Management EXAM 2
Prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of race, religion, skin, color, sex, or national origin
Civil Rights Act, Title VII
Requires continued health insurance coverage (paid by employee) following termination.
Consolidated Omnibus budget reconciliation Act (COBRA)
duplication of resources across divisions. less technical depth and specialization. poor coordination across divisions
Disadvantages of divisional structural approach
frustration and confusion from a dual chain of command. high conflict between two sides of the matrix. many meetings; more discussion than action
Disadvantages of matrix structural approach
dual loyalties and conflict. time and resources spent on meetings. unplanned decentralization
Disadvantages of team structural approach
lack of control; weak boundaries. greater demands on managers. weaker employee loyalty
Disadvantages of virtual network structural approach
requires employers to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for childbirth, adoption, or family emergencies
Family and Medical Leave Act
allows employees to switch health insurance plans when changing jobs and get the new coverage regardless of preexisting health conditions; prohibits group plans from dropping a sick employee
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Establishes mandatory safety and health standards in organizations
Occupational Safety and Health act (OSHA)
impose a fee on firms with 50 or more employees if the government subsidizes their employees' health coverage based on preexisting conditions or charging women more than men
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Prohibits discrimination based on physical or mental disability and requires that employees be informed about affirmative action plans
Vocational Rehabilitation Act
: If an OD consultant is hired to implement a _________, this activity will include meeting with employees from across the organization and often external stakeholders to have a sustained guided dialogue.
a large group intervention
_______ means incorporating processes that are appropriate for both the creative impulse and for the systematic implementation
ambidextrous
means incorporating structures and processes that are appropriate for both the creative impulse and the systematic implementation of innovations
ambidextrous approach
is an in-house training and education facility that offers broad-based learning opportunities
corporate university
refers to the generation of novel ideas that might meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization
creativity
refers to innovations in products or services that typically start small and end up completely replacing an existing product or service technology for producers and consumers
disruptive innovation
the degree to which the organizational tasks are subdivided into separate jobs
division of labor
ABC Company has 7 Research and Development centers. This would suggest a _____ structure
divisional
the stage where ideas for new products and technologies are born
exploration
often the result of failed cooperation
failed innovation
to build human capital, HRM develops strategies for the following:
finding the best people. enhancing their skills and knowledge with training programs and opportunities for personal and professional development. providing compensation and benefits that support the sharing of knowledge and appropriately reward people for their contributions to the organization
has a wide span, is horizontally dispersed, and has fewer hierarchical levels
flat structure
in ____________ _______________, activities are grouped together by common function from the bottom to the top of the organization
functional structure
Multiple departments within an organization work simultaneously to contribute to new products or technologies
horizontal linkage model
a person who sees the need for and champions productive change within the organization
idea champion
a mechanism that provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the company can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics
idea incubator
approach brings together participants from all parts of the organization to discuss problems or opportunities and plan for change
large-group intervention
Your manager has ____ when he has the right to tell you what work to do and to hold you accountable for doing it
line authority
means that people in management positions have the formal authority to direct and control immediate subordinates
line authority
the most common type of training is ______ ____ _____ ________ where an experienced employee is asked to train a new employee
on-the-job training (OJT)
_____ is the deployment of organizational resources to achieve strategic goals
organization
The characteristics of vertical structure are portrayed in the ________ __________, which is the visual representation of an organization's structure
organization chart
You would study a business's __________ to see a visual representation of its vertical structure, including the chain of command.
organization chart
_______ defines how to do it
organizing
refers to the radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, service, and speed
re-engineering
The highest level of horizontal coordination is
relational coordination
frequent, timely, problem-solving, communication carried out through [employee] relationships of shared goals, shared knowledge, and mutual respect
relational coordination
the highest level of horizontal coordination is
relational coordination
When your manager assigns you a task, you have the _______ to carry out that task as assigned
responsibility
_______ _______ refers to a clearly defined line of authority in the organization that includes all employees
scalar principle
refers to a clearly defined line of authority in the organization that includes all employees
scalar principle
one issue of growing concern is
sexual harassment
a separate, small , informal, highly autonomous, and often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas
skunk works
means learning informally from others by using social media tools
social learning
the number of employees reporting to a supervisor and determines how closely a supervisor can monitor subordinates
span of management
is narrower and includes the right to advise, recommend, and counsel in the staff specialists' are of expertise
staff authority
requires innovation requires expertise from several departments simultaneously
successful innovation
has an overall narrow span and more hierarchical levels
tall structure
Taco Bell and McDonald's are considering adding kiosks in restaurants for customers to place their orders. This __________ will hopefully make the ordering process more efficient and increase accuracy.
technology change
most frequently used approaches to changing people's mindsets
training
Sexual harassment in the workplace is a violation of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
true
many companies particularly emphasize training and development for managers, with the idea that the behavior and attitudes of managers will influence people throughout the organization and lead to culture change
true
The ____ _____ ______ means that the firm subcontracts most of its major functions to separate companies and coordinates their activists from a small organization at headquarters
virtual network structure
Strategy defines _____ to do (it) while organizing defines _____ to do (it).
what; how
The smartphone which essentially put a computer in people's pockets, is an example of ________ because it has replaced other technologies.
a disruptive innovation
Contracting out such functions as training, engineering, and computer service. This approach is consistent with a
virtual network
poor communication across functional departments. slow response to external charges; lagging innovation. decisions concentrated at the top of hierarchy creating delay
Disadvantages of functional structural approach
shows that the research, manufacturing, and sales and marketing departments within an organization simultaneously contribute to new products and technologies
horizontal linkage model
During the _____ stage of change, managers might confront employees with clear evidence that the company's current performance is not competitive.
unfreezing
_______ _____ __________ means that each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor.
unity of command
means that each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor
unity of command
innovative companies use a __________ ________, encouraging the flow of ideas from lower levels and making sure they get heard and acted upon by top exectuives
bottom-up approach
the unbroken line of authority that links all employees in an organization and shows who reports to whom
chain of command
occurs when hiring and promotion decisions are made based on criteria that are not job relevant
discrimination
For the compact disc industry, the advent of MP3 technology can be best described as which type of innovation?
disruptive
the _______ _________ occurs when departments are grouped together based on similar organizational outputs
divisional structure
______ strategy recognizes that the cutting edge of innovation often happens with young, small, entrepreneurial companies
innovation-by-acquisition
a unit separate from the rest of the organization that is responsible for developing and initiating a major innovation
new-venture team
prohibits sex differences in pay for substantially equal work
Equal Pay Act
_____ defines what to do
strategy
Organizing is important because
it follows strategy
fast response; flexibility in an unstable environment. fosters concern for customer needs. excellent coordination across functional departments
Advantages of divisional structural approach
Efficient use of resources; economies of scale in-depth skill specialization and development. Top manager direction and control
Advantages of functional structural approach
more efficient use of resources than a single hierarchy. flexibility, adaptability to a changing environment. interdisciplinary cooperation; expertise available to all divisions
Advantages of matrix structural approach
reduced barriers among departments; increased compromise. shorter response time; quicker decisions. better morale; enthusiasm from employee involvement
Advantages of team structural approach
can draw on expertise worldwide. highly flexible and responsive. reduced overhead costs
Advantages of virtual network structural approach
requires that an employer take positive steps to guarantee equal employment opportunities for people within protected groups
Affirmative action
Prohibits age discrimination and restricts mandatory retirement
Age Discrimination in employment Act
Prohibits discrimination against qualified individuals by employers on the basis of disability and demands that "reasonable accomodations" be provided
Americans with Disabilities Act
Provides for possible compensatory and punitive damages, plus traditional back pay, for cases of intentional discrimination. Shifts the burden of proof to the employer.
Civil Rights Act