Resource and demand balancing

How is the reactive output of a generator increased A. By raising the excitation B. By reducing the excitation C. By adjusting the frequency D. By increasing the MW output

A. By raising the excitation

Of the following system elements, which has the least impact on the system's area control error? A. Changes in the generator MVAR output B. Changes in system load C. Changes in generator MW output D. Changes in the interconnection frequency

A. Changes in the generator MVAR output

Which one of the following is a function of excitation control systems? A. Control the generators terminal voltage as well as its reactive output B. Adjust the fuel supply and airflow to the boiler to match the actual and anticipated requirements for steam pressure C. Adjust the speed of the shaft by adjusting the amount of steam supplied to the turbine D. Control the steam flow from the boiler to the turbine

A. Control the generators terminal voltage as well as its reactive output

Which of the following performance measures provides the best indication that the balancing authority is maintaining an adequate amount of contingency reserves A. DCS B. CPS1 C. CPS2 D. BAAL

A. DCS

The system operator can obtain voltage support from generating units by requesting them to increase their A. Generator excitation B. Ramp rate C. MW output D. Frequency response characteristics

A. Generator excitation

In order for a generator to qualify as regulating reserve it must have which of the following characteristics A. Generator must be synchronized and it's governor not blocked B. Generator must be off-line and available in 10 minutes C. Generator must be synchronized and it's governor blocked D. Generator must be at least 100 MW and synchronized to the system

A. Generator must be synchronized and its governor not blocked

Dry steam plants, flash steam plants, and binary cycle power plants are the three main types of what kind of generating plant? A. Geothermal generators B. Nuclear generators C. Combustion turbine generators D. Hydroelectric generators

A. Geothermal generators

If a balancing areas ACE is indicating negative what control action should the operator initiate to get it's ACE back to zero A. Increase generation MW B. Decrease generation MW C. Increase generation MVAR D. Decrease generation MVAR

A. Increase generation MW

Today's weather is sunny and 86°F in the system load is 5400 MW tomorrow's weather is forecasted to be sunny and 92°F what would be the expected impact on the forecasted load A. Load will be greater than 5400 MW B. Load will be less than 5400 MW C. Load will be the same 5400 MW D. Load will be less than 4500 MW

A. Load will be greater than 5400 MW

Which type of solar technology converts electromagnetic energy in sunlight directly into direct current A. Photovoltaic B. Concentrating solar thermal C. Solar DC inverter D. Solar batteries

A. Photovoltaic

According to NERC standards which of the following entities can request the time monitor to terminate a time error correction A. Reliability coordinators B. Transmission owners C. Generation owners D. NERC

A. Reliability coordinators

What is the typical reason for unit cycling constraints? A. Thermal stress B. Friction C. Voltage problems D. Manpower cost

A. Thermal stress

What is the purpose of the generator reactive capability curve A. To identify the safe thermal loading limits B. To minimize capacitor switching in the area C. To modify the unit ramp rates D. To show when the AVR is placed in automatic

A. To identify the safe thermal loading limits

Which of the following elements is not needed for the calculation of ACE when operating in the Tieline bias mode of operation A. Voltages B. Frequency C. Interchange D. Meter error bias

A. Voltages

When a time error correction is implemented, the scheduled system frequency is offset by how many hertz? A. .01 B. .02 C. .05 D. .2

B. .02

If a balancing area has a scheduled interchange of 300 MW that started on the hour what would be the hourly integrated value if the transactions were curtailed on the half hour A. 100 MWHR B. 150 MWHR C. 200 MWHR D. 300 MWHR

B. 150 MWHR

If a BAs frequency bias is 80 MW/.1 Hz, what would be the impact on the areas ACE if the system frequency dropped to 59.97 Hz A. 8 MW B. 24 MW C. 40 MW D. 80 MW

B. 24 MW

What would be the impact on a BAs ACE if the frequency bias is 250/.1 Hz and a time error correction were started? A. 25 MW B. 50 MW C. 125 MW D. 250 MW

B. 50 MW

A units gross generation is 520 MW the auxiliary power requirements of the station amount to 18 MW what is the units net generation A. 18 MW B. 502 MW C. 520 MW D. 538 MW

B. 502 MW

If the interconnection time monitor initiates a time error correction for a fast clock which of the following frequency schedules would be entered into your control program A. 59.80 Hz B. 59.98 Hz C. 60.22 Hz D. 60.02 Hz

B. 59.98 Hz

Data required for the calculation of ACE is acquired on which of the following time intervals? A. 4 seconds B. 6 seconds C. 8 seconds D. 10 seconds

B. 6 seconds

Which of the following would be a suitable use for a pseudo-tie A. To offset the ATC by 10% B. Accounting for jointly owned generators C. Calculation of CBM D. Replace a transducer for metering

B. Accounting for jointly owned generators

What would be the most likely event if the frequency in your BA area declines and the interchange out of your area increased A. An internal generator tripped B. An external generator tripped C. Internal load was lost D. External load was lost

B. An external generator tripped

Each BA area or reserve sharing group must review its contingencies on a ____ basis A. Quarterly B. Annual C. As required by NERC D. Semi annually

B. Annual

Which of the following instances is it acceptable to increase your areas inadvertent accumulation A. Prevent starting high cost generation B. Assist in maintaining system frequency C. Reduce your systems peak load D. Carry your system over the peak

B. Assist in maintaining system frequency

Which of the following is not a function of combustion control systems A. Sense steam pressure in the boiler B. Control the reactive output of generating units C. Adjust the fuel supply and airflow to the boiler to match the actual and anticipated requirements for steam pressure D. Sense the steam flow to the turbine

B. Control the reactive output of generating units

If you are operating in tie line bias control and your EMS system loses its frequency signal what mode of operation should you switch to? A. Frequency bias B. Flat tie line C. Flat frequency D. Maintain current operating mode

B. Flat tie line

If your system experiences the loss of 2000 MW of generation that has caused the frequency to decline and you have shed 300 MW of load to stop the frequency from declining, what should you do if the frequency will not come above 59.94 Hz A. Restore the load and wait for RC direction B. Implement additional corrective actions to restore frequency C. Wait until the system load drops off and monitor the system frequency D. Request that the region perform a frequency decay analysis

B. Implement additional corrective actions to restore frequency

If an interchange transaction schedule has been confirmed by all parties involved in the transaction what is the system operators next step A. Verify the schedule a second time B. Implement the schedule C. Obtain approval from all parties involved D. Cancel the schedule

B. Implement the schedule

When a BA fails to meet the DCS compliance criteria what is the penalty that is imposed on the BA A. Increase its regulation requirement B. Increase its contingency reserve obligation C. Reduce its maximum generator output D. Lower its load serving capability

B. Increase its contingency reserve obligation

If system frequency drops but remains above the under frequency relay settings, what would be the impact on system load? A. There is no impact B. Load would also drop C. Load would probably increase D. Load would oscillate

B. Load would also drop

Why are low pressure steam turbines generally larger than high-pressure turbines A. Low pressure steam is more dense and requires less volume than high-pressure steam B. Low pressure steam is less dense and requires more volume than high-pressure steam C. Low pressure steam stores more energy and requires more volume than high-pressure steam D. Low pressure steam stores less energy and requires more volume than high-pressure steam

B. Low pressure steam is less dense and requires more volume than high-pressure steam

Which of the following types of generation resources would utilize a process of fission or fusion? A. Geothermal generators B. Nuclear generators C. Combustion turbine generators D. Hydroelectric generators

B. Nuclear generators

Which of the following types of fuels are used by combustion turbines A. Coal, oil B. Oil, gas C. Gas, coal D. Nuclear, gas

B. Oil, gas

If a balancing areas ACE is currently indicating -65 MW what should the AGC be doing A. Pulsing generators down B. Pulsing generators up C. Nothing since the ACE within the L 10 D. Starting all Quickstart generation

B. Pulsing generators up

Which of the following entities are the only ones allowed to act as an interconnection time monitor A. RTO's B. RCs C. Regional reliability organizations D. Market monitoring groups

B. RC's

You are operating in the balancing authority function and at 1200 midnight you receive an updated weather forecast that has raised the forecasted high temperature for the day from 90°F to 95°F what should you as a system operator do A. Pass the information onto your dayshift relief B. Re-evaluate the load forecast and system scheduling C. Pass the weather forecast on to the transmission operator D. Wait until you receive the 0400 weather forecast before doing anything

B. Re-evaluate the load forecast and system scheduling

Which of the following entities have the authority to share interchange transaction information amongst themselves A. Marketers from different companies B. Reliability coordinators C. Purchasing selling entities D. Generation operators

B. Reliability coordinators

If a synchronous condenser is over excited, what is its relationship with regards to reactive power A. Absorbs reactive power B. Supplies reactive power C. Neither absorbs nor supplies reactive power D. Supplies and absorbs reactive power at the same time

B. Supplies reactive power

What is the initial response to a drop in frequency due to the loss of a 1000 MW generator? A. Load dump B. System inertia C. Operator intervention D. AGC

B. System inertia

During the restoration of your system, what are the two major elements that you should be aware of in order to maintain good frequency control (controlling towards 60 Hz) of your system? A. Interchange in and out of your system B. System load and generator output C. Interchange schedules and inadvertent D. Under frequency and out of step relay protection

B. System load and generator output

You are operating on a hot summer day when the system is near record loads, you receive a report that severe thunderstorms and rain are coming into your area, if the heavy rain occurs, what would be the expected impact on your system load? A. System load should increase B. System load should decrease C. System load should remain unchanged D. System load would remain the same, but voltages would drop

B. System load should decrease

When a balancing authority experiences the loss of generation they can utilize the interconnections frequency bias contribution until A. Economical generation can be started B. System reserves can be loaded C. Their peak is over D. They wish to start and load generation

B. System reserves can be loaded

When an event occurs that causes a system frequency excursion which party is responsible for returning frequency to normal A. All balancing authorities in the interconnection B. The balancing authority who caused the excursion C. The reliability coordinator D. All generator operators

B. The balancing authority who caused the excursion

NERC requires that each BA verifies and agrees with its neighboring BA at least once a day for the _____ A. Unused transmission rights B. Total scheduled and actual interchange C. Voltage schedules in the bordering areas D. Interchange schedules impacted by special protection schemes

B. Total scheduled and actual interchange

What are the two most important pieces of information necessary for performing the next days load forecast A. Current weather and yesterday's load curve B. Weather forecast and past load patterns C. Weather forecast and monthly average temperatures D. Weather forecast in current day generation schedules

B. Weather forecast and past load patterns

ACME BA Area's ACE is operating at zero. It's frequency bias setting is 500 MW/.1 Hz and the system frequency is 60 Hz. If another BA in the interconnection loses a generator which causes the frequency to drop to 59.97 Hz what will ACME BA area's frequency bias response be to the frequency excursion? A. 50 MW B. 100 MW C. 150 MW D. 200 MW

C. 150 MW

If a BA's ACE is on zero and as a result of the implementation of a time error correction the ACE now indicates under generation of 40 MW what is the BAs frequency bias setting A. 40 MW B. 100 MW C. 200 MW D. 400 MW

C. 200 MW

If a turbine governor control is set to provide full movement of turbine valves for a 3 Hz change in frequency what is the droop setting on the governor A. 0% B. 3% C. 5% D. 10%

C. 5%

For security reasons, to mitigate a SOL/IROL violation, the tag must be submitted within _____ minutes after the transaction has been implemented which is part of an energy sharing agreement A. 2 B. 35 C. 60 D. 90

C. 60

An appropriate use of a pseudo-tie is to A. Offset meter error B. Determine ATC C. Account for joint owned generation D. Pay back inadvertent

C. Account for joint owned generation

Who is responsible for assessing the transaction start and end time, energy profile, and scheduling path on a tag A. Transmission providers B. Purchase selling entities C. Balancing authority D. Reliability coordinators

C. Balancing authority

Each balancing area must ensure that there are enough contingency reserves maintained to A. Handle their two worst contingencies B. Cover 150% of the regulation requirements C. Cover the most severe single contingency D. Recover from multiple contingencies

C. Cover the most severe single contingency

Each BA is required to have enough operating reserves to meet which of the following A. 150% of regulation requirement B. Loss of multiple contingencies C. Disturbance control standard D. Regional black start margin

C. Disturbance control standard

What mode of operation should A BA switch to if all of its Tieline telemetry were lost A. Tieline bias B. Flat tie C. Flat frequency D. Frequency excursion

C. Flat frequency

Which of the following actions is not appropriate for an operator to take when a time correction has been issued A. Enter the new schedule frequency into the control program B. Log the time error correction C. Ignore the correction D. Control the system for the new frequency

C. Ignore the correction

Which of the following types of wind generators have the ability to adjust the pitch of the rotor blades A. Passive stall controlled wind turbines B. Active stall controlled wind turbines C. Pitch controlled wind turbines D. Blade adjustable wind turbines

C. Pitch controlled wind turbines

BAs and ____ are responsible for tagged transactions and shall have facilities to receive unsolicited notification from the interchange coordinator A. Load serving entities B. Reliability authorities C. Purchase selling entities D. IDC

C. Purchase selling entities

What type of reserve must an operator maintain in order for the balancing area to meet the normal load fluctuations that occur A. Dynamic B. Contingency C. Regulating D. Operating

C. Regulating

Who is responsible for the tagging of all bilateral inadvertent interchange payback A. Sink purchasing selling entity B. Source purchasing selling entity C. Sink balancing authority D. Source balancing authority

C. Sink balancing authority

In order for a generator to qualify as spinning reserve it must be A. Larger than 25 MW B. A non-nuclear facility C. Synchronized to the system D. Able to attain its full output within 15 minutes

C. Synchronized to the system

In the ACE equation B represents which of the following A. A percentage of your companies estimated annual peak load B. The percentage of generation available in fast start turbines C. The frequency bias setting (MW/0.1 Hz) for the balancing authority D. A percentage of your most severe single contingency

C. The frequency bias setting (MW/0.1 Hz) for the balancing authority

Each BA shall operate it's AGC on ____, unless such operation is adverse to system or interconnection reliability A. Constant frequency B. Net interchange C. Tieline frequency bias D. Manual

C. Tieline frequency bias

Which mode of operation is most desirable for operating the balancing area AGC system A. Flat or constant frequency B. Manual C. Tieline frequency bias D. Flat or constant Tieline

C. Tieline frequency bias

A BA's accumulated inadvertent is required to be accounted for on all of the following basis except A. Hourly B. Daily C. Weekly D. Monthly

C. Weekly

you are BA area A, with two tie lines to BA area B and three tie lines to BA area C. The lines between BA area A and BA area B are loaded with interchange transactions as follows +150 and -100. The lines with BA area C are loaded with interchange transactions as follows +200, -150, and +125. What is the net interchange for BA area A A. +175 B. -225 C. -175 D. +225

D. +225

NERC standards require that a BA have enough reserves on the system to meet which of the following performance standards 1. DCS 2. AIR 3. CPS 4. BAAL A. 1,2,&4 B. 1,2,&3 C. 2,3,&4 D. 1,3,&4

D. 1,3,&4

What is the speed of rotation N (in RPM) of a six pole generator that is connected to a 60 Hz system A. 12 rpm B. 20 rpm C. 720 rpm D. 1200 rpm

D. 1200 rpm

If a BA has an on peak inadvertent accumulation of -350 MW, which of the following entities could a bilateral payback be arranged with A. Area A with an on peak inadvertent of -400 MW B. Area B with an off-peak inadvertent of +300 MW C. Area C with an off-peak inadvertent of -500 MW D. Area D with an on peak inadvertent of +250 MW

D. Area D with an on peak inadvertent of +250 MW

At such times, when a loss of generation necessitates curtailing interchange transactions, the _____ is responsible for initiating the curtailment A. Generation providing entity B. Generation owner C. Purchase selling entity D. Balancing authority

D. Balancing authority

Which of the NERC performance standards provide the best indicator that the BA is maintaining the appropriate amount of contingency reserves on the system? A. CPS1 B. BAAL C. System response surveys D. DCS

D. DCS

You are working in the balancing authority function when your EMS system has lost its frequency source which mode of operation is most desirable for operating the balancing area AGC system A. Flat or constant frequency B. Manual C. Tieline frequency bias D. Flat or constant Tieline

D. Flat or constant Tieline

Which of the following would be the least helpful for performing a load forecast? A. Temperature B. Wind C. Humidity D. Forced outages

D. Forced outages

What would be the most likely event if the BAs frequency dropped and the Tieline flows indicate an increase in MW leaving the area A. Loss of internal load B. Loss of load outside the area C. Internal generator tripped D. Generator outside the area tripped

D. Generator outside the area tripped

All of the following are appropriate actions for an operator to take when a time correction has been issued except A. Enter new scheduled frequency into control system B. Start time error correction at designated time C. Log the time correction D. Have plant operators adjust governor output manually

D. Have plant operators adjust governor output manually

Which types of generators would a pseudo-tie be typically used for A. Nuclear units B. Remote generators C. Hydro facilities D. Joint owned generators

D. Joint owned generators

Who is responsible to submit a request for interchange if they use point to point transmission service for Intra balancing authority area transfers A. Balancing authority B. Transmission service provider C. Generation operator D. Load serving entity

D. Load serving entity

The BA shall verify and assess all of the following for interchange transactions except A. Transaction start time B. Scheduling path C. Energy profile D. Loss accounting

D. Loss accounting

For an interchange schedule agreement, the source BA and sink BA shall agree with each other on all the following except A. Energy profile B. Interchange schedule start and end time C. Ramp start time and rate D. Market implications

D. Market implications

Which of the following types of units are normally operated as baseload units? A. Nuclear units and combustion turbines B. Nuclear units and Hydro units C. Fossil units (coal, oil, and gas) D. Nuclear units and coal units

D. Nuclear units and coal units

In the event that a system loses a 1000 MW generator, which of the following would provide the most help in restoring the system frequency to its pre-disturbance condition A. System inertia B. Governor response C. Load rejection D. Operator intervention

D. Operator intervention

During a system emergency, the BA and TOP shall immediately take action to restore the _____ power balance A. Static and dynamic B. Scheduled and actual C. Generation and interchange D. Real and reactive

D. Real and reactive

Which one of the following is not a function of governor control systems A. Control the steam flow from the boiler to the turbine stages B. Adjust generator MW output automatically in response to frequency deviations C. Adjust the speed of the shaft by adjusting the amount of steam applied to the turbine D. Sense steam pressure in the boiler as well as the steam flow to the turbine

D. Sense steam pressure in the boiler as well as the steam flow to the turbine

At the request of the BA or _____, a generator operator shall perform generating real and reactive capability verification. A. Market participant B. Market operator C. Transmission owner D. Transmission operator

D. Transmission operator