Management Test 2
________ refers to gathering information about competitors that allows managers to anticipate competitors' actions rather than merely react to them. A) Competitor intelligence B) Value analysis C) Data aggregation D) Due diligence
A) Competitor intelligence
______ is a term that describes a tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or ideology. A) Prejudice B) Reasoning C) Impartiality D) Bias
D) Bias
____ refers to the social traits that are shared by a human population. A) Ancestry B) Race C) Nationality D) Ethnicity
D) Ethnicity
Which one of the following is true of the impact of formal planning on organizational performance? A) Formal planning is associated with positive financial results. B) Organizations that formally plan invariably outperform those that don't plan. C) Companies can start seeing the impact of formal planning on performance about a year after starting the planning process. D) The amount of planning done is more important to high performance than the quality of planning and implementation
A) Formal planning is associated with positive financial results.
Which one of the following is true concerning the impact of organizational culture on ethical behavior? A) An organization with low conflict tolerance encourages ethical behavior. B) An organizational culture that is high in control encourages unethical behavior. C) An organizational culture that is high in conflict tolerance encourages unethical behavior. D) An organization with strong culture can encourage either ethical or unethical behavior
D) An organization with strong culture can encourage either ethical or unethical behavior
______ is the degree to which people believe they control their own fate. A) Social responsibility B) Social obligation C) Ego strength D) Locus of control
D) Locus of control
______ is the biological heritage (including physical characteristics such as one's skin color and associated traits) that people use to identify themselves. A) Ethnicity B) Nationality C) Culture D) Race
D) Race
______ represent basic convictions about what is right and wrong. A) Beliefs B) Dogmas C) Principles D) Values
D) Values
Which of the following examples would be considered appropriate stereotyping? A) assuming red-haired people have rather nasty tempers B) bracketing working mothers as not being committed fully to their jobs C) assuming women to be particularly bad drivers D) asking someone from accounting to help with a budgeting problem
D) asking someone from accounting to help with a budgeting problem
Changes in eating habits are a ________ symptom of stress. A) financial B) psychological C) physical D) behavioral
D) behavioral
Trends observed in the shifting world population indicate that the average age of the world population in increasing. Also, the world's population aged over 80 is expected to more than double by the year 2040. Which of the following is a likely implication of such population trends? A) decreasing demands on social entitlement programs B) increasing global savings rates C) decreasing preference for white-collar occupations D) dwindling labor supply
D) dwindling labor supply
Which one of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change assumes that much of the resistance lies in misinformation? A) participation B) facilitation and support C) negotiation D) education and communication
D) education and communication
According to the ________ argument on social responsibility, businesses should be socially responsible because responsible actions are the right thing to do. A) public image B) greater good C) better environment D) ethical obligation
D) ethical obligation
________ involves defining the organization's goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate work activities. A) Logistics B) Execution C) Planning D) Operations
C) Planning
Which one of the following is a strategy for managing cultural change? A) Allow subcultures to flourish. B) Keep the same stories and rituals. C) Redesign socialization processes to align with the new values. D) Support employees who remain devoted to the old values.
C) Redesign socialization processes to align with the new values.
A standing plan is ________. A) a flexible plan that sets out general guidelines for company strategy B) a one-time plan specifically designed to meet the needs of a unique situation C) an ongoing plan that provides guidance for activities performed repeatedly D) a plan that stands in place of a preferred plan in case of the failure of the latter
C) an ongoing plan that provides guidance for activities performed repeatedly
When a firm advertises that it only uses recycled paper products, it is ________. A) meeting its social obligation B) following ISO 9000 standards C) being socially responsive D) meeting its social screening requirements
C) being socially responsive
How can managers identify the ethically questionable applicants even before they become part of the workforce? A) by performing background checks B) by favoring candidates who come with a reference from existing employees C) by including integrity testing in the selection process D) by requiring letters of recommendation
C) by including integrity testing in the selection process
In organizations, people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ________. A) change champions B) change masters C) change agents D) change generators
C) change agents
A ________ is a formal statement of an organization's primary values and the ethical rules it expects its employees to follow. A) vision statement B) mission statement C) code of ethics D) values statement
C) code of ethics
The period of time from the 1960s to 1970s focused on ________. A) making employees more aware and sensitive to the needs and differences of others B) diversity and inclusion for business success, profitability, and growth C) complying with laws and regulations through affirmative action policies and programs D) assimilating minorities and women into the corporate setting
C) complying with laws and regulations through affirmative action policies and programs
Executives at Macromix have initiated a diversity skills training program to educate employees about the importance of diversity at the workplace. Which one of the following should be the first step to be implemented in the program? A) training employees on how to work effectively in a diverse work environment B) increasing employees' sensitivity and openness to those who are different from them C) making employees aware of the assumptions and biases they may have D) teaching people specific skills on how to communicate effectively with their fellow employees
C) making employees aware of the assumptions and biases they may have
When supermarkets and other retailers use scanners that provide instant inventory information, they are adopting ________ changes. A) efficiency B) structural C) technological D) people
C) technological
If Google asks 25 members of its executive team to spend a full day during their annual team-building retreat building a house in Las Vegas with Habitat for Humanity, the executives would be engaging in employee ________. A) whistle-blowing efforts B) administering efforts C) volunteering efforts D) entrepreneuring efforts
C) volunteering efforts
The ways in which people in an organization are different from and similar to one another is known as ________. A) work culture B) organizational democracy C) workplace diversity D) business etiquette
C) workplace diversity
Which one of the following is an example of workplace discrimination in the form of exclusion? A) Many women in finance claim they are assigned to marginal job roles or are given light workloads that don't lead to promotion. B) Older workers may be targeted for layoffs because they are highly paid and have lucrative benefits. C) Female lawyers note that male attorneys frequently cut them off or do not adequately address their comments. D) African American employees at some companies have found racist graffiti in their work areas
A) Many women in finance claim they are assigned to marginal job roles or are given light workloads that don't lead to promotion.
A ________ is an individual or organization who seeks out opportunities to improve society by using practical, innovative, and sustainable approaches. A) social entrepreneur B) whistle-blower C) philanthropist D) sustainability contractor
A) social entrepreneur
In ________, goals set by top managers flow down through the organization and become subgoals for each organizational area. A) traditional planning B) traditional goal setting C) management by observation D) management by objectives
B) traditional goal setting
Which one of the following statements is true of employing disabled employees? A) Workers with disabilities lack job skills and experience necessary to perform as well as their abled counterparts. B) A person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the same obligations and rights as far as job performance. C) Hiring people with disabilities leads to higher employment costs and lower profit margins. D) Employees with disabilities are exempt from potential disciplinary action, and there are high costs associated with accommodating disabled employees
B) A person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the same obligations and rights as far as job performance.
Which one of the following reflects the way goals are used in an MBO program? A) Goals are used to broadly set the direction subject to encourage interpretation by individual managers. B) Apart from being used to ensure that employees are doing what they are supposed to be doing, goals are used as a motivating tool for employees. C) Goals are used to compare organizational performance year over year. D) Goals are used to prepare financial budgets for each unit.
B) Apart from being used to ensure that employees are doing what they are supposed to be doing, goals are used as a motivating tool for employees.
_____ measures the strength of a person's convictions. A) Locus of control B) Ego strength C) Social desirability D) Moral development
B) Ego strength
______ creates expectations that may be hard to reconcile or satisfy. A) Role ambiguity B) Role conflict C) Role demand D) Role overload
B) Role conflict
If top management set a goal that each store in the company should have sales equal to or greater than $100 per square foot per day, this would be an example of ________. A) a directional plan B) a financial goal C) a strategic goal D) a strategic plan
B) a financial goal
Ang Li has found it rather hard to move up in her managerial career at her workplace especially when compared to how fellow graduate from Tri-Valley, Adam Watson, has managed to become the regional manager of sales in the company. This suggests the presence of ________ in Li's organization. A) stereotyping B) a glass ceiling C) goldbricking D) a self-serving bias
B) a glass ceiling
A manager's analysis of the external environment can be improved by ________, which involves screening information to detect emerging trends. A) critical path analysis B) environmental scanning C) social screening D) environmental activism
B) environmental scanning
Organizations need change because ________. A) employees get bored with the status quo B) external and internal factors create the forces for change C) the environment is stable D) the future is unpredictable
B) external and internal factors create the forces for change
Which one of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change includes employee counseling, therapy, new skills training, or a short paid leave of absence. A) manipulation and co-optation B) facilitation and support C) coercion D) negotiation
B) facilitation and support
Which of the following is an example of a cultural variable that fosters innovation? A) low specialization B) low external controls C) high job security D) abundant resources
B) low external controls
Short-term plans are those covering ________ or less. A) five years B) one year C) six months D) three years
B) one year
A good mentor will ________. A) groom the protégé for higher-level positions with the firm B) provide constructive criticism to the protégé C) introduce the protégé to influential managers within the firm D) promote the protégé for assignments outside the protégé's regular duties
B) provide constructive criticism to the protégé
When the Pinto cars made by Ford were increasingly involved in fatal rear-crash accidents, Ford officials made a decision to discontinue that model. Their decision was a(n) ________ change. A) proactive B) reactive C) retroactive D) inactive
B) reactive
When uncertainty is high, plans should be ________ and ________. A) directional; standing B) specific; flexible C) short-term; directional D) general; informal
B) specific; flexible
Goals are different from plans because ________. A) goals identify specific steps that the organization needs to achieve, and plans identify the overall mission of the organization B) goals are important only for small companies, and plans are important only for large companies C) goals describe financial objectives, and plans describe objectives related to social responsibility D) goals are desired outcomes, and plans describe how those outcomes will be accomplished
D) goals are desired outcomes, and plans describe how those outcomes will be accomplished
Under what approach do organizations exhibit little environmental sensitivity, and simply obey laws, rules and regulations? A) stakeholder approach B) activist approach C) market approach D) legal approach
D) legal approach
Organizational change is any alteration of ________. A) structure, management, or goals B) technology, goals, or management C) rules, procedures, or management D) people, structure, or technology
D) people, structure, or technology
Norman is a stickler for following the rules because he is sure he will be caught and punished if he doesn't. What is Norman's level of moral development? A) principled B) post-conventional C) conventional D) preconventional
D) preconventional
An organization's ________ goals are official statements of what an organization says, and what it wants its stakeholders to believe its goals are. A) implicit B) real C) authentic D) stated
D) stated
According to Kurt Lewin, increasing the driving forces is a means of ________. A) restraining B) changing C) refreezing D) unfreezing
D) unfreezing
Employees who raise ethical concerns or issues in an organization are known as ________. A) philanthropist B) entrepreneurs C) employee-volunteers D) whistle-blowers
D) whistle-blowers
In the ________ metaphor, change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual process. A) water over the dam B) calm waters C) smooth water D) white-water rapids
D) white-water rapids
