Mastering Bio Chapter 12
A vaccine works by ______.
Stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses
What is a genetically modified organism?
An organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means
Restriction enzymes are obtained from ______.
Bacteria
Restriction enzymes _________.
Cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences
Which enzyme is used to bind DNA fragments together?
DNA ligase
Which of the following is the best definition for recombinant DNA?
DNA that carries genes from two different sources
When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein, the ______.
Desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is taken up by the bacterium
Nucleic acid probes are used to ______.
Find a specific nucleotide sequence
Genetically modifying human ______ cells may directly affect future generations.
Gametic
Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme produces DNA fragments that can be separated by ______.
Gel electrophoresis
The process of making multiple copies of a gene by inserting it into a host genome and culturing the host is an example of ______.
Gene cloning
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ______.
Length
A supplemental appendix is to a book as a ____________ is to a bacterial chromosome.
Plasmid
Which of these can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell?
Plasmids
To make restriction fragments, a DNA sample is treated with ______.
Restriction enzymes
"Sticky ends" are ______.
Single-stranded ends of fragments of double-stranded DNA
Gel electrophoresis separates pieces of DNA based on _____.
Size
The process of accurately amplifying a sample of DNA is called ____________.
The polymerase chain reaction
Transgenic animals are currently used ______.
To produce potentially useful proteins
You are attempting to link an individual to a crime. The only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. How can you use this drop of blood to make the association?
You can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for restriction fragment analysis.
"Sticky ends" are produced as a result of the action of ______.
a restriction enzyme