Mastering a&p questions

The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is melanin. collagen. elastin. keratin. carotene

elastin

The terms "thick" and "thin" refer to the relative thickness of which of the following? cutaneous membrane hypodermis dermis epidermis

epidermis

Cyanosis signifies that a patient has an allergic reaction. been kept out of the sun. had too much sun. oxygen-starved skin. been exposed to cyanide.

oxygen-starved skin.

The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skin is the ________ layer. subcutaneous hypodermal papillary epidermal reticular

papillary

Large quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the stratum corneum. stratum lucidum. stratum basale. stratum granulosum. stratum spinosum

stratum corneum

The layer of the epidermis that contains abundant desmosomes and dendritic cells is the stratum corneum. stratum lucidum. stratum basale. stratum granulosum. stratum spinosum

stratum spinosum.

Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system except provision of sensation. maintenance of body temperature. protection of underlying tissue. synthesis of vitamin C. excretion of salts and wastes.

synthesis of vitamin C.

In the stratum basale, which of the following specialized epithelial cells are sensitive to touch? tactile discs dendritic cells keratinocytes melanocytes

tactile discs

All of the following are true of the dermis, except __________. The reticular layer of the dermis lies deep to the papillary layer. the papillary layer underlies the epidermis the hypodermis is part of the dermis the reticular layer of the dermis is dense, irregular fibrous connective tissue

the hypodermis is part of the dermis

Which of the following is a response coordinated by the heat-gain center? Parasympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medullae releases epinephrine. The vasomotor center increases blood flow to the dermis. In children, hypothalamic TRH release increases. Shivering decreases body temperature.

In children, hypothalamic TRH release increases.

________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow. Hemoglobin Chlorophyll Bilirubin Carotene Melanin

Carotene

________ are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system. Squamous cells Merkel cells Basal cells Dendritic cells Melanocytes

Dendritic cells

Which is true regarding skin cancers? The keratin in keratinocytes protects the DNA in epidermal cells against the effects of UV radiation. Malignant melanomas never metastasize. Basal cell carcinomas are extremely dangerous and metastasize rapidly through the lymphatic system. Skin cancers are the most common types of cancers

Skin cancers are the most common types of cancers

If a fair-skinned person is sunburned, why does his or her skin turn red? The blood supply to the skin decreases. Increased heat causes the skin to turn red. Melanocytes increase production of red pigments. The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases. The blood flow to the skin increases as part of the inflammatory response

The blood flow to the skin increases as part of the inflammatory response.

Which of the following is a response coordinated by the heat-loss center? Hormones are released to increase the metabolic activity of all tissues. The respiratory centers are stimulated. A gradual increase in muscle tone occurs. The vasomotor center is stimulated.

The respiratory centers are stimulated

Melanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum granulosum. basale. lucidum. spinosum. corneum

basale

The primary pigments contained in the epidermis are carotene and melanin. tyrosine and melanin. carotene and tyrosine. melanin and hemoglobin. hemoglobin and carotene

carotene and melanin

Which primary mechanism of heat transfer is the direct transfer of energy through physical contact? convection radiation conduction evaporation

conduction

On a hot August day at the beach, the lifeguard jumped up and ran into the water, throwing a life-buoy to a troubled swimmer calling for help, and pulling her to safety. He was happy to help the swimmer, and once back on the beach, he realized that being in the water cooled him off a great deal. What form of heat transfer contributed to his feeling more comfortable? conduction radiation evaporation convection

convection

All of the following are true of the pigment melanin except that it is usually some shade of brown or black. is produced by cells called melanocytes. decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun. protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation. is released through melanosomes

decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun

The area of the brain that regulates body temperature is the medulla oblongata. cerebral cortex. pineal gland. hypothalamus. pons

hypothalamus

All of the following are true of the hypodermis except it contains many blood vessels. stores energy reserves. contains large amounts of adipose tissue. permits independent movement of deeper structures. is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane

is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.

Convection: changes a liquid to a vapor. is the result of conductive heat loss to the air that overlies the surface of the body. is energy similar to radiant heat from the sun. is the direct transfer of energy through physical contact.

is the result of conductive heat loss to the air that overlies the surface of the body

The type of most cells that form the strata in the epidermis are melanocytes. adipocytes. fibroblasts. keratinocytes. dendritic cells

keratinocytes

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is termed melanosome. malignant melanoma. cyanosis. metastasis. basal cell carcinoma

malignant melanoma

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer. reticular papillary hypodermal epidermal subcutaneous

reticular

In dark-skinned individuals, __________. carotene contributes most to skin color the number of melanocytes in the skin is greater melanosome transfer occurs in the stratum spinosum only the melanosomes are larger

the melanosomes are larger

All of the following are characteristics of the epidermis except that it is flexible. self-repairing. serving as UV radiation protection. multilayered. vascularized

vascularized