mastering 6
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
mitochondrion
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?
rough endoplasmic reticulum
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.
Basal bodies
Which of the following are common traits of chloroplasts and mitochondria?
Both have their own DNA.
A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle?
Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm.
_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.
Gap (communicating) junctions
The Golgi apparatus has a polarity, or sidedness, to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?
Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. All of the listed responses correctly describe polarity characteristics of the Golgi function.
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.
chromatin
The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.
desmosomes
Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?
gap junctions
Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the ER?
in mitochondria
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
lysosome
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.
nucleolus
Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?
peroxisome
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.
plasma membrane
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?
the lysosome
In a bacterium, we will find DNA in ____
the nucleoid
Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?
mRNA
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.
microtubules
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?
proteins
Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?
tight junctions
Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____.
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?
Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?
microtubules
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?
mitochondrion
In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is the _____
size and weight of the component
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells?
smooth ER
Where is calcium stored?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you most likely expect to be the immediate consequence?
a change in the shape of the nucleus
Cell size is limited by _____.
surface to volume ratios