Mastering Bio Chapter 12

A vaccine works by ______.

Stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses

What is a genetically modified organism?

An organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means

Restriction enzymes are obtained from ______.

Bacteria

Restriction enzymes _________.

Cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences

Which enzyme is used to bind DNA fragments together?

DNA ligase

Which of the following is the best definition for recombinant DNA?

DNA that carries genes from two different sources

When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein, the ______.

Desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is taken up by the bacterium

Nucleic acid probes are used to ______.

Find a specific nucleotide sequence

Genetically modifying human ______ cells may directly affect future generations.

Gametic

Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme produces DNA fragments that can be separated by ______.

Gel electrophoresis

The process of making multiple copies of a gene by inserting it into a host genome and culturing the host is an example of ______.

Gene cloning

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ______.

Length

A supplemental appendix is to a book as a ____________ is to a bacterial chromosome.

Plasmid

Which of these can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell?

Plasmids

To make restriction fragments, a DNA sample is treated with ______.

Restriction enzymes

"Sticky ends" are ______.

Single-stranded ends of fragments of double-stranded DNA

Gel electrophoresis separates pieces of DNA based on _____.

Size

The process of accurately amplifying a sample of DNA is called ____________.

The polymerase chain reaction

Transgenic animals are currently used ______.

To produce potentially useful proteins

You are attempting to link an individual to a crime. The only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. How can you use this drop of blood to make the association?

You can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for restriction fragment analysis.

"Sticky ends" are produced as a result of the action of ______.

a restriction enzyme