mastering a&p review questions ch 16

All of the following are targets for insulin except A. cardiac and smooth muscle B. blood cells C. skeletal muscle D. liver cells E. Adipocytes

blood cells

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the A. lobe B. follicle C. cortex D. infundibulum E. medulla

cortex

Melatonin is produced by the A. thymus B. skin C. kidneys D. heart E. pineal gland

pineal gland

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is A. FSH B. ADH C. TSH D. OXT E. ACTH

ADH

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is A. TSH B. ACTH C. FSH D. LH E. GH

FSH

The secretion of which hormone lowers blood glucose concentration? A. cortisol B. pancreatic polypeptide hormone C. Insulin D. glucagon E. peptide hormone like GH-IH

Insulin

The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems. A. endocrine; nervous B. cardiovascular; nervous C. renal; endocrine D. endocrine; lymphatic E. nervous; renal

endocrine; nervous

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system A. parathryoid hormone B. cortisol C. growth hormone D. epinephrine E. insulin

epinephrine

Which of these statements about melatonin is false? A. exposure to light stimulates production B. it is made from serotonin C. it inhibits releases of GnRH D. exposure to light inhibits production E. it is produced by pinealocytes

exposure to light stimulates production

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex, A. gene transcription is initiated B. cAMP is formed C. ion channels are opened D. G proteins are phosphorylated E. adenylyl cyclase is activated

gene transcription os activated

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________ A. pancreatic polypeptide; insulin B. insulin; glucagon C. somatostatin; insulin D. glucagon; somatostatin E. glucagon; insulin

glucagon; insulin

Growth hormone does all of the following except A. promote muscle growth B. promote amino acid uptake by cells C. promote bone growth D. cause fat growth accumulation within adipocytes

cause fat growth accumulation within adipocytes

Identify the hormone labeled "1" A. corticotropin (ACTH) B. cortisol C. mineralocorticoid D. Aldosterone E. dopamine

corticotropin (ACTH)

The primary function of ADH is to A. decrease blood pressure B. increase digestive absorption C. increase the amount of sodium lost at the kidneys D. decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys E. delay urination

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys

The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the A. hypothalamus B. pancreas C. adrenal glands D. thyroid gland E. thymus gland

hypothalamus

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is A. TSH B. ACTH C. FSH D. LH E. GH

ACTH

The posterior pituitary gland secretes A. ACTH B. ADH C. FSH D. TSH E. MSH

ADH

When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes A. cAMP is broken down B. ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed C. cAMP is formed D. ATP is consumed E. none of the answers is correct

ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed

Increased levels of the hormone ______ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood A. aldosterone B. thymosin C. calcitonin D. cortisol E. PTH

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is A. TSH B. ACTH C. FSH D. LH E. GH

TSH

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually A. ATP B. calcium ion levels C. cAMP D. cGMP E. a G protein

a G protein

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce A. aldosterone B. epinephrine C. angiotensin D. ACTH E. norepinephrine

aldosterone

An activated G protein can trigger all of the following except A. a fall in cAMP levels B. a rise in cAMP levels C. the opening of calcium ion channels in the membrane D. an increase ATP production E. the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores.

an increase in ATP production

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they A. bind to receptors within the cell B. are produced by the adrenal medulla C. are lipids D. are derived from cholesterol E. are produced by reproductive glands.

are produced by the adrenal medulla

Steroid hormones A. are proteins B. cannot diffuse through cell membranes C. remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time D. are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma E. bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

TSH plays a key role in _____ of thyroid hormones A. only the release B. only the inhibition C. only the production D. both inhibition and production E. both production and release

both the production and release

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except A. build up bone B. inhibit osteoblast activity C. stimulate osteoclast activity D. enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys E. stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitrol at the kidneys

build up bone

The intracellular protein _____ binds calcium ions. This complex can then activate enzymes. A. G protein B. cAMP C. receptor D. ATP E. calmodulin

calmodulin

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that A. increases the level of sodium ions in the blood B. stimulates the formation of white blood cells C. increases the level of potassium ions in the blood D. increases the level of calcium ions in the blood E. increases the level of glucose in the blood.

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is A. glucagon B. cortisol C. aldosterone D. insulin E. somatotropin

insulin

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is A. glucagon B. erthropoietin C. cortisol D. insulin E. somatotropin

insulin

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce ______ which ______ blood sugar A. glucagon; raises B. insulin; lowers C. glucagon; lowers D. insulin; raises E. insulin; has no effect on

insulin; lowers

Regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the ________ of the hypothalamus A. supra-optic nuclei B. paraventricular nuclei C. median eminence D. geniculate bodies E. infundibulum

median eminence

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the A. infundibulum B. cortex C. medulla D. follicle E. lobe

medulla

Identify the hormone labeled "13" A. oxytocin B. LH C. testosterone D. progesterone E. estrogen

oxytocin

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is A. thyroid hormone B. growth hormone C. insulin D. glucagon E. parathyroid hormone

parathyroid hormone

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the A. hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm B. second messenger appears in the cytoplasm C. hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA D. cell becomes inactive E. cell membrane becomes depolarized

second messenger appears in the cytoplasm

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by A. indirect osmotic control B. secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system C. altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary D. direct neural stimulation E. gap synaptic junctions.

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system

Cells can respond to ______ hormone(s) at a time. A. only one B. several C. two D. one or two

several

Extracellular membrane receptors are used by all of the following types of hormones except A. leukotrienes B. peptide hormones C. steroid hormones D. prostaglandins E. catecholamines

steroid hormones

Receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except A. trytophan derivatives B. peptide hormones C. eicosanoids D. catecholamines E. steroid hormones

steroid hormones

The _____ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney A. salivary B. pituitary C. parathyroid D. suprarenal E. thyroid

suprarenal

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the A. heart B. gonads C. kidneys D. thyroid gland E. pituitary gland

thyroid gland

Identify the hormone labeled "4" A. thyroid-releasing hormone B. calcitonin C. parathyroid hormone D. thyroxin E. thyroid-stimulating hormone

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Identify the hormone labeled "5" A. thyrotropin B. thyroid-stimulating hormone C. thyroid-releasing hormone D. parathyroid hormone (PTH) E. thyroxin (thyroid hormones)

thyroxin (thyroid hormones)

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is A. somatotropin B. parathyroid hormone C. glucagon D. thyroxine E. calcitonin

thyroxine