Mastering A&P Chapter 22 questions
Which is incorrect regarding smooth muscle in the digestive tract?
A smooth muscle fiber has an extensive network of T tubules
Bile salts break lipids apart in a process called
emulsification
Haustra are
expansible pouches of the colon
Identify the structure labeled "12."
fundus
The ________ is a double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.
mesentery
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
mouth
The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the
mucosa
In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called ________, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways.
sphincters
A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would
decrease intestinal motility
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
filtration
The ________ mechanically digests ingested food.
stomach
Which of the following is greater?
the pH of the blood in gastric veins during digestion of a large meal
Cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion __________.
causes a relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter and contraction of the gallbladder
What terminology describes a series of transverse folds in the lining of the small intestine?
circular folds
The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the
fundus
Which region of the stomach is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus?
fundus
Bile is stored in the
gallbladder
An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is
gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
Which digestive hormone is secreted when fats and carbohydrates, especially glucose, enter the small intestine?
gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is
gastrin
G cells of the stomach secrete
gastrin
The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is
gastrin
Your patient has inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach. This is known clinically as
gastritis
Kupffer cells lurk in the liver, searching for invaders. Where in the liver do they lurk?
hepatic sinusoids
Parietal cells secrete
hydrochloric acid
Aggregated lymphoid nodules are characteristic of the
ileum
Regions of the stomach include all of the following except
ileum
The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the
ileum
Which of these descriptions best matches the term "submucosal plexus"?
includes a sensory neural network
Circular folds and intestinal villi
increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine
The ________ is composed of smooth muscle fibers and is not under voluntary control
internal anal sphincter
The bile duct:
is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct
The jejunum:
is the site where the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs
Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tom?
jaundice
The middle segment of the small intestine is the
jejunum
The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is the
jejunum
The villi are most developed in the
jejunum
Products of fat digestion are transported initially by
lacteals
The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the
lamina propria
Which component of the mucosa consists of a layer of areolar tissue that also contains blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, and many other structures?
lamina propria
What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?
large intestine
Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?
large intestine
Which of the following is not a phase of deglutition?
laryngeal
The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the
lingual frenulum
Gastrin secretion in response to elevated luminal pH is an example of ________ stimulation.
local
Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements.
mass
Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called
mass movements
Which of the following is classified as being either squamous or columnar?
mucosal epithelium
A viral infection that often involves the parotid glands, which swell noticeably, is
mumps
Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.
muscularis mucosa
Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the
myenteric plexus
Identify the structure labeled "10."
oblique muscle layer
Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?
pancreas
The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of
pancreatic acini
Functions of the tongue include all of the following except
partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx
Chief cells secrete
pepsinogen
Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called
peristalsis
The pancreas produces ________ -digesting enzymes in the form of proteolytic enzymes.
protein
The enzyme pepsin digests
proteins
Identify the structure labeled "7."
pylorus
The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the
pylorus
All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach except that it
recycles bile
What is the function of the structure labeled "6"?
regulates release of chyme into the duodenum
An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that assists in the digestion of milk proteins is
rennin
The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called
rugae
During deglutition,
All of the answers are correct
Functions of the large intestine include
All of the answers are correct
The Kupffer cells of the liver
All of the answers are correct
The activities of the digestive system are regulated by
All of the answers are correct
The pancreas produces
All of the answers are correct
The structure labeled "5"
All of the answers are correct
Tony is a chronic alcoholic with cirrhosis of the liver, a condition in which liver cells die and are replaced by connective tissue. Which of the following signs would you expect to observe in Tony?
All of the answers are correct
Which of the following enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine?
All of the answers are correct
Which of the following is a function of the tongue?
All of the answers are correct
________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of plates converging toward a central vein.
Hepatocytes
Which statement accurately describes the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?
It begins when tactile receptors on the palatal arches and uvula are stimulated
Choose the correct statement regarding the liver.
It functions in the maintenance of normal concentrations of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids in the bloodstream
Which of the following statements about the tongue is false?
It secretes salivary amylase
Which characteristic of saliva is correct?
Parasympathetic stimulation accelerates secretion by all the salivary glands
A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect
All of the answers are correct
The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?
cardia
Lacteals
carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term cholecystokinin (CCK)?
causes gall bladder to contract
The sac-like structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the
cecum
An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is
cholecystokinin
After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as
chyme
Circular folds are
circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine
Contraction of the muscle layer labeled "9" causes the digestive tract to
constrict
Which of the following is not a component of the defecation reflex?
contraction of the external anal sphincter
Which of these descriptions best matches the term "myenteric plexus"?
coordinates activity of muscularis externa
The basic functional unit of the liver is the
lobule
Gastric pits are
openings into gastric glands
The ability to function over a wide range of lengths is called
plasticity
The uvula is located at the
posterior margin of the soft palate
A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the
uvula
An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands and dilation of intestinal capillaries is
vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
Identify the structures labeled "6."
villi
The greater omentum is
a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera
A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in
a higher pH in the stomach during gastric digestion
The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as
absorption
What is produced by the structure labeled "7"?
antibodies
Which structure controls the contraction of the muscularis externa?
10
Mary had her most of her stomach surgically removed in an effort to overcome obesity. As a result you would expect Mary to be at risk for
vitamin B12 deficiency
Where would you find a brush border?
6
Which structure helps the stomach to stretch as it fills with food?
9
The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the
body
Which is the function of parietal cells?
They secrete a glycoprotein that facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12 across the intestinal lining
The roof of the oral cavity is formed by
both the hard palate and the soft palate
Colon cancer is the #3 cancer killer. Whether you are a man or a woman, current guidelines urge you to have a screening colonoscopy when you reach age 50 because
all of the answers are correct, and you could die if you don't have a screening colonoscopy when you reach age 50
A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the
appendix
Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the
bladder
In response to the arrival of acid chyme in the duodenum, the
blood levels of secretin rise
The ________ is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct.
common bile duct
The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the
common bile duct
Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the
duodenum
The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers is
secretin
What type of epithelium covers the structures labeled "6"?
simple columnar
Duodenal glands are characteristic of the
small intestine
Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin?
stimulates gastric secretion
Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the
stomach
Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the
submucosa
Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?
submucosa
Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the
submucosal plexus
Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in
swallowing