managing people and work chapter 2

When an organization ignores the external environment and fails to acquire inputs, it is likely to experience

entropy

In an organization, rules are

formal, written instructions to achieve specific goals.

What practice was advocated by Mary Parker Follett?

Workers should be allowed to exercise initiative in their everyday work lives.

Job specialization refers to the process by which

division of labor occurs as different workers gain expertise in tasks.

Dayfair Mobile's external environment is changing rapidly, and it responds by decentralizing decisions to allow lower-level managers to react faster. Which type of organizational structure allows this?

organic

Henri Fayol believed that in order to increase the efficiency of the management process, it is essential that

all organizational members are treated with justice and respect.

Managers who accept the assumptions of Theory X

counteract workers' natural tendencies to avoid work.

Northeast Woodworking is a small business run by skilled workers who produce customized and hand-manufactured furniture. This company engages in _______ production.

crafts

Adam Smith advocated _______ to produce products more quickly.

job specialization

Fayol's principle of initiative suggests that

managers should encourage employees to act on their own without direction from a supervisor.

Max Weber developed the

principles of bureaucracy.

Michel's company's IT department sent an email to all employees explaining how employees must secure their computers when they leave their offices. Employees would most likely consider these instructions

rules

Frederick W. Taylor is best known for defining the techniques of

scientific management.

Maria's job involves maintaining an accurate inventory and financial data. Her manager provided her with specific written instructions on how to perform the job task that is also used by other employees who do the same work. This is an example of

standard operating procedures.

Frederick Taylor believed that written rules and standard operating procedures

standardized and simplified jobs, making them more efficient.

In a bureaucracy, a manager's formal authority derives from

the position the manager holds in the organization.

Mary Parker Follett's primary criticism of Taylor's system of scientific management was that Taylor

was ignoring the human side of the organization and did not allow workers to exercise initiative and contribute to the organization.

An example of a norm is

an informal code of conduct recommending that employees help each other if time permits.

Rashid has chosen not to advocate for dual command at his company because it

causes confusion among employees.

The owners of Hae-Won's company make all of the important decisions even through there are middle managers who supervise front-line employees. When there are problems, these managers are reluctant to make decisions without speaking with one of the owners. This illustrates the problem with which of Fayol's principles of management?

centralization