mastering

Each IgG has ________ binding sites for attachment to antigenic determinants. A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) up to 8 E) as many as a 1000

2

Martha had a heart transplant. In order to prevent her body from rejecting the transplant she takes

immunosuppressive drugs

The process by which antibodies bind to antigenic sites on viruses or toxins, rendering them incapable of binding to other cells, is called

neutralization

during a primary humoral response to antigens all of the following occur except

neutrophils invade the surrounding areas, releasing chemotactic substances

A crime scene investigator found that a biological fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA-type antibody. This fluid is probably

tears

all of the following are true of the secondary response to humoral immunity except that it

weakens quickly because memory B cells only last for a year or two

immunglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and may activate antibody production are called

IgD

immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are

IgE

most abundant immunoglobulins

IgG

immunoglobulins that are formed of 5 subunits that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection are

IgM

During the primary response, which antibody peaks sooner? During the secondary response, which antibody level is higher? (Figure 22-25)

IgM, IgG

defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by

adaptive immunity

what is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to?>

an antigenic determinant, also called an epitope

the complement system works closely with and complements the action of

antibodies

the attraction or repulsion of cells to a chemical in its environment is called

chemotaxis

movement of phagocytes through capillary wall

diapedesis

T cells and B cells can only be activated by

exposure to a specific antigen in a specific site in the plasma membrane

Class I MHC proteins

found on all nucleated cells

Class II MHC proteins

found on antigen presenting cells

immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called

innate immunity

cytokines that make a cell and its neighbors resistant to a virus infection are called

interferons

immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called

naturally acquired active

The process by which soluble antigens combine with antibodies to form insoluble immune complexes is called

precipitation

autoimmune disorders result from failure of what property of immunity?

tolerance

In a routine examination, some blood is taken and analyzed. The results show a high IgM titer for the mumps virus but a low IgG anti-mumps titer. This would indicate the person

was recently infected w mumps