MAR3023 Chapter 19: Advertising & Sales Promo

If a company learns that a competitor will introduce a new cake mix, it may use a ______ as a sales promotion to encourage its customers to stock up on its cake mixes and make the new launch less effective. A. premium B. deal C. product placement D. sample

B. deal

Radio listening time reaches its peak during which of these time periods? A. during the lunch break B. during the morning drive C. during the late evening hours D. during the dinner hour

B. during the morning drive

Advertising, like any part of the promotional mix, can be managed by following several steps. What are two of those steps? A. isolating B. evaluating C. predicting D. measuring E. executing

B. evaluating E. executing

In advertising, an appeal based on ______ suggests to the consumer that they can avoid some negative experience through the purchase and use of a product or service, a change in behavior, or a reduction in the use of a product. A. confidence B. fear C. suspicion D. intelligence

B. fear

Which factors should be considered when setting an advertising schedule? (Select all that apply) A. agency capabilities B. forgetting rate C. buyer turnover D. purchase frequency

B. forgetting rate C. buyer turnover D. purchase frequency

In addition to fear appeal and sex appeal, the third common appeal used in advertisements is ______. A. joy B. humor C. sadness D. disgust

B. humor

A Coca-Cola ad that highlights the firm's growing use of recyclable materials and other investments in sustainability is an example of ______ advertising. A. general B. institutional C. instructional D. organizational

B. institutional

For a new Madden video game, EA Sports decides to have Patrick Mahomes on the cover and run an ad campaign on ESPN. After the advertisement has run, EA Sports asks ESPN viewers if they recall the advertising and if it changed their attitudes about the product. What is this process called? A. pretesting B. posttesting C. sales promotion D. publicity

B. posttesting

Which two are among the most common advertising appeals? A. sensibility B. sex C. anger D. fear

B. sex D. fear

Which step in developing advertising is most helpful in selecting media and evaluating a campaign? A. posttesting the advertising B. specifying advertising objectives C. designing the advertisement D. identifying the target audience

B. specifying advertising objectives

A ______ does not require consumers to do anything other than buy a ticket or fill out a form for a chance to win some type of prize. A. rebate B. sweepstakes C. contest D.premium

B. sweepstakes

Because it influences all aspects of the advertising program, it is essential to understand the needs and characteristics of the ______ if the advertising program is to be successful. A. organizational structure B. target market C. supply chain D. media mix

B. target market

The biggest disadvantage of ______ advertising is its high cost. A. radio B. television C. newspaper D. outdoor

B. television

What two factors have allowed advertising the unique characteristic of being mobile? A. the 24-hour news cycle and cable television B. the access and popularity of smartphones C. the widespread availability of the Internet D. the ability of being able to use several advertising formats at once

B. the access and popularity of smartphones C. the widespread availability of the Internet

Messages on the interior and exterior of buses, subway and light rail cars, and taxis are known as ______. A. billboards B. transit advertising C. infomercials D. display (banner) ads

B. transit advertising

When assessing an advertisement's impact with pretesting, the advertiser is most likely measuring whether or not the ______. A. ad is going in one medium or multimedia B. various elements in the proposed ad match the intended message C. firm is making any money on the product or service in the ad D. ad is likely to be recalled by the audience

B. various elements in the proposed ad match the intended message

An advantage of ______ is that they often increase a firm's market share during the period immediately following their use. A. contests B. premiums C. coupons D. point-of-purchase displays

C. coupons

Two problems with advertising in ______ are the lack of accountability and ROI measurements and the increasing public concern about environmental impact. A. newspapers B. magazines C. directories D. direct mail

C. directories

The average number of times a person in the target audience is exposed to an advertisement is known as the ______. A. gross rating point B. cost per thousand C. frequency D. reach

C. frequency

Program-length advertisements on television that take an educational approach to communication with potential customers are known as ______. A. home television shopping B. product placement C. infomercials D. direct television advertising

C. infomercials

Most advertising messages are made up of intertwined ______ and persuasive elements. A. personal B. reminder C. informational D. quantitative

C. informational

A contest differs from a sweepstakes in that ______. A. you must be present to win the specified prize B. you must make a purchase in order to participate C. it requires skill or thinking on the part of the participant D. it awards a cash prize, not a product

C. it requires skill or thinking on the part of the participant

An advertising agency that specializes in one aspect of the creative process is known as a(n) ______ agency. A. functional B. add-on C. limited-service D. craft

C. limited-service

Despite the large number of media options today, the average Millennial still ______ for an average of 10 hours every week. A. reads a newspaper B. reads direct mail C. listens to the radio D. browses magazines

C. listens to the radio

The marketing advantage of ______ is the great number of special-interest publications that appeal to narrowly defined segments. A. newspapers B. directories C. magazines D. direct mail

C. magazines

Paid search, display (banner) ads, classified ads, and video are all types of ______ advertising. A. outdoor B. television C. online D. newspaper

C. online

Select the two primary characteristics that define advertising. A. creative B. uniform C. paid D. nonpersonal E. uncontrolled

C. paid D. nonpersonal

Newspapers often refer to their ______ as total circulation while television and radio stations describe theirs as ratings. A. frequency B. gross rating points C. reach D. cost per thousand

C. reach

Which advertising option reaches more than 96 percent of all households, both in their homes and outside of homes in places such as bars, fitness centers, or airports? A. national newspapers B. internet radio C. television D. magazines

C. television

In advertising, frequency is ______. A. the average number of times people in the target audience can recall particular advertising over the past 10 days B. the cost of advertising to 1000 people in the target audience C. the average number of times a person in the target audience is exposed to a message or advertisement D. the number of different people or households exposed to an advertisement

C. the average number of times a person in the target audience is exposed to a message or advertisement

"What ads do you remember seeing yesterday?" is a question most likely asked during which type of post-testing? A. sales recall B. inquiry C. unaided recall D. attitude

C. unaided recall

Match the type of product advertisement with its objective. 1. pioneering 2. competitive 3. reminder

1. pioneering: to inform 2. competitive: to persuade 3. reminder: to reinforce

Which two are reasons why pretesting is conducted? A. to determine whether the ad communicates the intended message B. to select among alternative versions of advertisements C. to select the best agency to develop a campaign D. to determine the impact the advertisement has on sales

A. to determine whether the ad communicates the intended message B. to select among alternative versions of advertisements

Deals are most commonly used as a sales promotion for which two reasons? A. to retaliate against a competitor's actions B. to provide in-store support for other promotions C. to demonstrate product use D. to increase trial

A. to retaliate against a competitor's actions D. to increase trial

A _____-service advertising agency provides a complete range of services, including research, media selection, copy and artwork development, and campaign coordination.

full

Buy-one-get-one free strategies, used to encourage consumers to shop at a certain store, are known as _____, a type of sales promotion. (Enter one word in the blank.)

deal

The FCC recommends that firms conduct market _____ to eliminate possible bias related to judgments about some population segments as they identify their target audience for advertising.

research

Interactive online advertising that has drop-down menus, built-in games, or search engines to engage viewers is known as ______ media. (Enter one word in the blank.)

rich

Free samples and point-of-purchase displays are known as consumer-oriented _____ promotions.

sales

Match the following forms of pretests with the correct description. 1. Portfolio test 2. Jury tests 3. Theater tests

1. Portfolio test: Used to compare copy alternatives, by asking subjects for their impressions on the test ad as well as others 2. Jury tests: Evaluation of an ad by a panel of consumers, and rated in terms of concepts such as liking, attention, attractiveness 3. Theater tests: Advertising taking place during television shows or movies is evaluated by consumers

Match the following approaches to advertising scheduling with the correct description. 1. continuous 2. flighting 3. pulse

1. continuous: running advertising on a steady schedule throughout the year 2. flighting: scheduling periods of advertising between periods of no advertising 3. pulse: running some advertising at all times, supplemented by higher levels in specified periods

Match the three forms of product advertisements with the correct description. 1. pioneering 2. competitive 3. reminder

1. pioneering: tells people what a product is, what it can do, and where it can be found 2. competitive: promotes a specific brand's features and benefits 3. reminder: reinforces a consumers previous knowledge of a product

Aided and unaided recall tests are done ______ the commercial airs on TV. A. after B. while C. each time D. before

A. after

When Sleep Number airs a half-hour program on cable television to inform potential customers about the health and sleep benefits of its products, this is known as ______. A. an infomercial B. direct television advertising C. home television shopping D. product placement

A. an infomercial

If researchers are asking respondents if an advertisement caused them to view a product more favorably, this is a(n) ______ test. A. attitude B. sales C. inquiry D. unaided recall

A. attitude

The substantial financial commitment required of most advertising options, means that marketers should ______. A. engage in a formal budgeting process B. use the same ad over and over, rather than create new ones C. use as many advertising options as available D. stay away from expensive options like advertising during the Super Bowl

A. engage in a formal budgeting process

Mayhem is a character depicted in Allstate Insurance commercials. He reminds buyers of possible catastrophic problems on the road or in their homes and the need for adequate coverage. This is an example of using a(n) ______ appeal. A. fear B. comparative C. ideal D. rational

A. fear

Which three are approaches to setting an advertising schedule? A. flighting B. sporadic C. continuous D. pulse E. straight-line

A. flighting C. continuous D. pulse

Select two of the steps in the development of an ad campaign. A. identify the target audience B. develop a distribution channel C. conduct a SWOT analysis D. specify advertising objectives

A. identify the target audience D. specify advertising objectives

Newspapers, radio, and TV are examples of advertising ______. A. media B. measures C. channels D. publishers

A. media

The broad set of interactive messaging options that enable organizations to communicate and engage with consumers through any mobile device is referred to as ______. A. mobile marketing B. content marketing C. public relations D. CRM

A. mobile marketing

As a sales promotion, a premium is ______. A. offering some type of merchandise for free or at significant savings B. a willingness to pay extra for merchandise C. substituting a higher quality product for the original D. a short-term price reduction to induce trial

A. offering some type of merchandise for free or at significant savings

Companies use ______ advertisements to tell people what a product is, what it can do, and where it can be found. A. pioneering B. awareness C. competitive D. institutional E. reminder

A. pioneering

A self-liquidating ______ is one in which the extra merchandise is offered at a savings over retail price but at a level that covers the cost of the item. A. premium B. rebate C. sweepstakes D. deal

A. premium

Which two trends are influencing newspapers today? A. the growth in online newspapers B. an improvement in journalistic integrity C. a dramatic decline in circulation D. the increase in advertising revenue

A. the growth in online newspapers C. a dramatic decline in circulation

In advertising, rating is ______. A. the percentage of households in a market that are turned to a particular TV show or radio station B. the percentage of the target audience that can recall advertising 10 days after exposure C. the cost of advertising to 1000 people in the target audience D. the average number of times a person in the target audience is exposed to a message or advertisement

A. the percentage of households in a market that are turned to a particular TV show or radio station

Select the three primary objectives of product advertisements. A. to inform B. to persuade C. to target D. to identify E. to remind

A. to inform B. to persuade E. to remind

Portfolio tests, jury tests, and theater test are likely to occur ______. A. at the end of an advertising campaign B. before an advertising campaign has begun C. when changes must be made to current advertising D. only when a company has a very large marketing budget

B. before an advertising campaign has begun

When it comes to advertising, most options can be quite expensive, which is why it is necessary to have a formal advertising ______. A. agency B. budget C. team D. schedule

B. budget

An advantage of ______ is that they often increase a firm's market share during the period immediately following their use. A. contests B. coupons C. premiums D. point-of-purchase displays

B. coupons

An advantage of using magazines as an advertising medium is ______. A. its low advertising cost B. its perception as being more "inspirational" than other media C. the short shelf life of magazines D. the short timeframe needed to place an ad

B. its perception as being more "inspirational" than other media

Which are considered forms of sales promotion? (Select all that apply) A. personal selling B. loyalty programs C. product placement D. sweepstakes

B. loyalty programs C. product placement D. sweepstakes

The means by which the message is communicated to the target audience are known as the advertising ______. A. processes B. media C. measures D. agencies

B. media

Specifying a clear objective for an advertising campaign helps in selecting ______ and ______ the campaign. A. agencies; launching B. media; evaluating C. agencies; evaluating D. media; launching

B. media; evaluating

Which two elements are present in most advertising messages? A. personal B. persuasive C. informational D. reinforcement

B. persuasive C. informational

Which form of advertising is especially important in the introductory stage of a product's life cycle to explain what it is, what it can do, and where it can be found? A. reminder B. pioneering C. competitive D. comparative

B. pioneering

When a cereal's packaging includes mention of a free toy placed inside the cereal box, this is an example of a ______. A. sample B. premium C. deal D. loyalty program

B. premium

Delta ran a sales promotion that featured John Legend performing an in-flight concert. Assuming that participants just had to purchase a ticket for a chance to win, this would be an example of a ______. A. contest B. premium C. sweepstakes D. loyalty program

C. sweepstakes

Doritos allowed consumers to submit their own commercials for the brand, promising to air the best submission during the Super Bowl. This is an example of a ______. A. loyalty program B. sweepstakes C. sample D. contest

D. contest

Following the execution of an advertising program, the marketer then must assess it. This is typically accomplished with ______. A. sales promotion B. portfolio testing C. publicity tools D. posttesting

D. posttesting

The number of different people or households exposed to an advertisement is known as ______. A. frequency B. gross rating point C. cost per thousand D. reach

D. reach

A disadvantage of using television advertising, especially on broadcast networks is ______. A. the poor image it sends B. its relatively small reach C. its inability to target specific audiences D. the likelihood of wasted coverage

D. the likelihood of wasted coverage

Messages on the interior and exterior of buses, subway and light rail cars, and taxis are known as ______. A. infomercials B. billboards C. display (banner) ads D. transit advertising

D. transit advertising

An _____ is any paid form of nonpersonal communication, about an organization, a product, a service, or an idea by an identified sponsor.

advertisement

Match the following factors that are considered in setting an advertising schedule with the correct description. 1. Buyer turnover 2. Purchase frequency 3. Forgetting rate

1. Buyer turnover: How often new buyers enter the market to buy the product 2. Purchase frequency: How often the product is bought 3. Forgetting rate: The speed with which buyers forget the brand without advertising

______ shows the actual performance of ads in terms of awareness, costs efficiency, or sales and those that don't do well may be dropped. A. Posttesting B. Scheduling C. Budgeting D. Pretesting

A. Posttesting

Misredemption of coupons, a form of ______, is a problem associated with their use by manufacturers. A. fraud B. price fixing C. disloyalty D. impersonation

A. fraud

______ are often used for new products, as a way to get the product in the hands of the consumer at no risk to them. A. Samples B. Point-of-purchase displays C. Contests D. Rebates

A. Samples

As part of a sales promotion program, ______ programs are specifically designed to retain customers by offering premiums or other incentives to customers who make multiple purchases over time. A. loyalty B. allowance C. sweepstakes D. rebate

A. loyalty

As a type of sales promotion, ______ have the ability to influence you at the instant you are noticing different products in your supermarket aisle. A. point of purchase displays B. trade promotions C. premiums D. loyalty programs

A. point of purchase displays

Apple offered to return $100 to consumers who purchased an Apple computer and a printer during a three-month promotional period. Consumers provided proof of purchase in exchange for a ______. A. rebate B. allowance form C. premium D. feedback questionnaire

A. rebate

When advertising agencies, trade associations, and marketing organizations develop standards to control potentially deceptive promotions tactics, they are engaged in ______. A. self-regulation B. publicity operations C. institutional advertising D. long-term relationships

A. self-regulation

Which entities regulate the fairness of sweepstakes and contests? (Select all that apply) A. state laws B. the Small Business Administration C. the Federal Trade Commission D. federal laws E. the Better Business Bureau

A. state laws C. the Federal Trade Commission D. federal laws

During its grand opening sale, a local electronics store gave customers a chance to win a new flat screen TV. Customers only had to fill out a card with their name, address, and telephone number and drop it into a box. One winner would be chosen at random. This is an example of a ______. A. sweepstakes B. premium C. loyalty program D. contest

A. sweepstakes

Product placement, a form of sales promotion, is ______. A. the use of a brand-name product in a movie or television show B. placing product advertisements in various forms of media based on the target market's preferences C. storing branded products in an eye-catching display to attract attention to them D. placing products on store shelves at eye level to appeal to the target market

A. the use of a brand-name product in a movie or television show

Self-regulation by advertising agencies, trade associations and marketing organization have a common goal of protecting ______. A. advertisers B. consumers C. marketers D. government officials

B. consumers

Evaluation of advertising is usually done when? (Select all that apply) A. When there is a complaint or a drop in sales B. After a campaign C. Before a campaign D. Rarely, if ever

B. After a campaign C. Before a campaign

Which are disadvantages of using coupons as a sales promotion? A. Consumers might miss the window to use the coupon. B. Coupons are more costly than just their face value. C. Retailers may develop coupons of their own. D. Consumers might try to redeem counterfeit coupons.

B. Coupons are more costly than just their face value. D. Consumers might try to redeem counterfeit coupons.

______ are primarily a navigation medium for advertising because they help consumers know where purchases can be made after other media have created awareness and demand. A. Magazines B. Directories C. Direct mail pieces D. Newspapers

B. Directories

______ shows the actual performance of ads in terms of awareness, costs efficiency, or sales and those that don't do well may be dropped. A. Scheduling B. Posttesting C. Pretesting D. Budgeting

B. Posttesting

Which two are required by federal and state laws and monitored by the Federal Trade Commission, regarding the use of contests and sweepstakes? A. More than one contest or sweepstakes cannot be run concurrently. B. The chance of winning must be represented honestly. C. They must be run no more frequently than once a year. D. There must be a guarantee that the prizes are awarded.

B. The chance of winning must be represented honestly. D. There must be a guarantee that the prizes are awarded.

Cooperative advertising means that ______. A. several producers of similar products use a cooperative to advertise for the whole product category B. a manufacturer pays a percentage of the retailer's local advertising expense for advertising the manufacturer's products C. manufacturers reimburse channel members for advertising that fails to stimulate increased sales D. all channel members agree on the content and frequency of advertising for a manufacturer's product

B. a manufacturer pays a percentage of the retailer's local advertising expense for advertising the manufacturer's products

Which two are types of online advertising? A. directories B. banner ads C. infomercials D. paid search

B. banner ads D. paid search

3M had a "One Million Uses and Counting" promotion such that individuals would post a YouTube video showing their various uses for Post-it Notes for the chance to win a prize. This is an example of a ______. A. rebate B. contest C. sweepstakes D. sample

B. contest

What two forms of promotion are used exclusively as trade-oriented sales promotions rather than promotions aimed at consumers? A. product placement B. cooperative advertising C. salesforce training D. loyalty programs

B. cooperative advertising C. salesforce training

A ______ is a sales promotion strategy in which the buyer can be refunded a portion of the purchase price from the manufacturer. A. sample B. rebate C. coupon D. perk

B. rebate

A local coffee shop is giving out free mini-size brewed coffee to entice consumers to come in the shop and try its products. The giveaways are called ______. A. premiums B. samples C. sweepstakes D. coupons

B. samples

Allowances, cooperative advertising, and the training of distributor's salesforces are types of ______-oriented sales promotions. A. profit B. trade C. consumer D. loyalty

B. trade

Sales tools used to support a company's advertising and personal selling directed to wholesalers, retailers, or distributors are known as ______-oriented sales promotions. A. channel B. trade C. consumer D. intermediary

B. trade

______ of advertising is done usually at two separate times: before and after the advertisements are run in the actual campaign. A. Promotion B. Categorization C. Evaluation D. Design

C. Evaluation

While shopping online at Amazon.com, you are given the option of free shipping if you add just six more dollars to your current total. This sales promotion appeal is analogous to the rack of candy bars and gum at a grocery store's checkout aisle, which is known as ______. A. a premium B. a loyalty reward C. a point-of-purchase display D. product placement

C. a point-of-purchase display

One of the biggest differences between advertising and publicity tools is that ______. A. advertising is typically perceived as more credible than publicity B. advertising typically has a smaller staff compared to the public relations office C. advertising typically has a direct cost while publicity does not D. publicity tools typically require more quantitative skills than advertising does

C. advertising typically has a direct cost while publicity does not

Trade-oriented sales promotions differ from consumer-oriented ones in that trade promotions ______. A. are offered when the exchange is predicted to occur without money B. are offered to prospective buyers, but not current customers C. are directed at intermediaries in the channel D. are restricted to promotions that encourage larger purchases

C. are directed at intermediaries in the channel

As a type of sales promotion, sweepstakes ______. A. require skill on the part of the consumer B. offer free merchandise with a purchase C. are purely games of chance D. are a type of discount coupon

C. are purely games of chance

Reverse product placement refers to ______. A. both manufacturers and retailers contributing to advertising efforts B. consumers contributing their creativity to the advertising efforts for products C. bringing fictional products to the marketplace D. allowing consumers to decide the preferred location for products in a retail store

C. bringing fictional products to the marketplace

In what two ways have promotion efforts changed to improve transactions and increase customer intimacy? A. placing emphasis on individual transactions B. reducing online promotion efforts C. increasing self-regulation D. emphasizing long-term relationships

C. increasing self-regulation D. emphasizing long-term relationships

Which of the following sales promotion strategies is used to encourage and reward repeat purchases? A. sweepstakes B. product placement C. loyalty programs D. free sampling

C. loyalty programs

Bertie Bott's Every Flavour Beans was originally just a product in the Harry Potter book series, but it is now actually available for purchase. This is an example of ______. A. a merchandise allowance B. cooperative advertising C. reverse product placement D. a trade promotion

C. reverse product placement

An outcome of companies that emphasize long-term relationships in their promotion practices is ______. A. an increase in customer turnover B. a decrease in customer loyalty C. a reduced need for self-regulation D. an increase customer intimacy

D. an increase customer intimacy

______ can be achieved with newspapers by advertising in the Wall Street Journal or USA Today. A. Interactivity B. A targeted message C. Superior frequency D. National reach

D. National reach

Posttesting often leads to ______. A. an initial selection of media B. an integrated marketing effort C. a movement away from sales promotion tools D. a decision about changes in advertising

D. a decision about changes in advertising

Consumer-oriented sales promotions are used to support a company's ______. A. efforts to obtain publicity B. repositioning of a product C. ability to raise prices D. advertising and personal selling efforts

D. advertising and personal selling efforts

The trade-oriented sales promotion technique that encourages both better quality and greater quantity in local advertising efforts of resellers is known as ______ advertising. A. allowance B. publicity C. shared D. cooperative

D. cooperative

Placing a branded product in a scene of a video game is an example of which type of sales promotion? A. premium B. loyalty programs C. point-of-purchase display D. product placement

D. product placement

True or False: Studies show that coupons do not have an effect on market share.

False

Consumers are required to apply their skill or analytical or creative thinking to try to win a prize in a(n) _____.

contest

Product _____ involves the use of a brand-name product as a prop or accessory in, for example, a scene in a movie or television show.

placement

Coupons, deals, contests and sweepstakes, directed at the ultimate consumers, used to support a company's advertising and personal selling are forms of sales _____.

promotions

_____ tools are methods of obtaining nonpersonal presentation of an organization, product, or service without direct cost.

publicity

Sales promotions that offer a discounted price to the consumer to encourage trial are called ______. A. contests B. coupons C. premiums D. loyalty programs

B. coupons

Collectible toys portraying movie characters are given away free with the purchase of Happy Meals at McDonald's. These are called ______. A. premiums B. contests C. loyalty program D. deals

A. premiums

Television and radio stations refer to their reach using the term ______. A. rating B. cost per thousand C. frequency D. gross rating point

A. rating

Interactive online advertising, known as ______, often has drop-down menus, built-in games, or search engines to engage viewers. A. rich media B. sensory media C. infomercials D. institutional advertising

A. rich media

Television is a unique and valuable medium in that it ______. A. communicates using motion and consumers' various senses B. is relatively low in cost compared to other forms of advertising C. has the longest exposure time of any form of advertising D. can easily convey complex information

A. communicates using motion and consumers' various senses

Product advertisements take three forms: pioneering, ______, and reminder. A. competitive B. informational C. institutional D. recall

A. competitive

Short-term price reductions that can be used to retaliate against a competitor's actions like introducing a new product are called ______. A. deals B. rebates C. coupons D. premiums

A. deals

A(n) ______ advertisement is used to build goodwill or an image for an organization rather than to promote a specific product. A. institutional B. organizational C. general D. instructional

A. institutional

The marketing advantage of ______ is the great number of special-interest publications that appeal to narrowly defined segments. A. magazines B. directories C. direct mail D. newspapers

A. magazines

Which two are common types of outdoor advertising? A. display (banner) ads B. billboards C. transit advertising D. directories

B. billboards C. transit advertising

More than 93 percent of all ______ are distributed as freestanding inserts in newspapers. A. rebates B. coupons C. premiums D. samples

B. coupons

In which type of post-testing are marketing researchers likely to measure changes in respondents' opinions about an advertised product? A. unaided recall B. inquiry C. sales D. attitude

D. attitude