-term skills

Internal sources:

include current employees who can be transferred or promoted or who can recommend others to hire

Fringe benefits:

include sick-leave pay, vacation pay, pension plans, and health plans that provide additional compensation to employees beyond base wages

On-the-job training:

lets the employees learn by doing, or by watching others for a while and then imitating them, right at the workplace.

Job Sharing:

lets two or more part-time employees share one full-time job.

Off-the-job training:

occurs away from the workplace and consists of internal or external programs to develop any of a variety of skills or to foster personal development

Who are contingent workers?

part-time workers temporary workers seasonal workers independent contractors interns co-op students

Besides working with people. what do human resource managers do?

plan, keep records, and other administrative duties

Human Resource Management:

process of determining human resource needs and then recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, evaluating, compensating, and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals

Title VII:

prohibits discrimination in hiring, firing, compensation, apprenticeships, training, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment based on race, religion, creed, sex, or national origin.

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967:

protects individuals 40 or older from employment and workplace discrimination in hiring, firing, promotion, layoff, compensation, benefits, job assignments, and training

What does HRM include?

recruitment selection training and development motivation evaluation compensation and benefits scheduling employee-union relations career management human resource management

The Civil Rights Act of 1964:

stamp out discrimination in the workplace

What are disadvantages of job sharing?

the need to hire, train, motivate, and supervise at least twice as many people

Core time:

the period when all employees are expected to be at their job stations

Networking:

the process of establishing and maintaining contacts with key managers in your own and other organizations, and using those contacts to weave strong relationships that serve as informal development systems

Selection:

the process of gathering information and deciding who should be hired, under legal guidelines, to serve the best interests of the individual and the organization

Management development:

the process of training and educating employees to become good managers, and then monitoring the progress of their managerial skills over time.

Recruitment:

the set of activities for obtaining the right number of qualified people at the right time.

Job simulation:

the use of equipment that duplicates job conditions and tasks so that trainees can learn skills before attempting them on the job

Underemployed workers:

those who have more skills or knowledge than their current jobs require or those with part time jobs who want to work full time

What are some pay systems?

- Salary - Hourly wage or day work - Piecework system: wage based on the number of items produced rather than by the hour or day - Commission plans: pay based on some percentage of sales - Bonus plans: - Profit sharing plans: annual bonuses paid to employees based on the company's profits - Gain sharing plans: annual bonuses paid to employees based on achieving specific goals such as quality measures, customer satisfaction measures, and production targets - Stock options: right to purchase stock in the company at a specific price over a specific period

A carefully managed and competitive compensation and benefit program can accomplish what?

- attracting the kind of people the organization needs, and in sufficient numbers - providing employees with the incentives to work efficiently and productively - keeping valued employees from going to competitors or starting competing firms - maintaining a competitive position in the marketplace by keeping costs low through high productivity from a satisfied workforce - providing employees with some sense of financial security through fringe benefits such as insurance and retirement benefits

Management training programs include what?

- on the job coaching - understudy positions - job rotation - off the job courses and training

What are some fringe benefits?

- recreation facilities - company cars - country club memberships - discounted massages - special home-mortgage rates - paid and unpaid sabbaticals - day care services

What are some of the challenges and opportunities in HR?

- shortages of trained workers in growth areas (technology) - large #s of skilled & unskilled workers from declining industries - a growing % of new workers who are undereducated and unprepared for jobs in the contemporary business environment - shortages of workers in skilled trades

Training and Development include what 3 steps?

1. assessing organization needs and employee skills to determine training needs 2. designing training activities 3. evaluating the training's effectiveness

What are 6 steps for performance appraisals?

1. establishing performance standards 2. communicating those standards 3. evaluating performance 4. discussing results with employees 5. taking corrective actions 6. using the results to make decisions

What are the 6 steps of selection process?

1. obtaining complete application forms 2. Conducting initial and follow-up interviews 3. Giving employment tests 4. Conducting background investigations 5. Obtaining results from physical exams 6. Establishing trial (probationary periods)

The roles and responsibilities of HRM have evolved because of what two key factors?

1. organizations' recognition of employees as their ultimate resource 2. changes in the law that rewrote many traditional practices

What are the 5 steps in the human resource planning process?

1. preparing a human resource inventory of the organization's employees 2. Preparing a job analysis 3. Assessing future human resource demand 4. Assessing future labor supply 5. Establishing a strategic plan