mastering a&p review questions ch 16
All of the following are targets for insulin except A. cardiac and smooth muscle B. blood cells C. skeletal muscle D. liver cells E. Adipocytes
blood cells
The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the A. lobe B. follicle C. cortex D. infundibulum E. medulla
cortex
Melatonin is produced by the A. thymus B. skin C. kidneys D. heart E. pineal gland
pineal gland
The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is A. FSH B. ADH C. TSH D. OXT E. ACTH
ADH
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is A. TSH B. ACTH C. FSH D. LH E. GH
FSH
The secretion of which hormone lowers blood glucose concentration? A. cortisol B. pancreatic polypeptide hormone C. Insulin D. glucagon E. peptide hormone like GH-IH
Insulin
The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems. A. endocrine; nervous B. cardiovascular; nervous C. renal; endocrine D. endocrine; lymphatic E. nervous; renal
endocrine; nervous
Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system A. parathryoid hormone B. cortisol C. growth hormone D. epinephrine E. insulin
epinephrine
Which of these statements about melatonin is false? A. exposure to light stimulates production B. it is made from serotonin C. it inhibits releases of GnRH D. exposure to light inhibits production E. it is produced by pinealocytes
exposure to light stimulates production
After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex, A. gene transcription is initiated B. cAMP is formed C. ion channels are opened D. G proteins are phosphorylated E. adenylyl cyclase is activated
gene transcription os activated
Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________ A. pancreatic polypeptide; insulin B. insulin; glucagon C. somatostatin; insulin D. glucagon; somatostatin E. glucagon; insulin
glucagon; insulin
Growth hormone does all of the following except A. promote muscle growth B. promote amino acid uptake by cells C. promote bone growth D. cause fat growth accumulation within adipocytes
cause fat growth accumulation within adipocytes
Identify the hormone labeled "1" A. corticotropin (ACTH) B. cortisol C. mineralocorticoid D. Aldosterone E. dopamine
corticotropin (ACTH)
The primary function of ADH is to A. decrease blood pressure B. increase digestive absorption C. increase the amount of sodium lost at the kidneys D. decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys E. delay urination
decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys
The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the A. hypothalamus B. pancreas C. adrenal glands D. thyroid gland E. thymus gland
hypothalamus
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is A. TSH B. ACTH C. FSH D. LH E. GH
ACTH
The posterior pituitary gland secretes A. ACTH B. ADH C. FSH D. TSH E. MSH
ADH
When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes A. cAMP is broken down B. ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed C. cAMP is formed D. ATP is consumed E. none of the answers is correct
ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed
Increased levels of the hormone ______ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood A. aldosterone B. thymosin C. calcitonin D. cortisol E. PTH
PTH (parathyroid hormone)
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is A. TSH B. ACTH C. FSH D. LH E. GH
TSH
The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually A. ATP B. calcium ion levels C. cAMP D. cGMP E. a G protein
a G protein
Cells of the adrenal cortex produce A. aldosterone B. epinephrine C. angiotensin D. ACTH E. norepinephrine
aldosterone
An activated G protein can trigger all of the following except A. a fall in cAMP levels B. a rise in cAMP levels C. the opening of calcium ion channels in the membrane D. an increase ATP production E. the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores.
an increase in ATP production
All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they A. bind to receptors within the cell B. are produced by the adrenal medulla C. are lipids D. are derived from cholesterol E. are produced by reproductive glands.
are produced by the adrenal medulla
Steroid hormones A. are proteins B. cannot diffuse through cell membranes C. remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time D. are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma E. bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells
TSH plays a key role in _____ of thyroid hormones A. only the release B. only the inhibition C. only the production D. both inhibition and production E. both production and release
both the production and release
Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except A. build up bone B. inhibit osteoblast activity C. stimulate osteoclast activity D. enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys E. stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitrol at the kidneys
build up bone
The intracellular protein _____ binds calcium ions. This complex can then activate enzymes. A. G protein B. cAMP C. receptor D. ATP E. calmodulin
calmodulin
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that A. increases the level of sodium ions in the blood B. stimulates the formation of white blood cells C. increases the level of potassium ions in the blood D. increases the level of calcium ions in the blood E. increases the level of glucose in the blood.
increases the level of calcium ions in the blood
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is A. glucagon B. cortisol C. aldosterone D. insulin E. somatotropin
insulin
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is A. glucagon B. erthropoietin C. cortisol D. insulin E. somatotropin
insulin
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce ______ which ______ blood sugar A. glucagon; raises B. insulin; lowers C. glucagon; lowers D. insulin; raises E. insulin; has no effect on
insulin; lowers
Regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the ________ of the hypothalamus A. supra-optic nuclei B. paraventricular nuclei C. median eminence D. geniculate bodies E. infundibulum
median eminence
The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the A. infundibulum B. cortex C. medulla D. follicle E. lobe
medulla
Identify the hormone labeled "13" A. oxytocin B. LH C. testosterone D. progesterone E. estrogen
oxytocin
The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is A. thyroid hormone B. growth hormone C. insulin D. glucagon E. parathyroid hormone
parathyroid hormone
When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the A. hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm B. second messenger appears in the cytoplasm C. hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA D. cell becomes inactive E. cell membrane becomes depolarized
second messenger appears in the cytoplasm
The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by A. indirect osmotic control B. secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system C. altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary D. direct neural stimulation E. gap synaptic junctions.
secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system
Cells can respond to ______ hormone(s) at a time. A. only one B. several C. two D. one or two
several
Extracellular membrane receptors are used by all of the following types of hormones except A. leukotrienes B. peptide hormones C. steroid hormones D. prostaglandins E. catecholamines
steroid hormones
Receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except A. trytophan derivatives B. peptide hormones C. eicosanoids D. catecholamines E. steroid hormones
steroid hormones
The _____ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney A. salivary B. pituitary C. parathyroid D. suprarenal E. thyroid
suprarenal
Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the A. heart B. gonads C. kidneys D. thyroid gland E. pituitary gland
thyroid gland
Identify the hormone labeled "4" A. thyroid-releasing hormone B. calcitonin C. parathyroid hormone D. thyroxin E. thyroid-stimulating hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone
Identify the hormone labeled "5" A. thyrotropin B. thyroid-stimulating hormone C. thyroid-releasing hormone D. parathyroid hormone (PTH) E. thyroxin (thyroid hormones)
thyroxin (thyroid hormones)
The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is A. somatotropin B. parathyroid hormone C. glucagon D. thyroxine E. calcitonin
thyroxine